Review Packet 1

Topic 2 Sample Multiple Choice

1. In which of the following organelles is DNA found?a. mitochondriab. ribosomec. Golgi bodyd. secretory vesicles

2. Which of the following substances requires the least amount of energy to cross through a living biomembrane down a concentration gradient?a. a tripeptideb. a chloride ionc. a glucose moleculed. a hormone

3. Which of the following two compounds can move both into and out of living cells?a. ATP and glycogenb. glucose and amino acidsc. glucose and glycogend. ATP and starch

The diagram below refers to questions 6 and 7. It concerns the movements of chromosomes during the process of mitosis.

4. Using the data above, metaphase finished at minutea. 15b. 20c. 25d. 30

5. Using the data above, anaphase lasteda. 20 minutesb. 15 minutesc. 10 minutesd. 5 minutes

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6. The diameter of the field of view seen through a light microscope with a magnification of 100x is 1440 µm (micrometres). What would be the diameter of the field of view with a magnification of 400x?a. 144 µmb. 14400 µmc. 5760 µmd. 360 µm

7. The phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane is arrangeda. with the hydrophilic heads facing outward on each sideb. with the hydrophilic heads facing inward toward each otherc. with the hydrophilic heads facing outward on one layer and inwards on the other layerd. in various ways depending on the cell

9. Plant cells can maintain turgor because their cell walls containa. plasmodesmatab. a middle lamellac. Casparian stripd. cellulose microfibrils

10. The rough endoplasmic reticulum forms a continuous membrane with thea. plasma membraneb. Golgi apparatusc. cytoplasmd. nuclear envelope

11. Cells in metaphase of mitosis can be recognized because they havea. chromosomes on the equator of the cellb. no nuclear membranec. chromatids moving to opposite ends of the celld. chiasmata

12. Microscopic organisms do not need specialized gaseous exchange structures for oxygen absorption becausea. they do not carry out aerobic respirationb. they have a small surface area to mass ratioc. oxygen consumption is determined by the mass of an organism and oxygen uptake by the surface area of the organismd. they are too small to be seen with the naked eye

14. Mitochondria can be found ina. animal cells onlyb. animal and plant cells onlyc. prokaryotesd. prokaryotes and plant cells

15. Cilia and flagella are made ofa. centriolesb. membranesc. ribosomesd. microtubules

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16. Ribosomes are founda. only in eukaryotesb. in prokaryotesc. in virusesd. in animal cells only

17. Ribosomes function ina. destruction of foreign materialsb. making rough endoplamic reticulumc. manufacturing proteinsd. releasing hydrolytic enzymes

18. Cellulose cell walls can be founda. in plant cells and bacteriab. in all eukaryotesc. in prokaryotesd. in plant cells

19. The sap vacuole functions ina. supportb. transportc. protein synthesisd. sugar synthesis

20. A large number of lysosomes could be found ina. epithelial cellsb. red blood cellsc. white blood cellsd. platelets

21. A plasmid can be found ina. red blood cellsb. white blood cellsc. bacterial cellsd. plant cells

22. Which of the following cell structures is surrounded by or made of a single membrane?a. mitochondriab. chloroplastc. cell membraned. nuclear membrane

23. What is the function of cisternae?a. protein synthesisb. protein packagingc. modification of proteins into the final productsd. breakdown of proteins

24. Lysosomes function ina. digestion and respirationb. feeding and defencec. digestion and movementd. feeding and respiration

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25. DNA can be found in the eukaryotic cell in thea. nucleus onlyb. mitochondria onlyc. Golgi complexd. chloroplasts

26. Ribosomes are not present ina. prokaryotesb. eukaryotesc. mitocondriad. golgi complex

27. Centrioles are found ina. prokaryotesb. eukaryotesc. animal cellsd. mitochondria

28. Which of the following correctly describes the organelle shown in the table?

Organelle Description Function Where it is founda. Mitochondria Surrounded by two

smooth membranesRespiration All types of cells

b. Chloroplasts Surrounded by outer smooth and inner folded membranes

Photosynthesis Eukaryotes only

c. Golgi complex A group of membranes and vesicles

Modification of proteins

Eukaryotic cells only

d. Centrioles Folded membranes Cell division Animal cells only

29. Starch grains can be found ina. mitochondriab. chloroplastsc. Golgi complexd. nucleus

30. The largest number of mitochondria can be found ina. sperm cellb. red blood cellc. white blood celld. epithelial cell

31. Which is mainly responsible for maintaining the structure of a cell membrane?a. waterb. phospholipidsc. triglyceridesd. proteins

33. Scientists think that eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes bya. cytokinesisb. endosymbiosisc. exocytosisd. cell division

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34. The ribosomes in bacteria area. 70sb. 80sc. membrane boundd. attached to the naked DNA

35. In active transport, molecules pass through the following part of the cell membranea. protein channelsb. phospholipids bilayerc. phosphate headsd. cholesterol tails

36. In the structure of the cell membrane, glycoproteins area. carbohydrate chains attached to membrane proteinsb. protein tails attached to phospholipidsc. carbohydrate tails attached to phospholipidsd. protein tails attached to cholesterol

