Topic List: To be modified based on student interest

• Background and Theory • Fractionation • Tracing the hydrologic cycle • Isotope effects• Paleothermometry• Rock-water interaction• Carbon Isotopes• Strontium• Cosmogenic • Sulfur• Nitrogen

Hydrogen Isotopes

• Example• 1H: Protium, no neutrons, mass = 1 amu; stable• 2H: Deuterium – extra neutron, mass = 2 amu;

stable• 3H: Tritium – two extra neutrons, mass = 3 amu,

radioactive t1/2 = 12.3 yr

Equilibrium Fractionation

Light Stable Isotopes

• Clark and Fritz, 1997

Isotopic variation

• Hoefs, 2004

Oxygen variation

• Hoefs, 2004

Hydrogen variation

• Hoefs, 2004

Carbon variation

• Hoefs, 2004

Nitrogen Variation

• Hoefs, 2004

Sulfur variation

• Hoefs, 2004