Toolbox for Walter Filtration - Rain Gardens

8/3/2019 Toolbox for Walter Filtration - Rain Gardens

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TOOL BOX

Filtration

Wtland/Swamp

Filtration Pond

Shallow Marsh

Natural Vgtation

Surfac Landscap

Constructd Wtland

Bio-Rtntion Swal

Purification Biotop

Grn Fingr

Grn Roof

Rain Gardn

Vgtativ Purification Bd

Watrscaps
http://www.lightimprint.org/F_wetlandswamp.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_filtrationpond.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_shallowmarsh.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_shallowmarsh.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_surfacelandscape.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_constructedwetland.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_bioretentionswale.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_purificationbiotope.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_greenfinger.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_raingarden.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_raingarden.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_greenfinger.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_purificationbiotope.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_bioretentionswale.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_constructedwetland.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_surfacelandscape.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_shallowmarsh.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_shallowmarsh.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_filtrationpond.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_wetlandswamp.pdf


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F3Light imprint handbook version 1.3

INTRO

DUCTION

Filtration

t u f c

fu w ul -

c cu f cc

y -

. p cz, ucl,

c w

have runo fltered by techniques

wll uc u, ullu

w. my cu w

fltration processes involve the use

f x, ly clcl

ccl

ul ul c

uu y.

The goal o the fltration tools in

L i c ul

y w l lcy,

while also fnding a place or new

y -

ate choices. The expensive fltration

l cclly fl

u z f c.

There the cost can be justifed by

y.

L l c-

ries, fltration tools can also serve

cc w y wll

. r

c uful ulc fu;green fngers can be very active

. Wc c

uful c l u

plazas. There are many fltration

c l x

successul in improving water quality

w ul ul -

.

TOOL BOX

Filtration


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Light imprint handbook version 1.3

