1. LESSON OBJECTIVE : I CAN EXPLAIN THE GOALS AND OUTCOMES OF THE PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENT THEODORE ROOSEVELT CONCERNING BUSINESS REGULATION AND ANTITRUST LEGISLATION

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The Progressives, 1898–1920Topic 4 Theodore Roosevelt—

Progressive Presidents

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What was Theodore Roosevelt’s view of the role of the president?

How did Roosevelt attempt to regulate big business?

What was Roosevelt’s philosophy about conserving the environment, and how did he carry out his philosophy?

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•At 42, the youngest President ever.

•A man of privilege – supports the common man.

•The first “modern

president.”

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ROOSEVELT’S VIEW OF THE PRESIDENCY

What was Theodore Roosevelt’s view of the role of the president?

He saw the White House as a bully pulpit a powerful platform

Presidents publicize important issues and seek support for his policies.

Taking OfficeBully pulpit

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Do Presidents Still Use the Bully Pulpit?

The Washington Post

The  news today that President Obama will hold a prime-time press conference Wednesday came just minutes after he finished an impromptu address on health care -- the two latest pieces of evidence that the White House will lean heavily on the chief executive's personal popularity and magnetism to get a health care bill to his desk.

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What was the reason for the 1902 coal strike?

Miners wanted higher wages, shorter hours, & recognition of union.

The coal strike of 1902

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2. Discuss Roosevelt’s strategy to settle the coal strike.

He urged arbitration (two opposing sides agree to allow a third party to settle a dispute);

workers agreed to accept arbitration,

mine owners refused. As winter drew nearer,

Roosevelt threatened to take over the mines.

threat finally convinced the mine owners to agree to his arbitration plan.

The coal strike of 1902Writ

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3. Define: Square Deal

Theodore Roosevelt's 1904 campaign slogan; expressed his belief that the needs of workers, business, and consumers should be balanced, and called for limiting the power of trusts, promoting public health and safety, and improving working conditions

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4. In what way did the coal strike agreement represent a “Square Deal”?

Both labor and business gained some and lost some of the things they wanted, but consumers benefited.

They gave the workers a shorter workday and higher pay

but did not require the mining companies to recognize the union.

Taking office The coal strike of 1902

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How is the “Square Deal” fair to everyone?

It is the belief that needs of workers, business, & consumers should be balanced.

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REGULATING BIG BUSINESS

5. What is trust-busting?

breaking up monopolies & trusts—big monopoly companies must now be broken into multiple smaller companies.

Trust-busting

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What does the political cartoon imply that trusts can do to the United States (Lady Liberty)?

Monopolies can endanger democracy.

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Roosevelt’s policy:

Bust trusts that do not serve the public interest.

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6. Explain President Roosevelt’s view of trusts.

Trusts are not necessarily bad. Good trusts, those that serve the public interest, should be allowed to exist.

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How does this political portray Teddy Roosevelt?

How does this political portray Teddy Roosevelt?

7. Name and explain the two acts that regulated shipping rates within the railroad industry?

The Elkins Act and the Hepburn Act

Elkins Act prohibited railroads from accepting rebates--ensured that all customers paid the same rates

Hepburn Act strengthened (ICC), giving it the power to set maximum railroad rates. --also gave the ICC the power to regulate other companies that were engaged in interstate commerce.

Regulating the railroadsa. Elkins Actb. Hepburn Act Writ

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What caused improvements within meat-packing and drug industries?

Muckraker’s exposure of abuses.

Example: The novel, The Jungle, led to reports from Secretary of Agriculture helped cause improvements.

Protecting consumersUpton Sinclair Rea

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Record major legislation regulating business during Roosevelt’s presidency.

LAW PURPOSE

Elkins Act prohibited railroads from accepting rebates

Hepburn Act authorized ICC to set maximum railroad rates

Meat Inspection Act

required federal inspection of meat shipped across state line

Pure Food and Drug Act

forbade manufacture, sale, or transportation of food and patent medicine containing harmful ingredients

Some food producers resorted to clever tricks to pass off tainted foods:

Poultry sellers added formaldehyde, a chemical used in embalming dead bodies, to old eggs to hide their foul odor.

