Tools for Effective Learning: Graphical Knowledge … - FCI Instrument: FCI - Q15 (A)daya tolakan yang dikenakan oleh kereta terhadap lori adalah sama dengan daya lori menolak kereta

Tools for Effective Learning: Graphical Knowledge Representation

Invited Talk, Motivational Week,Sek. Men. Keb. Seksyen 11, Shah

Alam. April 16th, 2003Applied Sciences Education Research

Group (ASERG)Faculty of Applied SciencesUniversiti Teknologi MARA

email: email: [email protected]@hotmail.comhttp://www.uitm.edu.my/faculties/fsg/drjj1.htmlhttp://www.uitm.edu.my/faculties/fsg/drjj1.html

CMAPCMAP

QuotesQuotes

“One must learn by doing the thing, for though you think you know it, you have no certainty until you try.”

Author:AristotleSource:The Forbes Book of Business Quotations : 14,266

thoughts on the Business of Life.

“Practice is the best instruction of them all.”Author: Publilius Syrus.

Source: Body, Mind and Spirit.

SMK11 SMK11 -- LearningLearning

KnowledgeKnowledge

ö Not to be imparted or transferred

ö It is to be constructed

ö Depends to existing belief system

ö Brain is not a sponge

Approaches to Learning

✔ Surface - Snorkling

SMK11 SMK11 -- LearningLearning

✔ Deep – Scuba diving

Surface Approach (reproducing)

ƒStudying without reflecting on either purpose or strategyƒTreating the course as unrelated bits of

knowledgeƒMemorising facts and procedures routinelyƒFinding difficulty in making sense of new ideas

presentedƒFeeling undue pressure and worry about work

SMK11 SMK11 -- SurfaceSurface

A surface approach to learning is characterised by:

Deep Approach (transforming)A deep approach to learning is characterised by:

Relating ideas to previous knowledge and experienceLooking for patterns and underlying principlesChecking evidence and relating it to conclusionsExamining logic and argument cautiously and criticallyBecoming actively interested in the course content

SMK11 SMK11 -- DeepDeep

SMK11 SMK11 -- FCIFCI

Instrument: FCI Instrument: FCI –– Q4Q44.Bayangkan suatu perlanggaran secara

berdepan diantara sebuah lori balak dan sebuah kereta Kancil. Sewaktuperlanggaran,


Instrument: FCI Instrument: FCI –– Q4Q4(A) lori mengenakan daya yang lebih besar terhadap

kereta berbanding dengan daya kereta terhadap lori.

(B) kereta mengenakan daya yang lebih besar terhadap lori berbanding dengan daya lori terhadap kereta.

(C) tiada daya yang kenakan oleh lori terhadap kereta dan sebaliknya; kereta menjadi remuk kerana ianyamenjadi penghalang kepada pergerakan lori.


Instrument: FCI Instrument: FCI –– Q4Q4

(D)lori mengenakan daya terhadap kereta tetapi kereta tidak mengenakan daya terhadap lori.

(E) lori dan kereta masing-masingnya mengenakan daya yang sama magnitudnya .

Instrument: FCI Instrument: FCI -- Q15Q15Sebuah lori mengalami kerosakan dan menerima tolakan dari belakang oleh sebuah kereta keciluntuk menghantarnya ke bandar seperti yangdigambarkan di bawah.

SMK11 SMK11 --FCIFCI

15.Sewaktu kereta kecil tersebut menolak lori dan memecut untuk mencapai kelajuan seragam;


Instrument: FCI Instrument: FCI -- Q15Q15

(A)daya tolakan yang dikenakan oleh kereta terhadap lori adalah sama dengan daya lori menolak kereta

(B)daya tolakan yang dikenakan oleh kereta terhadap lori adalah lebih kecil berbanding dengan daya lori menolak kereta

(C)daya tolakan yang dikenakan oleh kereta terhadap lori adalah lebih besar berbanding dengan daya lori menolak kereta


Instrument: FCI Instrument: FCI -- Q15Q15(D)oleh kerana injin kereta hidup, maka ia

mengenakan tolakan terhadap lori tetapi loritidak mengenakan tolakan terhadap kereta kerana injin lori tidak dihidupkan. Lori tersebut ditolak hanyalah kerana ia mengganggu laluan kereta

(E)tidak ada daya dikenakan oleh kereta danoleh lori. Lori tersebut ditolak hanyalah kerana ia mengganggu laluan kereta

Instrument: FCI Instrument: FCI -- Q19Q19SMK11 SMK11 -- FCIFCI

19.Kedudukan dua buah blok pada turutan selamasa 0.20 saat diwakili oleh kotak-kotakbernombor dalam gambarajah di bawah. Blok-blok tersebut sedang bergerak ke kanan.