FILTRATION

F4

sUrFaC

eLandsCape

natUra

Lvegetation

shaLLoWma

rsh

F

iLtration

pond

W

etLand/sWamp

green

rooF

green

Finger

pUriFiCation

biot

ope

bio-retention

sWaLe

Const

rUCtedWetLand

vegetativepUriFiCatio

nbed

raingarden

WatersCapes
http://www.lightimprint.org/F_surfacelandscape.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_surfacelandscape.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_surfacelandscape.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_surfacelandscape.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_surfacelandscape.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_surfacelandscape.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_surfacelandscape.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_surfacelandscape.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_surfacelandscape.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_surfacelandscape.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_surfacelandscape.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_surfacelandscape.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_surfacelandscape.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_surfacelandscape.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_surfacelandscape.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_surfacelandscape.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_shallowmarsh.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_shallowmarsh.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_shallowmarsh.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_shallowmarsh.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_shallowmarsh.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_shallowmarsh.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_shallowmarsh.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_shallowmarsh.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_shallowmarsh.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_shallowmarsh.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_shallowmarsh.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_shallowmarsh.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_shallowmarsh.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_filtrationpond.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_filtrationpond.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_filtrationpond.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_filtrationpond.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_filtrationpond.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_filtrationpond.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_filtrationpond.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_filtrationpond.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_filtrationpond.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_filtrationpond.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_filtrationpond.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_filtrationpond.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_filtrationpond.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_filtrationpond.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_wetlandswamp.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_wetlandswamp.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_wetlandswamp.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_wetlandswamp.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_wetlandswamp.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_wetlandswamp.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_wetlandswamp.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_wetlandswamp.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_wetlandswamp.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_wetlandswamp.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_wetlandswamp.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_wetlandswamp.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_wetlandswamp.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_greenfinger.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_greenfinger.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_greenfinger.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_greenfinger.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_greenfinger.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_greenfinger.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_greenfinger.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_greenfinger.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_greenfinger.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_greenfinger.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_greenfinger.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_purificationbiotope.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_purificationbiotope.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_purificationbiotope.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_purificationbiotope.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_purificationbiotope.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_purificationbiotope.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_purificationbiotope.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_purificationbiotope.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_purificationbiotope.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_purificationbiotope.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_purificationbiotope.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_purificationbiotope.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_purificationbiotope.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_purificationbiotope.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_purificationbiotope.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_purificationbiotope.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_purificationbiotope.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_purificationbiotope.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_purificationbiotope.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_bioretentionswale.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_bioretentionswale.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_bioretentionswale.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_bioretentionswale.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_bioretentionswale.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_bioretentionswale.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_bioretentionswale.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_bioretentionswale.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_bioretentionswale.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_bioretentionswale.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_bioretentionswale.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_bioretentionswale.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_bioretentionswale.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_bioretentionswale.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_bioretentionswale.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_bioretentionswale.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_bioretentionswale.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_bioretentionswale.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_constructedwetland.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_constructedwetland.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_constructedwetland.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_constructedwetland.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_constructedwetland.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_constructedwetland.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_constructedwetland.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_constructedwetland.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_constructedwetland.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_constructedwetland.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_constructedwetland.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_constructedwetland.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_constructedwetland.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_constructedwetland.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_constructedwetland.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_constructedwetland.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_constructedwetland.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_constructedwetland.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_grassedcellularconcrete.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_grassedcellularconcrete.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_grassedcellularconcrete.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_grassedcellularconcrete.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_grassedcellularconcrete.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_grassedcellularconcrete.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_grassedcellularconcrete.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_grassedcellularconcrete.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_grassedcellularconcrete.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_grassedcellularconcrete.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_grassedcellularconcrete.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_grassedcellularconcrete.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_raingarden.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_raingarden.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_raingarden.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_raingarden.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_raingarden.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_raingarden.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_raingarden.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_raingarden.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_raingarden.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_raingarden.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_waterscapes.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_waterscapes.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_waterscapes.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_waterscapes.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_waterscapes.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_waterscapes.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_waterscapes.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_waterscapes.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_waterscapes.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_waterscapes.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_waterscapes.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_waterscapes.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_raingarden.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_grassedcellularconcrete.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_constructedwetland.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_bioretentionswale.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_purificationbiotope.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_greenfinger.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_wetlandswamp.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_filtrationpond.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_shallowmarsh.pdfhttp://www.lightimprint.org/F_surfacelandscape.pdf


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NATUR

AL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F5


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NATUR

AL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F7

I. Wtland/Swamp

t-Z: t1, t2 sl: Fl

C : $ sl: g

mc: Lw Cl: Cl, t, h

mly W, W

A. DscriptionWl ully w

l ylcl c. t l f w-

l w y clly u u l

w; y c w llw ly f w

u f fll . vu y

f wl w clu: , l w,

pocosins, and wetats. They may all be considered part o con-

ul . suc ul y clf u w ll xy u f w

. Wl c ccu y f c. s

w w l cl ufc. o y

ccu l l f w.

B. UsWl l f c w

quality. Runo rom urban areas oten contains toxins, bacteria,

u. Fl u wl c ffc-

tive water purifcation. Sediment in the runo is trapped in thewl, l cl w wwy. t cl,

fltered water benefts both aquatic ecosystems and supplies o

drinking water. Wetlands oer natural solutions to water quality

u wu u cy.

C. CostA natural wetland requires no additional cost, other than a

l c .

D. Maintnanca ully ccu wl ll -

c.

e. RsourcsC Cll mcl o. C

uc Wl

sul Lc. nw Y: J Wly & s, ic., 1999:

82-86. 82-86.

d guf, J a, s h C, rc axl. i o sw t sy:

Cuc Wl. Uy f m: ex

sc, 2002.

n Cl d f Cl m. Wl: t Fuc

vlu Cl n Cl. rl, n Cl:

d f el nul ruc (12 dc

2001).

