TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 1 Be able to compare and position the main local industrial networks on the market Be

TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 1

Be able to compare and position the main local industrial networks on the market

Be familiar with and understand Schneider Electric's Networks policy for "Industry"

Introduction to local industrial networks

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Duration: 45 min. Expert, Training: Philippe WARINCreated by: AMEG

Quiz

Networks policy for "Industry"

Positioning of the main networks

Interconnection products

Main standards and concepts used

Communication criteria

Local industrial networks - Why use them?


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Local industrial networks - Why use them?Local industrial networks - Why use them?

WHY USE THEM?


- what is a local industrial network?

Serial link

Digital data

01


Not networked Networked

- lower installation costs


Digital speed

command 0 - 32767

Interference on

the value received

No interference onthe value received

NetworkedNot networked

Analogue speed

command 0-10 V

In the event of interference, the message can be

repeated

- less sensitivity to electromagnetic interference


- possibility of intelligence distribution

Additionof an optional cardfor remote automation

Configurationof localreflex actions


- accurate diagnostics in the event of a fault

Genericfault

Motoroverload fault

Not networked Networked


- easier replacement of defective equipment

OOS module


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COMMUNICATION CRITERIA


What distance?

Maximum message size?

Which language? Is it urgent?

What facility should I use?

Have you understood?

Number of correspondents?

One or more speakers?

Can I be replaced?

- to communicate...

When can I speak?

Who am I speaking to?

Do I have to sendinformation at regular intervals?

OSI Model: classification and organisation


Division into homogeneous and ordered subsets

ISO: International Standards Organization

OSI model: Open System Interconnection Seven-layer architecture

- the OSI model from ISO


PRESENTATION LAYER 6

APPLICATION LAYER 7

TRANSPORT LAYER 4

NETWORK LAYER

3

LINK LAYER 2

PHYSICAL LAYER

1

SESSION LAYER5

Standardisation of functions for interchangeability purposes

Hardware

Link controlMedium access control

Data routing

End-to-end routing control

Organisation and synchronisation of exchanges

Format conversion

Grammar - Semantics

PROFILE

- description of the OSI model


Medium: twisted pair, coaxial cable, optical fibre?

LINK

LAYER

2

1PHYSICAL

LAYER

APPLICATION

LAYER 7

PROFILE

Topology: bus, star, tree, grid?

Max. no. of devices: 2, 31, 64, 128?

Max. distance between devices: 100 m, 1 km, 15 km?

Medium access: master-slave, token ring, random access?

Addressing: address 1, 5, general distribution?

Transmission control: parity check, CRC, delimiters?

Flow control: NACK, XON-XOFF, inhibit time?

Language: Modbus, FMS?

Process data: Client-server, producer-consumercontent, periodicity?Service data: Accessible variables, max. size?

Interchangeability: EDS, GSD files?

- local industrial network criteria


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MAIN STANDARDS AND CONCEPTS USED


The main media used

Standard twisted pairs: RS232, RS422, RS485

The various topologies

LAYER 1: PHYSICAL


- the main media used

Most commonly used media:

speed distance electromagnetic immunity

The choice of MEDIA affects the:

pair(s) of shielded twisted wires

coaxial cables

optical fibre:

Cost

Low

High

Physicallayer 1


RS232:

Point-to-point link via 25-pin or 9-pin SUB-D connector. Distance < 15 m, speed < 20 Kbps

RS422: Full-duplex (simultaneous bidirectional) multi-drop bus on 4 wires. Good immunity to interference, maximum distance 1000 m at

100 Kbps. 2 transmission wires, 2 reception wires

RS485: Half-duplex (alternate bidirectional) multi-drop bus on 2 wires. Same electrical characteristics as RS422A but on 2 wires.

