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2/5/2009
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Insights into Gardening, 2009
Garden Pests of the Willamette ValleyGarden Pests of the Willamette ValleyGarden Pests of the Willamette ValleyGarden Pests of the Willamette Valley
Gail Langellotto, Ph.D. (Entomlogy)OSU Department of Horticulture
OutlineOutline
Top 10 Garden Pests
Integrated Approach to Pest Management
1. Aphids2. Scales3. Mites4. Spiders
Top 10 Garden PestsTop 10 Garden Pests
5. Bees/Hornets/Wasps6. Vine Weevils7. Caterpillars8. Slugs9. Deer10.Moles
# 1: Aphids# 1: Aphids
Aphid Damage
Aphid Infestation on Hybrid Tea Rose
Green Lacewing Larvae
# 1: Aphid# 1: Aphid EnemiesEnemiesAphid Mummies
Minute Pirate Bug
Ground Beetle Syrphid Fly LarvaeParasitoid Emerging from
Aphid Mummy
# 2: Scales# 2: Scales
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# 2: Scales# 2: Scales # 3: Mites# 3: Mites
Spider MiteDamage
• Arachnids. Two distinct body divisions, 4 pair legs
• First pair of appendages are chelicerae
• All possess venom glands and spinnerets
#4: Spiders#4: Spiders
• All possess venom glands and spinnerets
Photo Images Courtesy of: Dept. of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Spinnerets
Chelicerae
Pedipalps(male)
#4: Spiders#4: Spiders
#4: Spiders#4: Spiders #4: Spiders#4: Spiders
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#4: Spiders#4: Spiders #5: Bees/Hornets/Wasps#5: Bees/Hornets/WaspsPaper Wasp
Yellow Jacket Nest
Yellowjacket Paper Wasp Nest
#5: #5: Bees: Honey beesBees: Honey bees
NOT A PEST!!!
#6: Vine Weevils#6: Vine Weevils
Root weevil larva
Black Vine Weevil Damage
Root weevil adult
Root weevil pupa
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#6: Vine Weevils#6: Vine Weevils
Root weevil larva
Root weevil adult
Root weevil pupa
#7: Caterpillars #7: Caterpillars -- LarvaeLarvae
• Juveniles– Not winged / can’t fly
– Not sexually mature
• Adults– Winged / can fly
– Sexually mature
Monarch ButterflyMonarch Butterfly Larva
#7: Caterpillars #7: Caterpillars –– Life CyclesLife Cycles
Image Sources:(Lepidoptera: http://www.museum.vic.gov.au/bugs/life/butterflies.aspx)(Hemiptera: http://www.ipm.uiuc.edu/cropsci270/syllabus/images/0207image13.jpg)
Monarch Butterfly
Potato Leafhopper Adult
Monarch Butterfly Larva
Potato Leafhopper Nymph
No Wings
Wing Pads
Wings
Wings
#7: Caterpillars #7: Caterpillars -- AdultsAdults
#8: Slugs and Snails#8: Slugs and Snails
Brown Garden Snail
#8: Slugs and Snails#8: Slugs and Snails
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#8: Slugs and Snails#8: Slugs and Snails
• For slugs and snails• Raised boards• Homemade or
commercial beer traps
Beer Trap
#8: Slugs and Snails#8: Slugs and Snails
p
Board Trap Beer Trap
#9: Deer:#9: Deer: Black Tailed Mule DeerBlack Tailed Mule Deer
http://wingscapes.typepad.com/wingscapes/2008/08/
#9: Deer:#9: Deer: Black Tailed Mule DeerBlack Tailed Mule Deer
• 7 pounds of food per day– Eat of 500 kinds of plants
– Lush greens and buds
• 2-4 quarts of water per day
• Most active in early morning and evening– Bed in shelters most of the
day
– Ruminants – must regurgitate and chew cud
#9: Reducing Deer Damage#9: Reducing Deer Damage
• Tolerate
• Dogs, running loose in the yard
• Resistant Plants
Fencing
Reduce Deer Damage in Your Yard, OSU Extension Publication EC 1557http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/html/ec/ec1557/
• Fencing
#9: Deer#9: Deer--Resistant PlantsResistant PlantsOregon oxalis
Hellebore*
Iris
Narcissus, Daffodil*
Rosemary
Tulip
Lupine*
Deer-Resistant Ornamental Plants, OSU Extension Publication EC 1440http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/html/ec/ec1440/
