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TOOL5100-CSCLTOOL5100-CSCLPresentation of 2 papersPresentation of 2 papers

by Jan Are Otnesby Jan Are Otnes

Stahl (2000): Stahl (2000): A Model of A Model of Collaborative Knowledge-Collaborative Knowledge-BuildingBuilding

Miao et al. (2005): Miao et al. (2005): CSCL CSCL Scripts –Modelling Features Scripts –Modelling Features and Potential Useand Potential Use2. March 2006

2Stahl (2000): A Model of Collaborative Knowledge-Building

Stahl (2000): Stahl (2000): A Model of A Model of Collaborative Knowledge-Collaborative Knowledge-

BuildingBuilding

Abstract/IntroductionAbstract/Introduction A Diagram of Personal and Social A Diagram of Personal and Social

Knowledge-BuildingKnowledge-Building Opportunities for Computer SupportOpportunities for Computer Support The Idea of a Computer System to The Idea of a Computer System to

Support the Knowledge-Building Support the Knowledge-Building ProcessProcess

ConclusionConclusion

3Stahl (2000): A Model of Collaborative Knowledge-Building

Abstract/IntroductionAbstract/Introduction The paper present a model of learning as a The paper present a model of learning as a

social processsocial process Individual minds in relation to socio-culturalIndividual minds in relation to socio-cultural Framework for the design of CSCL-SW Framework for the design of CSCL-SW

(KBE)(KBE) 5 theories of learning (Koschmann)5 theories of learning (Koschmann)

The paper incorporating insights from these The paper incorporating insights from these theories/philosophiestheories/philosophies

Multiple phases constitute a cycle => Multiple phases constitute a cycle => increasingly complex questions to be posedincreasingly complex questions to be posed

4Stahl (2000): A Model of Collaborative Knowledge-Building

A Diagram of Personal and A Diagram of Personal and Social Knowledge-BuildingSocial Knowledge-Building

5Stahl (2000): A Model of Collaborative Knowledge-Building

Opportunities for Computer Opportunities for Computer SupportSupport

Phase of knowledge building

Form of computer support

articulate in words articulation editor

public statements personal perspective

other people's public statements

comparison perspective

discuss alternatives discussion forum

argumentation & rationale argumentation graph

clarify meanings glossary discussion

shared understanding Glossary

negotiate perspectives negotiation support

collaborative knowledge group perspective

formalize and objectify bibliography discussion

cultural artefacts and representations

bibliography or other community repository

6Stahl (2000): A Model of Collaborative Knowledge-Building

The Idea of a Computer System to The Idea of a Computer System to Support the Knowledge-Building Support the Knowledge-Building

Process(1)Process(1)

A KBE should:A KBE should: go beyond a single-purpose system go beyond a single-purpose system retain a record of the knowledge that was retain a record of the knowledge that was

built upbuilt up And it should therefore probably be:And it should therefore probably be:

““built on asynchronous, persistent built on asynchronous, persistent collaborative technologies and be deployed collaborative technologies and be deployed on the Internet as a Web-based on the Internet as a Web-based environment”environment”

7Stahl (2000): A Model of Collaborative Knowledge-Building

A KBE should:A KBE should: Support several lifecycle phasesSupport several lifecycle phases Help people express their beliefs, discuss Help people express their beliefs, discuss

them with others, negotiate shared them with others, negotiate shared understandings + + +understandings + + +

Provide facilities like searching, browsing, Provide facilities like searching, browsing, filtering +++filtering +++

Significant difficulties but their Significant difficulties but their potential advantages seem potential advantages seem extraordinary!extraordinary!

The Idea of a Computer System to The Idea of a Computer System to Support the Knowledge-Building Support the Knowledge-Building

Process(2)Process(2)

8Stahl (2000): A Model of Collaborative Knowledge-Building

ConclusionConclusion

“The process model of knowledge-building presented in this paper provides a conceptual framework for the design, use and assessment of such systems”

“KBEs have the potential to provide computationally-supported communication media to facilitate this process that forms a centerpiece of the learning sciences.”