- standard twisted pairsPhysicallayer 1


- the various topologiesPhysicallayer 1

POINT-TO-POINT

STAR

TREE

GRID

RING

BUS

Example: PC - PLCconsole connector link

Example: PCs connected over Ethernet via a HUB

Example: CANopen, DeviceNet, Profibus-DP, FIPIO, Modbus RS485

Bypass Chaining

Line termination

resistors

Example: Used by Interbus

Example:Internet network

via routers

Example:Intranet network

via hubs and switches


LAYER 2: LINK

Main medium access methodsMaster - SlaveToken RingRandom access

Addressing

Transmission quality control

Character level parity check

Message validity check using a control word

Message format check using delimiters

Flow control Transparent for the user,

with the exception of

addressing


- medium accessLink

layer 2

When it’s my turn

When the master invites me to speak

When no-one else is speaking

When can I speak?

Master - Slave

Token Ring

Random access

Destructive collision: CSMA-CDNon-destructive collision: CSMA-CA


Linklayer 2

The master grants access to the medium

The slave can access the medium after being polled by the master

Master Slave

Polling

Do you have anything to say?

Response

Nothing to declare!

Used by Asi, FIPIO, Modbus, Profibus-DP and Uni-Telway

Can be used on CANopen and DeviceNet (by configuration)

- the Master-Slave system


- Token RingLink

layer 2

Ring: the members of a ring are authorised to send data upon receipt of the token.

Token: a group of bits passed from one node to another in ascending order of address.

Address 1

Address 2

Address 3

Address 4

Used by Modbus Plus


Data can be transmitted as soon as a silence is detected.

2 types of collision:

destructive

non-destructive

Each device "listens" whilst it transmits

If the data received is different from the data sent, a collision occurs

Linklayer 2 - random access


- random access with destructive collisionsLink

layer 2

Step-by-step operation in the event of a collision:

any messages in the course of transmission are stopped

a scrambling frame is sent: the frame is lost

a random wait time is observed

the message is resent

Stop

CSMA-CD = Carrier Sense Multiple Access - Collision Detection

Principle used by Ethernet and known as CSMA-CD


Linklayer 2 - random access with non-destructive

collisions

The message remains valid, due to a system of dominant and recessive bits

• the device with the lower priority stops its transmission (recessive bit)

• the device with the higher priority completes its transmission

• the device with the lower priority tries to send its message again as soon as the medium is free

CSMA-CA = Carrier Sense Multiple Access - Collision Avoidance

Principle used by CANopen and DeviceNet and known as CSMA-CA

StopDominant Recessive


- addressingLink

layer 2

Advantys FTB interface

Lucy

Fred

Address 77

x10 x1

Who am I speaking to?

A group


Address ChecksumDataFunctionSOF EOF

Address = 77

If a message is intended for all the devices: General distribution or Broadcasting

Example using a Modbus frame

Linklayer 2 - example of addressing

Use of reserved address values: 0, 255.

Cannot be configured on the devices


Got it!

I didn't hear the end of the sentence

Have you understood?

Welding station

- transmission quality controlLink

layer 2

Character level parity checkMessage validity check

using a control wordMessage format check using delimiters


- character level parity checkLink

layer 2

Address Control wordDataFunctionSOF EOF


1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 Parity 1

Address = 77 includes 4 bits at 1

Even number of bits at 1Odd number of bits at 1

Bit 0Start Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Parity Start

Address

0Even parity 1Odd parity


Linklayer 2 - message validity check using a control word

Examples : Checksum

CRC = Cyclic Redundancy Check

LRC = Longitudinal Redundancy Check

Address Control wordDataFunctionSOF EOF


Field containing a value calculated from a block of bits and

used to check the validity of the whole message.


- message format check using delimiters


Additional transmission

quality checks

Address ChecksumDataFunctionSOF EOF

Standard information inserted in each message to delimit

different fields: start, end, etc.

Linklayer 2


- flow control

Wait, let me finish!!!

NACK = Not acknowledged

XON-XOFF

Inhibit Time

Linklayer 2


Messaging

Data Types

Client-Server system

Producer-Consumer system

Process data

Service data

Traffic types

Cyclic exchanges

Acyclic exchanges

LAYER 7: APPLICATION

Applicationlayer 7


Applicationlayer 7 - messaging

English?

French?

Italian?