Instrument: FCI Instrument: FCI -- Q19Q1919.Adakah ketikanya blok-blok tersebut

mempunyai kelajuan yang sama?

(A)Ya.(B)Ya iaitu pada kedudukan 2.(C)Ya iaitu pada kedudukan 5.(D)Ya iaitu pada kedudukan 2 dan 5.(E)Ya iaitu pada suatu ketika diantara

kedudukan 3 dan 4.


Instrument: FCI Instrument: FCI -- Q25Q2525. Seorang wanita mengenakan suatu daya yang

malar secara mendatar terhadap sebuah kotak yang besar. Kotak tersebut kemudiannya bergerak dengan kelajuan “v0” merentasi permukaan lantai. Daya malar yang mendataryang dikenakan oleh wanita tersebut:

SMK11 SMK11 –– Why Bother??Why Bother??

Velocity is bla bla ….QUOTESQUOTES F = ma

v2= u

2+2as

dx/dt = Aωcos(ωt+ϕ)Source:Most Students taking physics or otherwise; Cited from Hewitt, Rigden, Hobart

SMK11 SMK11 --ToolsTools

Learning StylesLearning Styles

“is the way in which each learner begins to concentrate on, process, and retain new and difficultinformation."(Dunn)

Domains of Information HandlingDomains of Information HandlingBahagian Dimana Maklumat di tangani


Bahagian Dimana Maklumat di tangani

Input (Penerimaan)Styles: Visual/Verbal (Lihat/dengar)

Perceiving (Pengertian)Styles: Sensing/Intuitive

(Pancaindera/Gerak hati)


Domains of Information HandlingDomains of Information Handling

ProcessingStyles: Active/Reflective (Giat/Pemikir)

UnderstandingStyles: Sequential/Global (Ikut

urutan/Menyeluruh)

SMK11 SMK11 -- ILSILS

MotivationMotivation-- Information Handling DomainsInformation Handling Domains

USA findingsUSA findings

A ctive 67% S ensing 57%

R eflective 32% Intuitive 42%

P rocessing P erception

learn b est b y d o in g so m eth in g p h y sical w ith th e in fo rm atio n

p refer d ata an d facts.

d o th e p ro cessin g in th eir h ead s

p refer th eo ries & in terp retatio n s o f factu al in fo rm atio n


Motivation Motivation -- Information Handling DomainsInformation Handling DomainsMalaysian findings (students N=167): Dr. J.J.Malaysian findings (students N=167): Dr. J.J.

A ctive 64% S ensing 56%

R eflective 35% Intuitive 44%

d o th e p ro cessin g in th eir h ead s

p refer th eo ries & in terp retatio n s o f factu al in fo rm atio n

learn b est b y d o in g so m eth in g p h y sical w ith th e in fo rm atio n

p refer d ata an d facts.

P rocessing P erception


MotivationMotivation-- Information Handling DomainsInformation Handling Domains

USA findingsUSA findings

V isual: 69% S equential 71%

V erbal 30% G lobal 28%

p refer th e sp o ken o r w ritten w o rd .

m u st g et “b ig p ictu re” b efo re in d iv id u al p ieces fall in to p lace

p refer ch arts, d iag ram s an d p ictu res.

easily m ake lin ear co n n ectio n s b etw een in d iv id u al step s

Input U nderstanding


Motivation Motivation -- Information Handling DomainsInformation Handling Domains

Malaysian findings (students N=167): Dr. J.J.Malaysian findings (students N=167): Dr. J.J.

V isual: 84% S equential 60%

V erbal 15% G lobal 39%

Input U nderstanding

p refer ch arts, d iag ram s an d p ictu res.

easily m ake lin ear co n n ectio n s b etw een in d iv id u al step s

p refer th e sp o ken o r w ritten w o rd .

m u st g et “b ig p ictu re” b efo re in d iv id u al p ieces fall in to p lace


Domains of Information HandlingDomains of Information HandlingVisual Learners Should:

Use graphics to reinforce learning; films, slides, illustrations, diagrams and doodles.Color code to organize notes and possessions.Use flow charts and diagrams for note-taking.


