TOOLS OF RHETORIC: ETHOS, PATHOS, LOGOS

MS. HANSEN, ENGLISH 9

ASSIGNMENT: CORNELL NOTES

Write Cornell notes by copying the information on the next five slides. Your notes will help you with the assignments related to this lesson, as well as giving you credit in your AVID class.

RHETORIC

• The art of effectively speaking and writing = persuasion

• Formulated by philosopher Aristotle 384-322 BC

3 TOOLS OF PERSUASION

• Why they are used:

• to appeal to an audience (reader, viewer, or listener) in order to win an argument

• Persuasive tactic can be used to manipulate audience (politics)

• Why they are important to know:

• You will be able to build a stronger argument through writing or speech

• You will know when you are being manipulated to agree with a writer’s or speaker’s point-of-view.

ETHOS

• Portrayal or comparison with a credible person

• Trusted by audience

• Greek meaning: character

PATHOS

• Congers emotions/feelings

• Appeals to the heart, not to the head

• Greek meaning: suffering, experience

LOGOS

• Logical reasoning

• Uses facts to convince audience

• Appeals to head, not heart

ADVERTISING

• Sprite Zero is 100% sugar free.

• Jennifer Aniston says Aveeno products make her skin soft.

• A man speaks through his tracheotomy (hole in throat) to warn about the effects that smoking cigarettes can have on a human body.

Ethos, pathos, or logos?

ASSIGNMENT: ADVERTISING

• https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUt_PBZQzj_D7wPfnSX-m9Ho1pfcq_CgG

• Click on the above link. Watch each commercial all of the way through, then follow the directions on the left.

Identify whether each commercial is an example of ethos, pathos, or logos. Support your answers with evidence you found in each video. Answers must be in complete and legible sentences.

Note: You will not have access to the Sara Mclachlan/ASPCA video, so you are excused from video #6.

SPEECHES

• Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that “all men are created equal.” – Abraham Lincoln

• “Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!” – Patrick Henry

• If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. Had you rather Caesar were living and die all slaves, than that Caesar were dead, to live all free men? As Caesar loved me, I weep for him; as he was fortunate, I rejoice at it; as he was valiant, I honour him; but, as he was ambitious, I slew him. -Brutus in Wm. Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar, III.2.20

Ethos, pathos, or logos?

AN EFFECTIVE SPEECH HAS ALL THREE APPEALS IN ORDER TO PERSUADE NUMEROUS AUDIENCE MEMBERS.

ethos

logos pathos

ASSIGNMENT: SPEECH

1. Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation.

2. But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land.

Identify whether the passages from Martin Luther King’s “I Have A Dream” are examples of ethos, pathos, or logos. Support your answers by analyzing the evidence you found in each passage. Your answers must be written in complete and legible sentences.

ASSIGNMENT CONTINUED

3. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God's children.

4. And so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream…. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

ASSIGNMENT CONTINUED

5. And when this happens, and when we allow freedom to ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual:

Free at last! Free at last! Thank God

Almighty, we are free at last!

“I HAVE A DREAM”

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1UV1fs8lAbg

• Click on the link to see Dr. Martin Luther King deliver his famous speech in front of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington DC on August 28, 1963.