Which language shall we use?

Messaging systems:

Modbus

UNI-TE

FMS

Messaging:

Client - Server


Applicationlayer 7 - Client-Server system

Response

Straight away, Madame

Request

Would you bring the bill please?

The CLIENT is an entity requesting a service

The SERVER is the entity that responds to a request from a client

Client Server

Used by Modbus, UNI-TE, FMS, etc.

Request

Can you put itinto reverse?

Response

It’s in reverse

Request

What is the engine speed?

Response

1000 rpm


The PRODUCER is a single entity that produces information

The CONSUMER is an entity that uses it (several entities can use the same information).

Consumer 1

Maybe I'll goto the cinema

Consumer 2

It's time for my match

Producer

It's 13:51

Applicationlayer 7 - Producer-Consumer system

Used by CANopen and DeviceNet

Producer

Speed = 1200 rpm

Consumer 1

I am changing my speed to 1200 rpm

Consumer 2

I display the speed


Applicationlayer 7 - data types

Process data Service data

Monitoring - Control Configuration - Settings - Diagnostics

Low volume of data

Quickly refreshed at regular intervalsor on change of state

Large volume of data

Sent at startupor in the event of a problem

No time constraint


Applicationlayer 7 - traffic types

Cyclic exchanges Acyclic exchanges

Used for process data Used for service data

At startup, the configuration and settings data is automatically

transmittedRefreshed automatically

2 word tables: inputs and outputs If required, activation via programming, in the case of settings

or diagnostics data


Open system

Profile

EDS files

PROFILE

Profile


Achieved through strict adherence to profile specifications.

Achieved through strict adherence to protocol specifications.

An open system = interoperable and interchangeable components

Interoperability = ability of devices to communicate intelligibly with one another

Interchangeability = ability to replace one device with another

Profile - open system


Dark hair, brown eyes,25 years old 5' 6" 9 stone 4 lb

Blond hair, blue eyes,15 years old 5' 3" 8 stone

Brown hair, green eyes8 years old 4' 3" 5 stone

Can you take my place?

Profile - device profile

An EDS file is an example

Profile = is a standardised way of describing the functions of a device


Profile - EDS file

EDS = Electronic Data Sheet ---> Strict syntax

On floppy disk or CD-ROM - Downloadable

Used by network configuration software

For Profibus-DP: EDS = GSD

Configuration Tool Device

Network

Configuration Data

Deviceinformation

Electronic DataSheet

ApplicationsObjects


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INTERCONNECTION PRODUCTS



Repeater

Hub

Transceiver

Switch

Bridge

Router

Gateway

Length - Number of devices

Physical medium adaptation

Length - Number of devices - Collisions

Lower layer adaptation

Connection between networksof the same type

Connection between networksof different types

- improvement or adaptation of network specifications

Physicallayer 1

Linklayer 2

Networklayer 3

Applicationlayer 7


- repeater

RepeaterCan be used to increase the length and the number of devices that can be connected by adding a new segment

Signal amplifier

1 1

Segment 2Segment 1

Example: ASi repeaterReference: XZMA1Connected to a flat cable by means of a vampire connector


- hub

Hub

1 1 1 1

Can be used to increase the length and the number of devices by adding several segments. 1 device per segment.

Star topology.

It amplifies a signal received on a port and sends it to all the other ports

Example:4-port 10 Mbps Ethernet hub RJ45 Reference: 499NEH104104 x 10baseT


- transceiver

TransceiverCan be used to adapt different types of physical media.

Signal converter.

1 1

Segment 2Segment 1

Example:Ethernet twisted pair - fibre optic transceiver 100 Mbps Reference: 499NTR10100

Conversion 100baseTX (RJ45) - 100baseFX (SC)


- switch

Switch

1

Can be used to increase the length and the number of devices byadding several segments.

Star topology.

When a message is received, the receiver's address is analysed and sent to the corresponding port.