Unwary consumers bought the tainted food and were tricked into thinking it was healthy.

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Record major legislation regulating business during Roosevelt’s presidency.

LAW PURPOSE

Elkins Act prohibited railroads from accepting rebates

Hepburn Act authorized ICC to set maximum railroad rates

Meat Inspection Act

required federal inspection of meat shipped across state line

Pure Food and Drug Act

forbade manufacture, sale, or transportation of food and patent medicine containing harmful ingredients

Think

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How did Roosevelt attempt to regulate big business?

He regulated big business through:

legislation, trust-busting, railroad

regulations, Meat InspectionPure Food and

Drug Acts.

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OBJECTIVE: I WILL EXPLAIN HOW PERCEPTIONS OF

WILDERNESS IN THE UNITED STATES HAVE CHANGED OVER

TIME.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION

8. What did the 1890 U.S. Census lead some people to conclude ?

That there was no longer a frontier line in the West.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION

RooseveltEarly in the 20th

century, advocated the conservation of the nation’s natural resources.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATIONRea

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9. Define: Newlands Reclamation Act of 1902

Allowed the Fed. Govt. to create irrigation projects to make dry lands productive.

This Act aims to provide financial backing to farmers who are unable to carry out their irrigation due to financial constraints.

10. What was Roosevelt’s philosophy about conserving the

environment?

Before Roosevelt’s presidency, Business needs had always taken priority over the environment. But Roosevelt recognized that natural resources were limited, and he believed their use needed to be controlled.

11. How did Roosevelt carry out his philosophy?

Roosevelt established U.S. Forest Service. The Forest Service created national monuments, and national parks.

Teddy Roosevelt and John Muir in Yosemite in 1903

What were John Muir’s ideas about conservation of Yosemite?

Muir wanted all of Yosemite preserved and protected in its natural state.

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12. Describe the environmental problems facing the nation in the late 1800s.

Some of the problems included deforestation (cutting of trees-destroying forests); over grazing of cattle, water pollution.

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Gifford Pinchot

Roosevelt established Forest Service with Pinchot as its chief.

Added nearly 150 million acres to the national forests,

controlled their use, and regulated their harvest.

The Antiquities Act of 1906 led to the creation of 18 national monuments

Gifford Pinchot Seated And Writing At A Desk

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FEDERAL CONSERVATION LANDS IN THE WEST, 1908

First President to take actions toward conservation of the

environment

Progressivism under Taft

13. Define: Sixteenth Amendment

(1913) law that allowed Congress to levy taxes based on an individual's income

The Taft administration also is credited with passage of the Sixteenth Amendment.

Introduced during the Taft years but ratified in 1913 after Taft left office

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THE NEW FREEDOM PLATFORM CALLED FOR TARIFF REDUCTIONS, BANKING

REFORM, AND STRONGER ANTITRUST LEGISLATION—CAUSES DEAR TO THE

HEARTS OF PROGRESSIVES.

Wilson’s New Freedom

Tariff reduction

This law reduced tariffs to their lowest levels in more than 50 years. Tariff reduction meant that the government had less income, however. How would the nation make up the shortfall?

Tariff reduction

The answer was an income tax. The Underwood Tariff Act also introduced a graduated income tax, which would assess people at different rates according to their income levels. Wealthier people would pay more; poorer people would pay less.

14. Define: Federal Reserve Act

(1913) law that created a central fund from which banks could borrow to prevent collapse during a financial panic. The Federal Reserve Act was passed to control the nation’s money supply and regulate the banking system.

Stronger antitrust laws: 15. Define: Clayton Antitrust Act

(1914) law that prohibited companies from buying the stock of competing companies in order to form a monopoly, forbade companies from selling goods below cost with the goal of driving their competitors out of business and made strikes, boycotts, and peaceful picketing legal for the first time.