Topic 1.2: EuKAryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cell Structure Golgi body 80S Ribosome Lysosome Rough ER Nucleolus Nucleus Membrane Cytosol Smooth ER Mitochondrion Golgi body Smooth ER Nucleus Rough ER Ribosome (80S) Membrane Cytosol Vacuole Chloroplast Cell wall Mitochondrion Animal Cell Plant Cell Eukaryote Micrographs Animal Cell (exocrine gland cell) Plant Cell (palisade mesophyll) Organelles Organelles are compartmentalised structures that serve specific purposes Examples of eukaryotic organelles include: • 80S ribosomes – Responsible for protein synthesis (translation) • Nucleus – Stores genetic information (site of transcription) • Mitochondria – Site of aerobic respiration (ATP production) • Endoplasmic reticulum – Transports materials between organelles • Golgi complex – Sorts, stores, modifies & exports secretory products • Centrosomes – Involved in cell division (mitosis and meiosis) Organelles found only in specific cell types include: • Chloroplasts – Site of photosynthesis (plant cells only) • Lysosomes – Breakdown of macromolecules (animal cells) ER (rough) Mitochondrion Golgi complex Chloroplast Animal versus Plant Cells Animal Cells Plant Cells No chloroplast Have chloroplast No cell wall Cell wall (cellulose) No plasmodesmata Plasmodesmata Temporary vacuoles Large central vacuole Cholesterol present in the cell membrane No cholesterol in the cell membrane Glucose → glycogen Glucose → starch

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Topic 1.2: EuKAryotic Cells

Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Golgi body

80S Ribosome

Lysosome

Rough ER

Nucleolus

Nucleus Membrane

Cytosol

Smooth ER

Mitochondrion

Golgi body Smooth ER Nucleus Rough ER

Ribosome (80S)

Membrane

Cytosol

Vacuole Chloroplast Cell wall Mitochondrion

Animal Cell Plant Cell

Eukaryote Micrographs

Animal Cell (exocrine gland cell) Plant Cell (palisade mesophyll)

Organelles

Organelles are compartmentalised structures that serve specific purposes

Examples of eukaryotic organelles include: •  80S ribosomes – Responsible for protein synthesis (translation) •  Nucleus – Stores genetic information (site of transcription) •  Mitochondria – Site of aerobic respiration (ATP production) •  Endoplasmic reticulum – Transports materials between organelles •  Golgi complex – Sorts, stores, modifies & exports secretory products •  Centrosomes – Involved in cell division (mitosis and meiosis)

Organelles found only in specific cell types include: •  Chloroplasts – Site of photosynthesis (plant cells only) •  Lysosomes – Breakdown of macromolecules (animal cells)

ER (rough) Mitochondrion

Golgi complex Chloroplast

Animal versus Plant Cells

Animal Cells Plant Cells

︎No chloroplast Have chloroplast

No cell wall Cell wall (cellulose)

No plasmodesmata Plasmodesmata

Temporary vacuoles Large central vacuole

Cholesterol present in the cell membrane

No cholesterol in the cell membrane

Glucose → glycogen Glucose → starch