Wetland/Swamp


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N

ATURAL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F8

Wetland/Swamp

t1 - Wl/sw - e il, sC


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NATUR

AL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F9

Wetland/Swampt1 - Wl/sw - aly, b

t2 - Wl/sw - h, sC


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ATURAL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F10

Wetland/Swamp

t2 - Wl/sw - tul, ok

t2 - Wl/sw - tul, ok


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NATUR

AL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F11

II. Filtration Pond

t-Z: t1, t2 sl: Fl

C : $$ sl: p, mu, g

mc: mu Cl: Cl, t, h

mly W, W

A. DscriptionFl cu

w. ty c f ly f l

c f f w

impounded. Oten, aquatic plants are planted on the pond oor.

sw lwly cl u l. t

w l cu ycl llu uc , ,

l, y l, . s xc l u-

y l ly.

B. UsFl , yclly ul cc,

f w ul c z, t1 t2. sc y

somewhat expensive to build and maintain, fltration ponds should be

clly lc cu xu u f w. a wll

maintained fltration pond can serve as a neighborhood amenity.

C. CostFiltration ponds require some inrastructure to work properly.

t y clu l f l cl,

wll f l. a uu cl

system or fltered water is necessary when there is a high volume

f w w l c .

Inrastructure costs make fltration ponds somewhat expensive

cuc. if clly lc, f -

fucu c c ff y uc f w

cyc y.

D. MaintnancFiltration ponds require regular maintenance to ensure e-

ectiveness. The sand and gravel used as flter material must

cl ulu f . v

requires maintenance or unctional and aesthetic purposes.

e. RsourcsCy f al-sw Uly d. sw

p. al, tx: 2008.

FiltrationPond


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N

ATURAL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F12

Filtratio

nPond

t2 - Fl p - h, sC

t2 - Fl p - h, sC


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NATUR

AL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F13

Shallo

wMarsh

III. Shallow Marsh

t-Z: t1, t2, t3 sl: Fl

C : $ sl: g

mc: mu Cl: Cl, t, h

W

A. DscriptionShallow marsh fltration systems use a method similar to wetlands.

W cl lwly u ,

c f w. nully cu llw

y c c f ul . Cuc

llw u clcul w l c;

w, llw c ly c .

B. Ust xz llu l, llw u

lw-ly w fly w l clx -

cl fu. t y c y u

; f, f t4, t5, t6.

C. CostNaturally occurring shallow marshes require little upront

cost. A constructed shallow marsh fltration system is comparable

f cuc wl.

D. MaintnancNaturally occurring shallow marshes require little maintenance

l clcc f

. a cuc llw u

manner as a constructed wetland. Water quality and water level o

llw u ully. al,

f llw u y ul w

l lc. sllw l u clly

u cc lc f l y.

e. RsourcsC Cll mcl o. C

uc Wl

sul Lc. nw Y: J Wly & s, ic.,

1999: 82-86.

rc a. Cly, J., p.e. Ccl C f succful

pl, d, Cuc, mc f sw

Best Management Practices. Washington, DC: U. S. EPA, Ofce o

Wl, oc W (4 Fuy 2003).


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ATURAL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F14

Shallow

Marsh

t1 - sllw m - C, sC

t1 - sllw m - C, sC


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NATUR

AL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F15

Natur

alVegetation

IV. Natural Vgtation

t-Z: t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6 sl: s, m, Fl

C : $ sl: p, mu, g

mc: Lw Cl: Cl, t, h

dy, mly W, W

A. Dscriptionnul y x, ully ccu l

l. i c c l lc c

fcly lcl c. r y f l

are the frst to absorb water rom runo, natural drainage, or rain.

The plants flter out some impurities beore the water percolates

l. nul c c

c f ul .

B. UsNatural vegetation is a specialized and site-specifc tool; it can

only be utilized where it naturally occurs. It essentially defnes T1,

ul c z. nul ul -

served and utilized where possible in all subsequent zones. It may

be used in conjunction with other tools, such as a green fnger

ul . nul y l c

an overland fltration device. Similar to surace landscape, the

f ul ff z.

Even the most urban locations, however, beneft rom this tool.

C. CostThis naturally occurring tool is ree at the onset. The fnal

c f c ul y lu

f ul l.