Study the following diagram, then answer the questions

37. Molecules represented by 1 could most probably bea. sodium ionsb. potassium ionsc. proteinsd. water

38. Arrow 2 can best representa. simple diffusionb. facilitated diffusionc. pinocytosisd. osmosis

39. Arrow 3 can representa. simple diffusionb. facilitated diffusionc. active transportd. osmosis

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The following shows cells from an onion root tip under the light microscope undergoing mitosis. Study the diagram, then answer the questions

40. Arrow 1 is pointing at a cell ina. interphaseb. prophasec. metaphased. anaphase

41. Arrow 2 is pointing ata. interphaseb. prophasec. metaphased. anaphase

42. Arrow 3 is pointing ata. interphaseb. prophasec. metaphased. anaphase

43. Arrow 4 is pointing ata. interphaseb. prophasec. metaphased. anaphase

44. In the above cell, if the cell cycle takes 9 hours in onion root tips, then the length of time spent in interphase can be calculated asa. 2.3 hoursb. 2.3 minutesc. 6.2 hoursd. 5.1 hours

Onion root tips were observed under the light microscope. The following table shows the number of cells in each stage of mitosis. Carry out the appropriate calculations to fill in the spaces in the table below. The time taken for a whole cell cycle is 8 hours. Use this information to answer the following questions

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45. Which stage is the longesta. Interphaseb. Prophasec. Metaphased. Anaphase

46. Which stage is the shortesta. interphaseb. prophasec. metaphased. anaphase

47. The percentage of cells in anaphase is abouta. 3b. 4c. 5d. 6

48. The length of time spent in anaphase is abouta. 13 minutesb. 1 hourc. 1.3 hoursd. 3.2 hours

49. The length of time spent in prophase is abouta. 32 minutesb. 1.4 hoursc. 2 hoursd. 2.5 hours

50. The percentage of cells in metaphase isa. 5.6b. 6.8c. 9.4d. 10.3

51. The time (hours) spent in interphase isa. 2.3b. 3.8c. 6.4d. 7.2

52. Which processes occur during interphase?I. DNA replicationII. DNA transcriptionIII. Separation of replicated DNA molecules

a. I and II onlyb. I and III onlyc. II and III onlyd. I, II, and III

53. Which of the following is a feature of exocytosis but NOT endocytosis?a. lipid bilayer fusionb. vesicle formationc. lipid bilayer adhesiond. secretion

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54. A cell in a photomicrograph is 10 cm in diameter. The scale of magnification of the photomicrograph is x 4000. What is the actual size of the cell?a. 2500 mmb. 2.5 mmc. 250 μmd. 25 μm

55. Which metabolic activities are shown by the prokaryotes?√ = yes x = no

Fermentation Photosynthesis Nitrogen fixationa. √ x xb. x √ xc. √ √ √d. x x √

56. What is the correct order of increasing size for the following biological structures?I. The diameter of a virusII. The diameter of a bacteriumIII.The thickness of a cell surface membraneIV.The diameter of a eukaryotic cell

a. I < III < II < IVb. I < III < IV < IIc. III < I < II < IVd. III < II < I < IV

57. What structure is only found in plant cells?a. mitochondrionb. cell membranec. chloroplastd. golgi apparatus

58. Which process occurs during interphase of the cell cycle?a. duplication of chromosomesb. separation of chromatidsc. condensation of chromatind. migration of centrioles

59. What is essential for diffusion?a. a concentration gradientb. a selectively permeable membranec. a source of energyd. a protein

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60. In the diagram below, macromolecules are being transported to the exterior of a cell.

What is the name of this process?a. exocytosisb. pinocytosisc. endocytosisd. phagocytosis

The following diagram of a prokaryote refers to questions 61 and 62.

61. What is the function of structure II?a. passing of hereditary information to offspringb. movement of the organismc. regulation of the entry and exit of materialsd. production of proteins

62. Which structures are found in all eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?a. I and II onlyb. II and IV onlyc. II and V onlyd. III and V only

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Topic 2 Sample DBQs and Essay Questions

1. Question 11 (M97/410/S(3))(b) Explain how viruses could

(i) be used in genetic engineering (4 marks)

2. Question 12 (M97/410/S(3))(a) Describe, using a diagram, the structure of a prokaryotic cell. (8 marks)

(b) Yeast has heterotrophic, eukaryotic cells. Predict differences in structure between yeast cells and prokaryotic cells. (7 marks)

3. Question 2 (M97/410/H(3))(a) Describe briefly what is meant by the ‘Cell Theory’. (3 marks)

(b) Describe, with diagrams, the main differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. (9 marks)

(c) Discuss the way in which:(i) living cells may have developed from inorganic material (5 marks)

(ii) eukaryotes may have developed from prokaryotes (3 marks)

4. Question 4 (N97/410/H(3))(a) Draw a diagram to show the structure of a generalized animal cell and label the

organelles found in the cytoplasm. (7 marks)

(b) Human cells are adapted for different functions. Describe the adaptations found in the following(i) human sperm (6 marks)(ii) epithelium (mucosa) cells on the surface of the small intestine (3 marks)(iii) B lymphocytes (4 marks)

5. Question 1 (M96/410/S(3))(a) Describe the structure of a cell membrane (plasma membrane). Use one or

more diagrams to illustrate you answer. (7 marks)

(b) Many different materials such as ions, water, gases and more complex molecules can be absorbed into cells. Explain the processes involved in the absorption of materials into cells. (13 marks)

6. Question 11 (M96/410/S(3))(a) Draw diagrams to show the structure of a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic animal cell.

