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TOHONO 'O'ODHAM-ENGLISH DICTIONARY

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe data collection work for the dictionary was sponsored by the Franciscan Province of St Barbara. During the two years I spent at the Covered Wells Mission in Arizona (from 1958 to 1960) my principal respondent was Jose Pancho from Santa Rosa. During the next few years I went over the data with the help of Lena Antone from Covered Wells, who was staying with me in Los Angeles. The entries for the dictionary were typed up by Kenneth Hill, then a student at UCLA. In the early 70'ies the dictionary was published in two volumes by Indiana University Press, under the title of A Dictionary of Papago Usage. The project of putting the dictionary on the internet was initiated in the early 2000 by Drs Michael T Hammond and Ofelia Zepeda, at the University of Arizona. Two students, Mizuki Miyashita and Laura Moll did the scanning of volume I and a part of volume II. Dr Terrence Langendoen let them use his lab to do the work. The project was abandonned for a while and started anew by Dr Colleen M Fitzgerald and her students, first at Texas Tech University, in Lubbock, TX, then, at the University of Texas at Arlington. The students who worked on scanning the pages of the dictionary include: Katelyn Anderson, Jared Hoover, Nathan Jahnke, Kristen Jones and principally Dr Pat Perez. I corrected the scanned text under the generous auspices of the Department of Linguistics, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York.

Madeleine Mathiot Professor emerita

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ABBREVIATIONS(For the grammatical significance of the abbrevitions used here, see the Grammatical Outline in Volume I of A Dictionary of Papago Usage, pp.29-134)

Adj Adv aggreg alien anim assim of* Comp Compl: concurs Conj contr of* Correl: def dial: dissim of * disson of * Distr, distr dtr Dur: elis of * Engl: ex: Excl, Exclam Expr hort immed: imper: inalien inanim in indef indiv instr:

Adjective Adverb aggregate status alienable status animate status assimilated form of* Compound Completive concursive Conjunction contracted form of * Correlative definite dialectal variant dissimilated form of* dissonant form of * distributive double transitive Durative elided form of * English example(s) Exclamation Expression hortative immediative imperative impers impersonal inalienable status inanimate status included in indefinite individual status instrumental

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Interr: intr loc mass mass o met of * Mod mult N Neutr: Num obj Part pers pl pl/distr plo pls Postp Pr pron: Quant redupl of *-reflex Repet: s semi Stat sg sgo sgs sing Span: Stat subst tr Unit V

interruptive intransitive locative mass status object with mass status metathesized form of * Modifier multiple Noun Neutral Numeral object Particle person plural plural/distributive plural object plural subject Postposition/Preposition Pronoun pronounced Quantifier reduplicated form of *-reflexive Repetitive subject semi stative singular singular object singular subject single Spanish Stative verb substitute transitive unitive verb

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SPELLING SYMBOLS Consonants: p as in pilka= wheat b as in ban= cayote t as in ta= sun d as in da:k= nose as in taai= road runner c as in cucul= chicken j as in jisk= aunt k as in kakaicu= quail g as in gogs= dog ' as in ce'ul= willow tree v as in vopo= down s as in si:s= older sister as in u:k= shoes h as in kahio= leg m as in makai= medicine man n as in na:k= ear as in uv= owl as in ca: go= monkey l as in lo:ba= material y as in ya:v= key

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Vowels: Short a as in 'a'al= children e as in 'ea= inside i as in ci= mouth as in bav= beans o as in 'on= salt u as in 'uv= young female o: as in vo:g= road u: as in 'u:s= stick, pole Long a: as in ha:l= squash e: as in je:= to smoke i: as in vi:b= milk

A NOTE ABOUT COMPOUNDS It is important to know whether a multi-stem nominal lex ical unit is a compund or an expression, for two reasons: (1) placement of the person markers. Thus -ha'icu-'a:ga my story ha'icu-'a:ga-j his/her story but -'u:vis=ga navait my wine 'u:vis=ga-j navait his/her wine or gogs -oiga my pet dog gogs oiga-j his/her pet dog (2) presence versus absence of link before locatives. Thus Ju:kam-Jevu-c-'e in Mexico, 'u:s-onjun-t-'ab on/against the stake but kokdam haki: 'ab at the hospital

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A note about the spelling

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VOLUME I

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babad/ babgacud ba-

babad N aggreg [distr: babbad]: frog babadag s-Stat impers Unit (for Distr see s-babbadag): to be full of frogs in onelocation ex: Sbabadag ha'icu mhiosigga 'ea. There are lots of frogs in your flowers.

babaicu see Postp ba'icu= on the throat babaicud Vdtr Repet (for Unit see ba'icud): to make somebody swallow somethingrepeatedly ex: Cum hekid ha'icu babaicud. He always makes me swallow something (a pill).

babbad see N babad= frog babbadag s- Stat impers Distr (for Unit see s-babadag): to be full of frogs in severallocations

babbas see N ba:bas= potatoes babbhe Vintr Repet (for Unit see baha) [Neutr: indef babbhe. Dur: babbhe-d. lnterr:babbe-him]: to ripen repeatedly ex: Cum hekid babbhe. They ripen repeatedly (every year). Vo babbhed g bahidag. My fruits will be ripening repeatedly (year after year). Babbehim 'o. It has been ripening repeatedly (year after year).

babe/baba Vtr Repet (for Unit see ba'a) [Neutr: indef babe/baba. Dur: babe-d/baba-d.Interr: babe-him]: to swallow obj repeatedly ex: Pt o hema babed ves 'o:la 'e. You will swallow one (pill) every hour.

babe Vreflex: to swallow one's saliva repeatedly (as when one is hungry)ex: 'I 'i(