D. MaintnancNatural vegetation requires little to no maintenance. It may

require some pruning and trimming in more urban areas.


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N

ATURAL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F16

NaturalVeg

etation

t1 - nul v - syll, md

t2- nul v - m. Lul, aL


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NATUR

AL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F17

t2- nul v - C, nC

Natur

alVegetation

t4- nul v - s, FL


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ATURAL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F18

t4- nul v - ry bc, FL

NaturalVeg

etation


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NATUR

AL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F19

Surfa

ceLandscape

V. Surfac Landscap

t-Z: t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6 sl: m, Fl

C : $ sl: p, mu, g

mc: mu Cl: Cl, t, h

dy, mly W, W

A. Dscriptionsufc lc y l cly

over soil with no subterranean fltration system. Typical examples

include grass, shrubs, ower beds, and trees. The root systems o

these plants are the frst to absorb water rom runo, drainage,

or rain. They flter out some o the impurities beore the water

cl l.

B. UsSurace landscape is a diverse overland fltration tool. It is used

uu c z. t ul lc y

clly l. i u u, uly

fly f l wll c. i u t5 t6

z, ufc l y lc cl ufc

f ul, c l x .

sufc lc clly f cll

w l. F xu ffc,

l lc ul .

C. Costt l c f ufc lc y

and maturity o plants used. I the quality o the existing soil is

, y l c f ul f l.

D. Maintnancsufc lc lly x ; w-

, c l lc. W c

used, weeding and watering are usually required until the plantsc l.


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ATURAL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F20

SurfaceLandscape

t3 - sufc Lc - m. Lul, aL

t4 - sufc Lc - r, ily


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NATUR

AL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F21

Surfa

ceLandscape




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ATURAL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F22

SurfaceLandscape

t5 - sufc Lc -

r, ily

t5 - sufc Lc -

s, ga



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NATUR

AL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F23

VI. Constructd Wtland

t-Z: t2, t3 sl: Fl

C : $$$ sl: p, mu, g

mc: mu Cl: Cl, t, h

mly W, W

A. DscriptionWl ully w u l-

ylcl c. a cuc wl c c f ul wl ycl . a c-uc wl l y clly u u l w; y c w llw lyf w u f fll .

Wl c c y f c. s yly w w cllc. o c

c w w l cl ufc.A third type can be beneath the surace. This sub-surace ow

wl u ly llw w ow slowly beneath the surace. There the roots o wetland plants

u ly w help flter the remaining.

B. UsCuc wl l c ffc, -

termediate step or protecting water quality. Runo rom urban

f c x, c, l. s uff cuc wl, l clwater to enter waterways. The cleaner, fltered water benefts both

aquatic ecosystems and supplies o drinking water.

m cuc wl l scale to serve as a water treatment acility. Sub-surace ow

wl c u ll cl c pedestrian trafc, such as parks. They are integrated systems

c l ully ccu wl. C-uc wl c c cuy y wl uc

stormwater sheet ow and collecting sediment.

C. Costa cuc wl c u cuc

phase than other man-made water fltrations systems, such as a

typical sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Within a couple o months,

c f c f sbr y xc lwc f c f cuc wl

ccl cc.

D. Maintnanca cuc wl u ly uu

its lie. As part o the general operation, both the water quality

w ll f cuc wl u ul . dc c w ll c ul l c u. F l y, y cy ly. t cuc wl u l won a regular basis to to maximize capacity and ow.

Const

ructedWetland

Cu


24/48

N

ATURAL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F24

e. RsourcsC Cll mcl o. Cuc Wl

sul Lc. nw Y: J Wly & s, ic.,

1999: 82-86.

d guf, J a, s h C,

rc axl. i o sw t sy:

Cuc Wl. Uy f m: exsc, 2002.

n Cl d f Cl m. Wl: t

Fuc vlu Cl n Cl. rl,

n Cl: d f el nul

ruc (12 dc 2001).

