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1. LESSON OBJECTIVE : I CAN EXPLAIN THE GOALS AND OUTCOMES OF THE PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENT THEODORE ROOSEVELT CONCERNING BUSINESS REGULATION AND ANTITRUST LEGISLATION
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The Progressives, 1898–1920Topic 4 Theodore Roosevelt—
Progressive Presidents
Write
What was Theodore Roosevelt’s view of the role of the president?
How did Roosevelt attempt to regulate big business?
What was Roosevelt’s philosophy about conserving the environment, and how did he carry out his philosophy?
Read
•At 42, the youngest President ever.
•A man of privilege – supports the common man.
•The first “modern
president.”
Read
ROOSEVELT’S VIEW OF THE PRESIDENCY
What was Theodore Roosevelt’s view of the role of the president?
He saw the White House as a bully pulpit a powerful platform
Presidents publicize important issues and seek support for his policies.
Taking OfficeBully pulpit
Read
Do Presidents Still Use the Bully Pulpit?
The Washington Post
The news today that President Obama will hold a prime-time press conference Wednesday came just minutes after he finished an impromptu address on health care -- the two latest pieces of evidence that the White House will lean heavily on the chief executive's personal popularity and magnetism to get a health care bill to his desk.
Read
What was the reason for the 1902 coal strike?
Miners wanted higher wages, shorter hours, & recognition of union.
The coal strike of 1902
Read
2. Discuss Roosevelt’s strategy to settle the coal strike.
He urged arbitration (two opposing sides agree to allow a third party to settle a dispute);
workers agreed to accept arbitration,
mine owners refused. As winter drew nearer,
Roosevelt threatened to take over the mines.
threat finally convinced the mine owners to agree to his arbitration plan.
The coal strike of 1902Writ
e
3. Define: Square Deal
Theodore Roosevelt's 1904 campaign slogan; expressed his belief that the needs of workers, business, and consumers should be balanced, and called for limiting the power of trusts, promoting public health and safety, and improving working conditions
Write
4. In what way did the coal strike agreement represent a “Square Deal”?
Both labor and business gained some and lost some of the things they wanted, but consumers benefited.
They gave the workers a shorter workday and higher pay
but did not require the mining companies to recognize the union.
Taking office The coal strike of 1902
Write
How is the “Square Deal” fair to everyone?
It is the belief that needs of workers, business, & consumers should be balanced.
Read
REGULATING BIG BUSINESS
5. What is trust-busting?
breaking up monopolies & trusts—big monopoly companies must now be broken into multiple smaller companies.
Trust-busting
Write
What does the political cartoon imply that trusts can do to the United States (Lady Liberty)?
Monopolies can endanger democracy.
Read
Roosevelt’s policy:
Bust trusts that do not serve the public interest.
Read
6. Explain President Roosevelt’s view of trusts.
Trusts are not necessarily bad. Good trusts, those that serve the public interest, should be allowed to exist.
Write
How does this political portray Teddy Roosevelt?
How does this political portray Teddy Roosevelt?
7. Name and explain the two acts that regulated shipping rates within the railroad industry?
The Elkins Act and the Hepburn Act
Elkins Act prohibited railroads from accepting rebates--ensured that all customers paid the same rates
Hepburn Act strengthened (ICC), giving it the power to set maximum railroad rates. --also gave the ICC the power to regulate other companies that were engaged in interstate commerce.
Regulating the railroadsa. Elkins Actb. Hepburn Act Writ
e
What caused improvements within meat-packing and drug industries?
Muckraker’s exposure of abuses.
Example: The novel, The Jungle, led to reports from Secretary of Agriculture helped cause improvements.
Protecting consumersUpton Sinclair Rea
d
Record major legislation regulating business during Roosevelt’s presidency.
LAW PURPOSE
Elkins Act prohibited railroads from accepting rebates
Hepburn Act authorized ICC to set maximum railroad rates
Meat Inspection Act
required federal inspection of meat shipped across state line
Pure Food and Drug Act
forbade manufacture, sale, or transportation of food and patent medicine containing harmful ingredients
Some food producers resorted to clever tricks to pass off tainted foods:
Poultry sellers added formaldehyde, a chemical used in embalming dead bodies, to old eggs to hide their foul odor.