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

Example:8-port 10/100 Mbps Ethernet switchReference: 499NES18100

8 x 10baseT / 100baseTX (RJ45)


- bridge

Bridge

Can be used to connect two networks using the same application layer but different lower layers1 1

Network 2Network 1

2 2

Example:Modbus Ethernet TCP-IP / Modbus serial link bridgeReference: 174CEV30010Ethernet interface: 1 x 10baseT = RJ45Modbus interface: RS232 or RS485 on RJ45 or screw terminals


- router

Router

Can be used to route information between networks using the same application layer

Mainly used by the Internet via IP addresses2 2

Network 2Network 1

3 3

1 1

Example:Allied Data Ethernet router


- gateway

Gateway

Can be used to connect two networks of completely different types

2 2

Network 2Network 1

7 7

1 1Requires software configuration

Example:Profibus-DP - Modbus serial link gateway Reference: LUFP7Profibus-DP interface (slave): 9-pin SUB-DModbus interface (master): RS485 on RJ45


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POSITIONING OF THE MAIN NETWORKS



Classification of local networks

Positioning of the main networks on the market

Comparison of the main characteristics

- networks available on the market


- classification of local networks

RESPONSETIME

REQUIRED

1 ms

1 s

1minute

1 bit

AMOUNTOF DATA TO BETRANSMITTED

1 Kbps

1 Mbps Information System

PC - Servers

Level 3Company

Data bus

Level 2Workshop

Field bus

Production managementSupervision

PLCs - GUI

Level 1Machines

Device bus

Monitoring and control

Variable speed drivesAutomation islands

Reaction detection

Digital actuators sensors

Level 0Components

Sensor busN x bits in N x ms

N x words in N x 10 ms

Files in N x seconds

N x 10 words in N x 100 ms


- positioning of the main networks

Sensor bus

Device bus

Field bus

Data bus

AS

i

Ser

iple

x

Pro

fib

us

-FM

S

FIP

WA

Y

Mo

db

us

Plu

s

Eth

ern

et

CA

No

pen

Dev

iceN

et

Inte

rbu

s

Pro

fib

us

-DP

FIP

IO

Mo

db

us

LS


- comparison of physical layer characteristics

321 master and

31 slaves512

1 manager +126 devices

Mono orMulti-masters122 devices

max

64 I/O scanning and

Modbus

641 master and

63 slaves

127devices

included master

ASi V1: 1 master + 31 slaves

ASi V2: 1 master + 62 slaves

Max. number of devices

up to 19200 bps500 Kbps1 Mbps9.6 Kbps to

1 Mbps10/100Mbps

125, 250 or 500 Kbps

9 possible speeds from 10 Kbps to

1 Mbps166 KbpsSpeed

Depends on the type of repeater

12.8km15km 400 to 4800m acc. to speed

10km optical fibreDepends on the type of repeater

Depends on the type of repeater

300mMax. distance with repeaters

1300m400m

1000 m twisted pair

3000 m optical fibre

Acc. to speed:100m to 12Mbps1.2km to 10Kbps

Twisted pair 100mOptical fibre 2000m

Acc. to speed:100m to 500Kbps500m to 125Kbps

Acc. to speed:25m to 1 Mbps1km to 10 Kbps

100m

Max. distance without

repeaters

Shielded twisted pairs

Double shielded twisted pairs

Shielded twisted pair

Optical fibre


Optical fibre

Coaxial cable : 10 base2 - 10 base5 Shielded twisted pair10 baseT-10 baseTX

Optical fibre10 baseF-10 baseFX

Double shielded twisted pairs


Yellow flat ribbon cable

Round unshielded cable

Round shielded cable

Medium

ModbusInterbusFIPIOProfibus-DPEthernetTCP/IP

ModbusDeviceNetCANopenASi


- comparison of link and application layer characteristics

ASi CANopen DeviceNetEthernetTCP/IP

ModbusProfibus-DP FIPIO Interbus Modbus

Medium access method

Master Slaves

CSMA/CA CSMA/CA CSMA/CDToken ring

and master/slaves

Bus managerMaster Slaves

Single frame

Master Slaves

Type and size of data exchanged

ASi V1:Cyclic: 4 IN bits

4 OUT bitsAcyclic: 4 P bits

ASi V2:Cyclic: 4 IN bits

3 OUT bitsAcyclic: 3 P bits

Cyclic I/O: PDO8 IN bytes

8 OUT bytes

Acyclic: SDOParam./adjust.>8 bytes due to

