TOPIC: Cells

AIM: Describe the different cell organelles and their functions.

Do Now: Take out your cell organelle reading notes AND your numbers.

HW: Atom project due Monday!

A process in which glucose is broken down to release energy is called

(1)diffusion

(2) respiration

(3) photosynthesis

(4) osmosis

An organism that cannot produce its own food.

(1)autotroph

(2) plant

(3) cell

(4) heterotroph

The absorption and circulation of materials within an organism is called

(1)respiration

(2) nutrition

(3) excretion

(4) transport

The removal of metabolic wastes is known as

(1)respiration

(2) regulation

(3) excretion

(4) homeostasis

The control and coordination of all life processes is called

(1) excretion

(2) regulation

(3) nutrition

(4) growth

The maintenance of a stable internal environment is known as

(1)respiration

(2) homeostasis

(3) excretion

(4) transport

The production of new individuals is called

(1) reproduction

(2) nutrition

(3) excretion

(4) regulation

The sum total of all life activities within an organism makes up an organism’s

(1)respiration

(2) metabolism

(3) excretion

(4) homeostasis

An organism made up of only one cell is called

(1)multicellular

(2) prokaryotic

(3) unicellular

(4) eukaryotic

Identify what is needed for growth to occur.

(1) water

(2) metabolic wastes

(3) energy

(4) electrolytes

The process in which simple substances are combined to make more complex substances is called

(1)synthesis

(2) metabolism

(3) respiration

(4) homeostasis

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFuEo2ccTPA

1. Identify the small structures that carry out specific functions within the cell.

• ORGANELLES

Cell Membrane

“SECURITY GUARD ”

2. Describe the phrase selectively permeable.

• It controls what substances come into and out of the cell.

Substances that enter cell:- Gases such as CO2 and O2

- H2O- Sugars- Amino acids- Glycerol- Fatty acidsSubstances that exit cells:- Urea- Uric acid- Gases such as CO2

- Mucus- Hormones

• Outside boundary that separates the cell from its environment.

• Selectively permeable

• FOUND IN BLOTH PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS

Cell wall

•RIGID layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organism.

•Protects and supports a cell (strong and sturdy)

•Made up of cellulose•ONLY IN PLANT CELLS

CELL WALL

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

3. Is the cytoplasm considered a cell organelle? Support your answer.

• Cytoplasm is not a structure.

• It holds the cell organelles.

Cytoplasm is the gelatin-like material that is found inside the cell membrane.

• Region between the cell membrane and the nucleus

• Made up mostly of water

• Where cell organelles are found

• Where some chemical reactions occur

• IN PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS

Cyclosis: movement of cytoplasm around the cell

Identify the cell organelle being described.

1.Controls what enters and leaves the cell.

1.Only found in plant cells.

2.Liquid material inside the cell.

3.Is rigid to protect and support the cell.

1.Selectively permeable.

2.Where some chemical reactions occur.

3.Non-living part of the cell.

4.Is not a cell organelle.

cell membrane

cell wall

cytoplasm

cell wall

cell membrane

cytoplasmcell wall

cytoplasm

Nucleus

MEMBRANE-BOUND???

“BRAIN” of the cell

4. Identify the genetic material found inside the nucleus.

• DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

5. Describe the function of DNA.

• It controls everything about an organism.

• Found in chromosomes

•Cell’s control center, directing cell activities

•Contains DNA •IN PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS

•Nucleolus: inside the nucleus

- produce ribosomes

Nuclear envelope

•Surrounds the nucleus•Pores substances to move in and out of nucleus

Nucleus of a Mouse Spleen Cell

Onion Cells

Cheek Cell

Mitochondria

“POWERHOUSE” of the cellMighty Mitochondria

MEMBRANE-BOUND???