(12 marks)

7. Question 1 (M96/410/H(3))(a) Describe the differences between cell membranes and plant cell walls. Include

details of both structure and function in your answer. (9 marks)

(b) Suggest five advantages and/or disadvantages to plants of having cell walls as well as cell membranes. (5 marks)

(c) Explain the activity of contractile vacuoles in cells. (6 marks)

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8. Question 2 (N96/410/S(3))The nucleus is the site for key events in the division of eukaryotic cells.

(a) Draw a diagram of a nucleus during interphase labeling as many features of the ultrastructure as you can. (5 marks)

(b) Draw a diagram of an animal cell during Anaphase of mitosis and another diagram of an animal cell during Anaphase I of meiosis labeling as many structures as you can. (Assume that the animal cell has four chromosomes at the start of mitosis). (13 marks)

(c) State two differences between Anaphase I and Anaphase II of meiosis.(2 marks)

9. Question 13 (N96/410/H(3))The movement of dissolved solutes across a cell membrane is one of the most important activities of a cell. Two types of movement across the membrane are active transport and facilitated diffusion.

(a) Make a list of the similarities and a list of the differences between ‘active transport’ and ‘facilitated diffusion’. (8 marks)

(b) Explain how nerve impulses in animals depend both on active transport and facilitated diffusion. (6 marks)

(c) Explain how translocation in plants depends both on active transport and facilitated diffusion. (4 marks)

(d) Name two substances found in the kidney, one moved by active transport and the other by facilitated diffusion. (2 marks)

10. Question 12 (N96/410/H(3))Living organisms are clearly separated into prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

(a) Describe the major contributions of Schleiden and Schwann to our understanding of the structure of organisms. (3 marks)

(b) Describe the structure and function of the plant cell wall. (7 marks)

(c) Discuss the similarities between plant cell chloroplasts and prokaryotic cells. (4 marks)

(d) Describe the differences in structure between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (6 marks)

11. Ques 2 (N02/H(2))According to cell theory all cells arise from pre-existing cells. The following diagram shows the cell cycle of a eukaryotic (body) cell of a diploid organism.

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AB

a. Define the term diploid. [1]b. Identify the parts of the cell cycle labeled A and B. [1]c. State three activities that occur during part A of the cell cycle. [3]d. Outline the differences in cytokinesis in animal and plant cells. [2]e. Explain the significance of complementary base pairing in relation to the cell cycle. [3]

12. Ques 2 (N02/S(2))a. Distinguish between diffusion and osmosis [1]b. Explain how the properties of phospholipids help to maintain the structure of the cell surface membrane. [2]c. State the composition and the function of the plant cell wall. [2]

13. Ques 7 (N03/H(2))a. Draw a diagram of a plasma membrane. [5]b. Describe the significance of polar and non-polar amino acids. [5]c. Explain the role of vesicles in transportation of materials within cells. [8]

14. Ques 5 (N03/H(2))a. Draw diagrams to show the four stages of mitosis in an animal cell with four chromosomes. [5]

15. Ques 2 (M04/H(2))a. Explain how the surface area to volume ratio influences cell sizes. [3]b. State one function for each of the following organelles. [3]

i. ribosomesii. rough endoplasmic reticulumiii.Golgi apparatus

c. Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in regards to three different features. [3]

16. Ques 2 (M04/S(2))a. Label the following electron micrograph of a prokaryotic cell. [2]

b. Calculate the magnification of the prokaryotic cell. [1]

17. Ques 7 (M04/S(2))a. State one function of each of the following organelles. [5]

Lysosome Golgi apparatus Rough endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus Mitochondrion

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18. Ques 2 (M04/S(2))a. An organelle is a discrete structure within a cell with a specific function. In the table below, identify the missing organelles and outline the missing functions. [4]

Name of organelle Structure of organelle Function of organelleNucleus Region of the cell containing

chromosomes, surrounded by a double membrane, in which there are pores.

Storage and protection of chromosomes

Ribosome Small spherical structures, consisting of two subunits.

Spherical organelles, surrounded by a single membrane and containing hydrolytic enzymes.

Digestion of structures that are not needed within cells.

Organelles surrounded by two membranes, the inner of which is folded inwards.

b. The table above shows some of the organelles found in a particular cell. Discuss what type of cell this could be. [2]

19. Ques 2 (M05/TZ#1/H(2))The diagram below shows the structure of a cell.

a. State the names of I and II [2]b. Calculate the actual length of the cell, showing your working. [2]c. State the function of the structure labeled III. [1]d. Deduce which type of cell is shown in the diagram, giving reasons for your answer. [2]

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20.

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