fractioning of information

Cyclic I/O:I/O messages

8 IN bytes8 OUT bytes

or >8 if fragmentation

Acyclic:Explicit messages

Param./adjust. >8 bytes due to

fractioning of information

Cyclic I/O:I/O scanning125 IN words

125 OUT words

Acyclic:Param./adjust.

via asynchronous messaging 507

words

Cyclic I/O:PZD

244 IN words244 OUT words

PKW = 1 word at once

Cyclic I/O:32 IN words

32 OUT words

Acyclic:Param.= 30

wordsAdust. = 30

words

Cyclic I/O:256 I/O words

Acyclic:256 words via fragmentation

Acyclic variables1920 bits120 words


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Basic principles of the strategy

Schneider's Core Networks

Legacy and Connectivity Networks

Definitions

- Schneider Electric's Networks policy for" Industry " market


CORE NETWORKS

Networks targeted and preferred by Schneider Electric

LEGACY NETWORKS

Networks "inherited" and subject to historical constraints

CONNECTIVITY NETWORKS

Networks used to meet market requirements

- definitions


Main principles:

Policy of openness

Commitment to Internet technologies

Commitment to support Legacy networks

Ability to meet specific market needs

- basic principles of the strategy

Use of non-proprietary international standards for the core networks

Our network strategy must reinforce our leadership in the field of Web automation

Gradual migration from old to new networks

Use of third-party solutions for Connectivity networks


- Schneider Electric's Core networks

Device bus

Field bus

Data bus

Sensor busASi

CANopen

Automation island internal bus

Ethernet TCP-IPModbus

Modbus RS485


LEGACY NETWORKS

FIPIO, Modbus Plus, SeriplexAs long as they provide technical advantages

CONNECTIVITY NETWORKS

DeviceNet, Profibus-DP, Interbus...Pragmatic approach via a third-party solution to meet the market needs of different countries

- Legacy and Connectivity Networks


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QUIZ

Quiz


A local industrial network is a system which allows to exchange data between industrial equipments Over a parallel link Over a digital serial link Over analog values exchanges

Submit Clear


Which type of topology is used on CANopen, DeviceNet, Profibus-DP and FIPIO ?

Ring Tree Bus Star Grid

Submit Clear


What is the OSI model ?

A standardization system which allows to evaluate the network quality

A coding standard for alphanumeric characters A 7 layers model dedicated to communication networks

Submit Clear


Medium access control - Link control - Which layer ?

Physical layer Link layer Application layer

Submit Clear


What is the good description of a RS485 link ?

Point to point link - 15 meters Multi-drop bus - Full-Duplex - 1000 meters Multi-drop bus - Half-Duplex - 1000 meters

Submit Clear


ASi : which definition ?

1 manager - 127 slaves 1 master - 62 slaves Multi-masters - 122 devices maximum

Submit Clear


Which networks can run on 1 Mbits/s

ASi CANopen Interbus Profibus-DP FIPIO Modbus

Submit Clear


A gateway allows

To extend the network length To connect 2 network segments usind 2 different mediums To connect 2 networks of different types To reduce the collision numbers

Submit Clear


What is a core network in the Schneider environment ?

A network using coaxial cable A targeted network in the Schneider automation architectures A network meeting a bus topology

Submit Clear


What are the Schneider core networks ?

ASi - CANopen (STB internal bus) - FIPWAY ASi - FIPIO - Ethernet TCP-IP Modbus ASi - CANopen (STB internal bus) - Ethernet TCP-IP Modbus ASi - Modbus Plus - Ethernet TCP-IP Modbus

Submit Clear


Quiz Results

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Documents

TOLED Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004 1 Be able to compare and position the main local industrial networks on the market Be