Unwary consumers bought the tainted food and were tricked into thinking it was healthy.
Read
Record major legislation regulating business during Roosevelt’s presidency.
LAW PURPOSE
Elkins Act prohibited railroads from accepting rebates
Hepburn Act authorized ICC to set maximum railroad rates
Meat Inspection Act
required federal inspection of meat shipped across state line
Pure Food and Drug Act
forbade manufacture, sale, or transportation of food and patent medicine containing harmful ingredients
Think
Ink
share
How did Roosevelt attempt to regulate big business?
He regulated big business through:
legislation, trust-busting, railroad
regulations, Meat InspectionPure Food and
Drug Acts.
Read
OBJECTIVE: I WILL EXPLAIN HOW PERCEPTIONS OF
WILDERNESS IN THE UNITED STATES HAVE CHANGED OVER
TIME.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION
8. What did the 1890 U.S. Census lead some people to conclude ?
That there was no longer a frontier line in the West.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION
RooseveltEarly in the 20th
century, advocated the conservation of the nation’s natural resources.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATIONRea
d
9. Define: Newlands Reclamation Act of 1902
Allowed the Fed. Govt. to create irrigation projects to make dry lands productive.
This Act aims to provide financial backing to farmers who are unable to carry out their irrigation due to financial constraints.
10. What was Roosevelt’s philosophy about conserving the
environment?
Before Roosevelt’s presidency, Business needs had always taken priority over the environment. But Roosevelt recognized that natural resources were limited, and he believed their use needed to be controlled.
11. How did Roosevelt carry out his philosophy?
Roosevelt established U.S. Forest Service. The Forest Service created national monuments, and national parks.
Teddy Roosevelt and John Muir in Yosemite in 1903
What were John Muir’s ideas about conservation of Yosemite?
Muir wanted all of Yosemite preserved and protected in its natural state.
Read
12. Describe the environmental problems facing the nation in the late 1800s.
Some of the problems included deforestation (cutting of trees-destroying forests); over grazing of cattle, water pollution.
Write
Gifford Pinchot
Roosevelt established Forest Service with Pinchot as its chief.
Added nearly 150 million acres to the national forests,
controlled their use, and regulated their harvest.
The Antiquities Act of 1906 led to the creation of 18 national monuments
Gifford Pinchot Seated And Writing At A Desk
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FEDERAL CONSERVATION LANDS IN THE WEST, 1908
First President to take actions toward conservation of the
environment
Progressivism under Taft
13. Define: Sixteenth Amendment
(1913) law that allowed Congress to levy taxes based on an individual's income
The Taft administration also is credited with passage of the Sixteenth Amendment.
Introduced during the Taft years but ratified in 1913 after Taft left office
Write
THE NEW FREEDOM PLATFORM CALLED FOR TARIFF REDUCTIONS, BANKING
REFORM, AND STRONGER ANTITRUST LEGISLATION—CAUSES DEAR TO THE
HEARTS OF PROGRESSIVES.
Wilson’s New Freedom
Tariff reduction
This law reduced tariffs to their lowest levels in more than 50 years. Tariff reduction meant that the government had less income, however. How would the nation make up the shortfall?
Tariff reduction
The answer was an income tax. The Underwood Tariff Act also introduced a graduated income tax, which would assess people at different rates according to their income levels. Wealthier people would pay more; poorer people would pay less.
14. Define: Federal Reserve Act
(1913) law that created a central fund from which banks could borrow to prevent collapse during a financial panic. The Federal Reserve Act was passed to control the nation’s money supply and regulate the banking system.
Stronger antitrust laws: 15. Define: Clayton Antitrust Act
(1914) law that prohibited companies from buying the stock of competing companies in order to form a monopoly, forbade companies from selling goods below cost with the goal of driving their competitors out of business and made strikes, boycotts, and peaceful picketing legal for the first time.