Domains of Information HandlingDomains of Information HandlingAuditory Learner Should:

Use of tapes for reading and for class and lecture notes.Learning by interviewing or by participating in discussions.

Domains of Information HandlingDomains of Information HandlingSMK11 SMK11 --ToolsTools

Kinesthetic Learners Should:

Engage in experiential learning (making models, doing lab work, and role playing).Take frequent breaks in study periods.Trace letters and words to learn spelling and remember facts.

SMK11 SMK11 -- FactsFacts

QuotesQuotes

Confucious Confucious says:says:

I hear and I forget

I see and I remember

I do and I understand

SMK11 SMK11 -- FactsFacts

Research Findings Research Findings –– Retention % of Retention % of Learning After 3 days periodLearning After 3 days period

Read only – 10% See only 30%

Hear only – 20% See + hear – 50%

Say only – 70%

Say & do simultaneously - 90%

CMAPCMAP

What is a Concept MapWhat is a Concept Map

ZDeveloped by J.D. Novak in the sixties while doing research on child development

Z Technique to represent knowledge, graphically

Z Network of concepts

Perceived regularities in events or objects

Records of events or objects

Labeled by word or symbol

CMAPCMAP


ö Consists of nodes (concepts) & links (relationship)

ö Propositions (pernyataan) are concepts connected with other words to form meaningful statements or semantics (makna) units

Plants have

sunlight

need

Leaves

CMAPCMAP


ö Concepts presented in hierarchical way

öMost general (top) to most specific at the bottom

öHave crosslinks connecting domains of CMAPs

Plants haveneed

Leavessunlight

CMAPCMAP

Example: Hierarchical Concept Maps Example: Hierarchical Concept Maps

ConceptMap

OrganizedKnowledge

ContextDependent

are

representsis

arecombine to form

EGEGConcepts Propositions

CMAPCMAP

Why do CMAPS?Why do CMAPS?

Human memory is not a single “vessel” to be filled but rather a complex set of interrelated memory system

CMAP serves as a template to organize & structure knowledge

CMAPCMAP


Question: What are plants?

Plants Roots PhotosynthesisGreen Seeds GrowStems Food Petals

Flowers LeavesColorWaterSunlight Energy

Oxygen Carbon dioxideBranches

CMAPCMAP


Question: What are plants?Plants

FlowersStemsRoots GrowLeaves

PetalsColor Food SeedsBranches

Green Photosynthesis

Sunlight H2O O2CO2

Energy EGEG

CMAPCMAP

Example: Hierarchical Concept Maps

need

Example: Hierarchical Concept Maps

Plants

have have

Branchessunlight

need

CO2 Leaves

photosynthesisEnergy

has required

for

undergo

CMAPCMAP


Your Task – CMAP on Plants

Z Ask a question about a Plant

Z Brainstorm concepts related to your question (write all related concepts)

Z Arrange concepts (general to specific)

Z Construct map, reconstruct & reconstruct

Z Use CMAP softwareEGEG

CMAPCMAP


Your Task – CMAP on Periodic Table

Z Ask a question about a concept – periodic table




CMAPCMAP


Your Task – Construct a CMAP

Periodic table

PeriodColumns

Rows

Atomic Number

Groups

Symbols

Atomic mass

ProtonsElement

Transition

Metals

Halogen

Noble gas

Alkali

EGEG

CMAPCMAP


Your Task – CMAP on Physics Concepts

Z Ask a question about a concept – Force, Momentum, energy, Electric current




Z Use CMAP software

EndEnd

Closing QuotesClosing QuotesChange is a shark in the ocean. Change never

stops, never sleeps: it must always keep moving. The good news is if you hate the way things are, they will change. The bad news is if you love the way things are, they are certain

to change as well. The only thing inevitable about life is change, not death. Change is

here to stay!

Documents

Tools for Effective Learning: Graphical Knowledge … - FCI Instrument: FCI - Q15 (A)daya tolakan yang dikenakan oleh kereta terhadap lori adalah sama dengan daya lori menolak kereta