ConstructedW

etland

t3 - Cuc Wl - h, sC

t3 - Cuc Wl - h, sC

Cu


25/48

NATUR

AL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F25

Bio-retentionSwale

VII. Bio-rtntion Swal

t-Z: t2, t3 sl: m, Fl

C : $$ sl: p, mu, g

mc: mu Cl: Cl, t, h

mly W, W

A. DscriptionBio-retention swales mimic the fltration properties o natural

. ty l c yclly lc jc

u uc w

sheet ow. The swale consists o a layer o sand beneath the soil

l w c. t f

porosity o the naturally occurring soil. Stormwater is fltered by

u . t w l

cl llu, uc , , l, yl, yc, . ty l

l u.

B. UsBio-retention swales have a rural character. They require

wu cu. ty t2

t3 c z jc u .

ty ul clly lc cu xu

u f u ufc uff. ty l c u

flter overow runo rom landscaped areas, such as lawns. Bio- wl ul u c c

ulc l. ty ul l -

. b- wl

kc l lc w l c f

c cl ufc.

C. Costill c f - wl ly x-

pensive. They require excavation, subterranean layers o sand,and specifcally selected plants. The use o indigenous vegetation

y lw c. i , c c ff y

uc f w cyc y.

D. MaintnancBio-retention swales require regular maintenance and inspec-

fllw l u f fll. t ly u

cl ul u f . t l f

u l ; l ul lc cy u fc f wl.

e. Rsourcsnw Jy sw b m pcc mul.

C 9.1 (Fuy 2004). nw Jy d f

el pc. .


26/48

N

ATURAL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F26

Bio-retention

Swale

t3 - b- swl - Cl L, ok - dl

t3 - b- swl - Cl L, ok - dl


27/48

NATUR

AL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F27

t3 - b- swl - Cl L, ok

Bio-retentionSwale

t3 - b- swl flw

ul - Cl L, ok


28/48

N

ATURAL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F28

t3 - b- swl - pl, or

Bio-retention

Swale

t3 - b- swl flw ul u y

u - Cl L - dl


29/48

NATUR

AL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F29

PurificationBiotope

VIII. PurifcationBiotope

t-Z: t2, t3, t4 sl: s, m, Fl

C : $$$ sl: p, mu, g

mc: h Cl: Cl, t, h

dy, mly W, W

A. Dscriptiona cy. t w u

l c fcl w f c

plants and animals. A purifcation biotope is an artifcially created

f w f c l c cl

stormwater. Water ows into the biotope and circulates through it

y y y f u. t l l,

along with layers o sand and gravel, flter the water. The water

llw c u, cllc cl uc wll c.

B. UsPurifcation biotopes should be used where natural vegetation

is not an option. They are exible in nature and can look natural or

f c w fu. ty

t2 u t4 c z, u c wll

ff y z. ty w wll l , ul

y w ccul. ty l

c f ll lz .

C. CostPurifcation biotopes are a relatively new, expensive tool in

stormwater management. Certain siting techniques, such as using

w l y, y ll c. t

c l . b c wu

u (l ) z c f

ul c llw.

D. MaintnancPurifcation biotopes are expensive to maintain. The pump

systems require regular maintenance. Sand and gravel flters need

cl clly l fc. t

plants, even when native species are used, require maintenance

ul y c l.

e. Rsourcsh dl d gu. nw Wc

: pl,

bul d w W. b: bu, 2001.

sw r, rl C e. J ml. Cluu,

o: mcgw-hll, 1995.

b.C. Wl J Wl. gw Cl W: nu

sllu W pllu. pcyu, m: Wl

el sc, 2001.

m. sclz. Wl sy Cl U ruff. oxf, Uk:

el scc, 2006.


30/48


31/48

NATUR

AL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F31

Green

Finger

IX. Grn Fingr

t-Z: t2, t3, t4, t5, t6 sl: s, m, Fl

C : $ sl: p, mu, g

mc: Lw Cl: Cl, t, h

dy, mly W, W

A. DscriptionA green fnger is an extension o a naturally occurring land-

c uz . ty xcll f

c ul . ty y x

y ul uu ,

intervention, such as a greenway. Green fngers usually ollow an

x ul uc c l xz

natural fltration capabilities.

