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Too Late to Apologize!. A Declaration. The Articles of Confederation. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. A unicameral Congress [9 of 13 votes to pass a law]. 13 out of 13 to amend. Could not tax or raise armies. No executive or judicial branches. State Claims to Western Lands. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Weaknesses of theArticles of
ConfederationA unicameral Congress [9 of 13 votes to pass a law].13 out of 13 to amend.Could not tax or raise armies.No executive or judicial branches.
State Claims to Western Lands
Land Ordinance of 1785
• $1 per acre with 640 acre mininimum• Raised $760,000 revenue in 4 years
The United States in 1787
Northwest (Land) Ordinance of 1787
Strategy for territories to become states. (60,000 pop. Minimum)
Guaranteed freedom of religion.
Guaranteed trial by jury.
Prohibited slavery in Northwest Territory
New states have equal status with 13Vermont-1791Kentucky-1792Tennessee-1796
Economic Problems41.2 million in debt including 7.9 in international debtDomestic debt reduced to 6 million, international debt increased to 10.2Negotiated commercial treaties with France, Sweden, Prussia, MoroccoFailed to solve tariff conflicts between statesFailed to solve paper currency abusesStates voted down tax requests
International ProblemsJay-Gardoqui Treaty accepted Spain’s closure of lower Mississippi in exchange for commercial treaty favorable to New EnglandUnable to get England reopen West Indies trade or accept imports (rice, indigo, tobacco)British flood U.S. with manufactured goodsTrade deficit=deflation=depression
American Exports, To & From Britain: 1783-1789
Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-7
• Former Continental soldiers not paid back pay
• Land confiscated when they can’t pay taxes
Shays’ Rebellion: 1786-7
There could be no stronger evidence of the want of energy in our governments than these disorders.-- George Washington
Annapolis Convention (1786)
12 representatives from 5 statesGOAL address barriers that limited trade and commerce between the states.Sent a report to the Congress to call a meeting of all the states to meet in Philadelphia to examine areas broader than just trade and commerce.
Constitutional ConventionWhat were the motives of our
Founding Fathers?To what extent was the Constitution a conservative reaction by “monied men” to their fear of the ordinary American citizen?What was the historical impact of the Great Compromise & the 3/5ths Compromise?
Federalist vs. Anti-FederalistStrongholds
Antifederalist Objections to Constitution
No Bill of RightsFear of abuse of centralized power & loss of state power, including executive branchConcern over federal power to tax, regulate trade, & raise armyFear of big states dominating small statesSlavery: Pro & anti groupsLack of democracy in elections