•Produces ENERGY

•IN PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS

ATP

Ribosomes

•Produce proteins

(enzymes, hormones, antibodies, hemoglobin)

•IN PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS

•In cytoplasm

- Attached to ER

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

“HIGHWAY OF THE CELL ”

•Passageways that carry substances throughout cell

•IN PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS

•2 types:

Rough ER Smooth ER

• Rough ER: ribosomes on surface• Smooth ER: no ribosomes

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Golgi Bodies

“UPS / POST OFFICE”

• Stacks of flattened membranes

• Receive proteins from the ER, package them, and distribute them to other parts of the cell

Vacuoles

• STORAGE areas of the cell• Stores materials (food, water,

wastes, etc…)

•Animal = many small •Plant = few large

Lysosome

•Contain digestive enzymes to–BREAK DOWN food, cell wastes, and worn our cell parts

Chloroplasts• Capture energy from

sunlight and convert it into glucose (food) for the cell

(PHOTOSYNTHESIS)• Contain chlorophyll

(green)• FOUND IN PLANT

CELLS

Centrioles •Help in CELL DIVISION

•FOUND IN ANIMAL CELLS

Review: Identify the cell organelle described.

1.Controls all cell activities

2.Produces energy

3.Stores materials

4.Controls what enters and leaves cells

5.Produces proteins

6.Rigid outer structure that protects and supports the cell

7.Transports substances throughout the cell

8.Where photosynthesis occurs

9.Holds all cell organelles

10.Surrounds the nucleus

11.Helps in cell division in animal cells

12.Produces ribosomes

13.Where DNA is found

14.ER that is not covered with ribosomes

nucleus

nuclear envelope

vacuolescell membrane

ribosomes cell wall

ER

chloroplast

cytoplasm

mitochondria

centrioles

nucleolusnucleus

Smooth ER

Cell membrane

Cell wall

cytoplasm

vacuole

nucleus

chloroplast

centriolesmitochondria

ER

L. mitochondria

A. Cell membrane

B. Ribosome

C. cytoplasm D. vacuole

E. ER

F. lysosome

G. nucleus

H. chromosomes

I. Nuclear Mem.

J. Nucleolus

K. Golgi BodiesM. CentriolesLet’s Label!!!

1

2

34

5

6

7

8

78

A. Cell Wall

B. Cell Membrane

C. Nucleus

D. Nuclear Mem

E. Chromosomes

G. ER

F. Nucleolus

H. Ribosome

I. Chloroplast

J. Cytoplasm

K. Golgi Bodies

L. Mitochondria

M. Vacuole

E

In which organelle would water and dissolved minerals be stored?

(1.) vacuole (2.) lysosome

(3.) nucleus (4.) ribosome

The rigidity (support) of a plant cell is due primarily to the presence of the (1.) DNA

(2.) cell membrane

(3.) cell wall

(4.) lysosomes

The structure most closely associated with the destruction of worn out cell organelles is the

(1.) lysosome

(2.) vacuole

(3.) golgi apparatus

(4.) chromosome

Which structure is found ONLY in animal cells?

(1.) cell wall

(2.) vacuoles

(3.) centrioles

(4.) ribosomes

The organelle most closely associated with the manufacture of proteins within the cell is the

(1.) ribosome

(2.) lysosome

(3.) nucleolus

(4.) cell membrane

7. Which structure chiefly functions in intracellular transport?

(1.) vacuole

(2.) mitochondrion

(3.) golgi apparatus

(4.) endoplasmic reticulum

8. The cell wall is

(1.) selectively permeable

(2.) rigid

(3.) living

(4.) a hardened cell membrane

9. Cyanide, a metabolic poison, interferes with the production of energy. Which cell organelle does cyanide most directly influence first in this situation?

(1.) nucleus (2.) lysosome

(3.) mitochondria (4.) ribosomes

The rigidity (support) of a plant cell is due primarily to the presence of the (1.) DNA

(2.) cell membrane

(3.) cell wall

(4.) lysosomes

The structure most closely associated with the destruction of worn out cell organelles is the

(1.) lysosome

(2.) vacuole

(3.) golgi apparatus

(4.) chromosome

Which structure is found ONLY in animal cells?

(1.) cell wall

(2.) vacuoles

(3.) centrioles

(4.) ribosomes

The organelle most closely associated with the manufacture of proteins within the cell is the

(1.) ribosome

(2.) lysosome

(3.) nucleolus

(4.) cell membrane

10. The structure that is known as the control center of the cell is the

(1.) vacuole (2.) cell membrane

(3.) lysosome (4.) nucleus