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#9: Deer#9: Deer--Resistant PlantsResistant Plants
Beauty Bush
Oregon Grape
Western Spice Bush
Juniperp
Common Lilac
Deer-Resistant Ornamental Plants, OSU Extension Publication EC 1440http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/html/ec/ec1440/
#9: Deer Fencing#9: Deer FencingVertical
8 feet high, mesh
5 foot high, solid
Slanted
Reduce Deer Damage in Your Yard, OSU Extension Publication EC 1557http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/html/ec/ec1557/
Slanted
4 feet high, 450
Individual Fences
#9: Deer Repellents#9: Deer RepellentsTrunk wraps
Deer repellents
commercial
homemade
Step by Step Instructions to Tree Protection:http://www.forestry.umn.edu/extension/urban_com/Tree_stem_protection_images/treestemprotection.html
Reduce Deer Damage in Your Yard, OSU Extension Publication EC 1557http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/html/ec/ec1557/
homemade
Flashing lights (holiday lights)
#10: Moles#10: MolesTownsend’s Mole Pacific Mole
Information:Controlling Moles. Kuhn and Edge. 2002.http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/html/ec/ec987/
Photos:http://www.washington.edu/burkemuseum/collections/mammalogy/mamwash/Images/coastmole.jpghttp://www.washington.edu/burkemuseum/collections/mammalogy/mamwash/Images/townmole.jpg
Pocket Gopher Mound
Mole Hill
#10: Moles#10: Moles #10: Moles#10: MolesEffective Mole Control Comer and Rodewald. 2002.http://ohioline.osu.edu/w-fact/0011.html
Controlling Nuisance Moles. Richard Pierce. 2002.http://extension.missouri.edu/explore/agguides/wildlife/g09440.htm
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IPM IPM ––Integrated Pest ManagementIntegrated Pest Management
1. Identify before acting2. Monitor the problem.3. Establish an acceptable threshhold4 M i ll il bl t t i4. Manage using all available strategies
(least toxic, preferred)1. Cultural – Resistant Plants2. Physical – Copper Barriers, Fences3. Biological – Aphid Enemies4. Chemical
Number of Species Currently Controlled with Pesticides
Diseases 137Insects 304Mites 34Nematodes 23Weeds 102
Diamondback Moth on Cabbage
• Triangles = Sprayed
Ci l• Circles = Unsprayed
Parasitoids on Cabbage
• Triangles = Sprayed
Ci l• Circles = Unsprayed
Biological Control
• Biological control is the use of living organisms —parasites, predators, or pathogens—to maintain pest populations below economically damaging levels, and may be either natural (conservation) or applied (augmentative)(conservation) or applied (augmentative).
The 3 P’s:Predators, Parasitoids, Pathogens
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Parasitized Insects
Aphid Mummies
Parasitized Cabbage Moth Larvae
Parasitized Beetle Larvae
Parasitoid Emerging from
Aphid Mummy
Augmentative Biological Control
• Increase local abundance of predators and parasitoids by releasing the biological control agents into the garden
• Use of biological control agents as you would a h i l ti idchemical pesticide
Stapling EggCards Egg Cards
Lacewing Eggs
Conservation Biological Control
• Few studies have been conducted in garden systems– Exception: Shrewsbury and Raupp (2006). Do top-down
or bottom up forces determine Stephanities pyriodes in urban landscapes?p
Two Dimensional System Three Dimensional System
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Diversity and Pests
• Raupp et al. 2001. Plant species diversity and abundance affects the number of different arthropod pests in residential landscapes.
Field Guide to Natural EnemiesField Guide to Natural Enemieshttp://extension.oregonstate.edu/mg/talks-and-seminars
• pdf of field guide is posted on website