9Miao et al. (2005): CSCL Scripts –Modeling Features and Potential Use

Miao et al. (2005): Miao et al. (2005): CSCL CSCL Scripts –Modeling Features Scripts –Modeling Features

and Potential Useand Potential Use IntroductionIntroduction Part onePart one

Investigating the capacity of IMS LD for Investigating the capacity of IMS LD for formalizing Collaborative Learning Scriptsformalizing Collaborative Learning Scripts

An approach to formalize CSCL ScriptsAn approach to formalize CSCL Scripts CSCL script authoring toolsCSCL script authoring tools

Part twoPart two Potential uses and system support of CSCL Potential uses and system support of CSCL

scriptsscripts Conclusions and future workConclusions and future work

10Miao et al. (2005): CSCL Scripts –Modeling Features and Potential Use

Introduction(1)Introduction(1) Collaboration script is a set of instructions Collaboration script is a set of instructions

specifying how the group members should specifying how the group members should interact and collaborate to solve a problem. interact and collaborate to solve a problem. O’Donnell & Dansereau(1992)O’Donnell & Dansereau(1992) Internal or external representationsInternal or external representations

A CSCL-script is a computational A CSCL-script is a computational representation of a collaborative scriptrepresentation of a collaborative script

A general modelling language for A general modelling language for formalising collaboration scripts is missing.formalising collaboration scripts is missing.

No tool for CSCL practitioners to create, No tool for CSCL practitioners to create, reuse, integrate, and customize CSCL reuse, integrate, and customize CSCL scripts.scripts.

11Miao et al. (2005): CSCL Scripts –Modeling Features and Potential Use

Introduction(2)Introduction(2)

Existing learning process modelling language Existing learning process modelling language IMS-LD provides insufficient support to model IMS-LD provides insufficient support to model group-based, synchronous collaborative group-based, synchronous collaborative learning activities.learning activities.

Some attempts have been done to extend IMS-Some attempts have been done to extend IMS-LD, but still no good solutions.LD, but still no good solutions.

The aim for the research work presented in The aim for the research work presented in this paper is to develop a scripting language this paper is to develop a scripting language for formalising CSCL scripts and exploring for formalising CSCL scripts and exploring their potential types of usage and system their potential types of usage and system support possibilitiessupport possibilities

12Miao et al. (2005): CSCL Scripts –Modeling Features and Potential Use

Investigating the capacity of IMS Investigating the capacity of IMS LD for formalizing Collaborative LD for formalizing Collaborative

Learning ScriptsLearning Scripts MazeMaze script, strategies how to escape script, strategies how to escape Major difficulties and challenges in Major difficulties and challenges in

modelling:modelling: GroupsGroups ArtefactsArtefacts Dynamic featuresDynamic features Complicated control flowComplicated control flow Varied forms of social interactionVaried forms of social interaction

13Miao et al. (2005): CSCL Scripts –Modeling Features and Potential Use

An approach to formalize CSCL An approach to formalize CSCL ScriptsScripts

CSCL Scripting languageCSCL Scripting language

14Stahl (2000): A Model of Collaborative Knowledge-Building

An approach to formalize CSCL An approach to formalize CSCL ScriptsScriptsSolutionSolution

Explicitly introducing groupsExplicitly introducing groups Explicitly introducing artefactsExplicitly introducing artefacts Extending actions and expressionsExtending actions and expressions Introducing transitions and routing Introducing transitions and routing

activitiesactivities Using activity-centred methods to Using activity-centred methods to

assign rolesassign roles

15Miao et al. (2005): CSCL Scripts –Modeling Features and Potential Use

CSCL script authoring CSCL script authoring toolstools

16Miao et al. (2005): CSCL Scripts –Modeling Features and Potential Use

Potential uses and system Potential uses and system support of CSCL scriptssupport of CSCL scripts

System as Editor/ViewerSystem as Editor/Viewer Syntactical mapping to a visual/conceptual Syntactical mapping to a visual/conceptual

representationrepresentation Presentation of models in multiple perspectivePresentation of models in multiple perspective

Procedural/TemporalProcedural/Temporal ArtefactsArtefacts RolesRoles Individual/GroupIndividual/Group

Model-based predictionModel-based prediction SimulationSimulation Static configuration of the learning environmentStatic configuration of the learning environment Monitoring of the learning flowMonitoring of the learning flow Model-based scaffoldingModel-based scaffolding

17Miao et al. (2005): CSCL Scripts –Modeling Features and Potential Use

Conclusions and future Conclusions and future workwork

Stated five major limitations in IMS LD Stated five major limitations in IMS LD when formalising CSCL scriptswhen formalising CSCL scripts Suggested a scripting language for CSCL based Suggested a scripting language for CSCL based

on this, where these limitations are solvedon this, where these limitations are solved Discussed potential usages of CSCL scripts Discussed potential usages of CSCL scripts

and possibilities of system supportand possibilities of system support Developed two script authoring tools, based Developed two script authoring tools, based

on the CSCL scripting languageon the CSCL scripting language Currently focusing on testing the modelling Currently focusing on testing the modelling

capacity, real experiments will be conductedcapacity, real experiments will be conducted Will develop an integrated environment Will develop an integrated environment

later on.later on.

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Questions?Questions?