Green fngers may be a combination o natural vegetation andufc lc. ty cc uff f u ufc

and are a type o overland fltration device. Root systems o the

plants flter some o the bacteria, sediment, and nutrients beore

w y l.

B. UsGreen fngers typically originate as natural vegetation in the

t1 c z w uy cc l

ul l . ty x u

f c z. ty y u c f , ul ul, f cc-

tions. They are especially eective or fltration when located

l ully ccu w .

C. CostGreen fngers are inexpensive when native species are used.

When they occur naturally, they are ree fltration devices that

c c y.

D. MaintnancGreen fngers require little to no maintenance when native

c u. tycl u, w,

w y cy ul ufc lc f

green fnger becomes established. Any natural area adjacent to

l ly f c c

l l.


32/48

N

ATURAL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F32

t3 - g F - h, sC

Green

Finger


33/48

NATUR

AL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F33

Green

Finger

t3 - g F - h, sC


34/48

N

ATURAL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F34

t3 - g F - vll, nC

Green

Finger


35/48

NATUR

AL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F35

Green

Finger

t3 - g F - al p, FL

t5 - g F - h, sC


36/48

N

ATURAL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F36

t6 - g F - r, ily

t6 - g F - vcu, C

Green

Finger


37/48

NATUR

AL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F37

Green

Roof

X. Grn Roof

t-Z: t2, t3, t4, t5, t6 sl: s, m, Fl

C : $$$ sl: p, mu, g

mc: mu Cl: Cl, t, h

dy, mly W, W

A. Dscriptionsucu w f ully c cu w

l ll. ty l w

l cu fll yclly u

areas. The building produces less sheet ow to be managed at

u ll. i , y c f f cuy,

u cl, ccul c, c.

B. Usbcu f ul ul,

f u t2, t3, t4, t5, t6 c z.

A roo garden may be planted on a at roo or a roo with a low

pitch. Roo gardens can use atypical gardening techniques, such

yc. t c f uc l-

ful c.

C. Maintnanct u f f l f l

clu l c. pl lc u

u c lc f cl.

D. Costt c f f c f

a roo. The structure requires additional support or the weight

f l. t f u wf

u w l ucu.

e. Rsourcsn b. t dw g U C. plz.

(26 July 2006).

U.s. el pc acy. g rf (W,

dC: Usepa, h il effc, oc. 2007). < ://www..

/l//f.l>


38/48

N

ATURAL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F38

t4 - g rf - ol, FL

Gree

nRoof

t4 - g rf - pl, or


39/48

NATUR

AL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F39

Green

Roof

t3 - g rf - F, scl


40/48


41/48

NATUR

AL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F41

RainG

arden

XI. Rain Gardn

t-Z: t3, t4 sl: m, Fl

C : $$ sl: mu, g

mc: mu Cl: Cl, t, h

mly W, W

A. Dscriptiona ully ccu

that temporarily retains water. It is planted with specifc vegeta-

tion to flter water beore it percolates back into the ground.

t f c w l l

also flters some metals, phosphates, sediment and debris rom the

w f l. t f l

l w u ccl fu w.

n c f f f u-lly lcl cl.

B. Usr l f c,

specifcally in the T3 and T4 zones. They are appropriate on

lc cl. r

. ty ul lc cllc -

uff, u y c cllc l lu

f cy. W cl ccly, y y c

wl f u w uc w. ty wwll w y y c c-

f lc. r ulc y w

lc w ulc c f y u. i wy,

y c, c f u cc f

c.

C. Costr ly x ll. muc f

l c x l. sy l

base and require little excavation as they absorb water rapidly.

Denser soils such as clay require more excavation and the addition

f l. Cly l lll

in rain gardens with the addition o pine fnes.

D. Maintnancr y u l c.

They require more maintenance during periods o heavy rainall.

Periodic replacement o the mulch and soil on the garden oor is

necessary to ensure fltering o the pollutants. Plants may occa-lly lc, u u f u l l

this signifcantly.

e. RsourcsWll F. hu ncy W. U Wwy: d r

g (b-r a). n Cl C

ex sc (Ju 2001). .

Cu


42/48

N

ATURAL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F42

W mc el ac Cucl. r g f W

mc. g r, mc: 2000-2008. .

RainGarden

t4 - r g - pc, Co

t3 - r g - Lc, tn

Cu


43/48

NATUR

AL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F43

RainG

arden

t3 - r g - L alu, ok

t3 - r g - dl


44/48


45/48

NATUR

AL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F45

XII.VegetativePurifcationBed

t-Z: t3, t4, t5 sl: m, Fl

C : $$ sl: mu, g

mc: mu Cl: Cl, t, W

mly W, W

A. DscriptionA vegetative purifcation bed treats and stores stormwater.

t f cyclcl w y

purifed water at the end o the process. A combination o plant

material, sand fltration, and cycling water through the media

purifes the water in the bed.

B. Us

t l u f w c w cl fly lw. ty u l

u f c. t c u

stormwater beore it reaches a drip irrigation feld or becomes

f y f ww.

C. Coste u ccl c f

complicated, they can be costly. The system requires careul

monitoring and proper installation. Installation also requires ad-

l fucu c wll. exc

c y y .

D. MaintnancVegetative purifcation beds require some maintenance be-

cu f ccl c. t , l, , w

returns, pumps, and ow must all work properly or water to be

treated. The two most important maintenance requirements are

preventing the growth o weedy, woody plants and ushing the

fu y.

e. Rsourcsh dl d gu. nw Wc: pl,

bul d w W. b: bu, 2001.

66-67, 94-97.

VegetativePurificationBe

d


46/48

N

ATURAL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F46

t5 - v pufc b - pl, or

VegetativePurific

ationBed

t3 - v pufc b - pl, or


47/48

NATUR

AL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

URBAN

CORe

T6


FILTRATION

F47

XIII. Watrscaps

t-Z: t4, t5, t6 sl: s, m, Fl

C : $$$ sl: p, mu, g

mc: h Cl: Cl, t, h

dy, mly W, W

A. Dscriptiona wc y f, l, f l

used to manipulate the ow o water. Many waterscapes involve

changes in elevation and direction o water ow. Ideally or Light

i u, wc wll c ul -

y. n l l uc

y. W

waterscape is fltered by one method or by several methods used in

c. o u f ul . a f w u ff l l l

ulc llu. e clx y l

aeration; some depend on the introduction o natural or artifcially

w c. t c f l -

signers with much exibility.

B. UsWc uully clly llfully .

They can be used to meander through spaces or to defne them.

They are oten the ocal point o civic spaces and squares. Manyc ly f cl. Wc -

u c z, t4 u t6, u

cc c lc. ty l -

l f u ly l . sc

the movement aerates the water, they provide fltration o the

w cllc.

ally, wc c u cl w

to storage. A sub-surace ow wetland, described in the con-

uc wl c y f wc ccu

ly uu. t c u u c l .

C. CostL l f wc f x;

c l fc. W wc ,

y c lu f y jc. Wc y

c f y jc, u w u ccly,

l c f cu.

D. MaintnancWaterscapes require regular maintenance or both aesthetic

and fltration purposes. The cost and regularity o the mainte-

nance depends on the complexity o the design and fltration sys-

. v u c c, u u f

native species reduces this need signifcantly. Any fltration device,

whether it is sand, gravel, or textile liner, requires periodic clean-

Water

scapes

Cu


48/48

N

ATURAL

T1

RURAL

T2

SUB-URBAN

T3

GeNeRAL

URBAN

T4

URBAN

CeNTeR

T5

AN e

FILTRATION cl. m clx ccl yl ul cl c.

e. Rsourcsh dl d gu. nw Wc: pl,

bul d w W. b: bu, 2001.

Waterscapes

Cu

Documents

Toolbox for Walter Filtration - Rain Gardens