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8/12/2019 Together We Shout (PIP Assessment Consultation)
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wehresphrth`us.nrb.uc
\nbetfer Re Pfnut
\fe Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank
tn tfe Bnverkgekt @nksuithtank nk Hssessgekts
onr Zersnkhi Aklepeklek`e Zhygekts
Phg Dhrkett-@nrgh`c DP` GP`
Phrhf @hgpdeii DP` ZfL Detfhk Gnrras
Oankh Ka`fnisnk GH(@hkthd) Zhgeih Ptn`c
Ptevek Pugpter DP`(Fnks) Mhke Qnukb IID(Fnks)
ZB@ert(Lashdaiaty Ptulaes)
Hprai 4:84
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H`cknwielbegekts
\fas ln`ugekt `nuil knt fhve deek prnlu`el watfnut tfe suppnrt hkl
akvnivegekt no ghky penpie, ak`iulakb tfe hutfnrs hkl elatnrs no tfe
wehresphrth`us.nrb.uc buales tn tfe prnpnshis, hii no tfe lashdiel
penpie hkl tfear hiiaes nk nur onrugs, hkl hii tfnse wfn wnrcel tn sprehl
hwhrekess no tfe ZAZ hssessgekt `nksuithtank. Zhrta`uihr tfhkcs tn tfnse wfn
fhve prnvalel te`fka`hi suppnrt tn ekhdie us tn lrhw akput orng sn ghky penpie.
Re wnuil hisn iace tn tfhkc tfe waler `nggukaty no lashdaiaty h`tavasts, hklespe`ahiiy tfe GZs hkl Zeers wfn strave tn upfnil tfe rabfts no lashdiel penpieak Zhriahgekt.
a
8/12/2019 Together We Shout (PIP Assessment Consultation)
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@nktekts
H`cknwielbegekts a
@nktekts aa
Onrewnrl av
8 Aktrnlu`tank 88.8 Hdnut wehresphrth`us.nrb.uc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8.4 Fnw we `nksuitel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4 Cey Te`nggeklhtanks 0
0 Hkswers tn Xuestanks 84
0.8 Xuestank 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
0.8.8 Pabka`hkt Assues Knt @hpturel Dy \fe Pe`nkl Lrhot @raterah . . . . . . . . . . 84
0.8.4 H tavaty 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
\fere as `nksalerhdie oeeiakb tfht tfese `raterah hre knt sagpie nr strhabftonrwhrl. 66.8% no respnkl-ekts lashbreel watf tfe sthtegekts tfe hssessgekt `raterah onr Lhaiy Iavakb ak ZAZ hre ehsy tn uklersthkl
hkl hppiy, 5:.:% lashbreeakb strnkbiy3 nkiy 4.:% hbreel watf tfe sthtegekt.
0.8.8 Pabka`hkt Assues Knt @hpturel Dy \fe Pe`nkl Lrhot @raterah
Re fhve onukl twn hrehs tfht nur lhth iehls us tn deiaeve hre prndiegs experaek`el dy ghky lashdiel
penpie, dut tfht hre knt `hpturel dy tfe se`nkl lrhot ZAZ `raterah, hkl hre knt `inseiy eknubf reihtel tn
exastakb h`tavataes tn de hllressel dy h sagpie hlmustgekt no hky h`tavaty. \fey hre hs oniinws=
8. H keel onr bekerhi supervasank, su`f hs ak penpie ht rasc no seio-fhrg nr deakb ukhwhre no fhzhrls.
4. H keel onr suppnrt ak whcakb up hkl bettakb up nr bnakb tn del hkl bnakb tn sieep.
\fere as hisn tfe assue no kabft-tage keels tfht hre knt `nverel dy hky no tfe exastakb les`raptnrs,
su`f hs kabft-tage supervasank nr keelakb tn de turkel lurakb tfe kabft. Fnwever, we deiaeve tfht snge
no tfese assues `hk de seek hs phrt no tfnse iastel hdnve, hkl tfnse tfht hre knt waii nverwfeigakbiy n``ur
nkiy ak aklavaluhis wfn s`nre fabfiy ak severhi ntfer h`tavataes.
Re uklersthkl tfht tfe Lephrtgekt waii de reiu thkt tn hll hky kew h`tavataes. Fnwever, dntf no
tfese hrehs nr no vathi agpnrthk`e. Bekerhi supervasank as h ghtter no persnkhi shoety, wfaie sieepakb hkl
84
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank 80
whcakb ht hpprnprahte tages as vathi tn ghaktekhk`e no fehitf hkl ekbhbegekt ak sn`aety. Ourtfergnre,
dntf hre expeksave tn prnvale.
@nksaler tfe `hse no h persnk watf sabka`hkt gekthi fehitf prndiegs iehlakb tn seio-fhrg hkl sua-
`alhi alehtank. \fe bekerhi hpprnh`f as tfht penpie watf su`f `nklatanks hre suppnrtel ak tfe `nggukaty
wferever pnssadie. At as uk`iehr ao h bekerhi keel onr supervasank waii t tfe les`raptnrs onr supervasankak spe`a` h`tavataes3 evek ao tfey ln, tfe pnakts bhakel dy supervasank hkl feip watf gela`htanks (tn pre-
vekt nverlnse) hre nkiy 2 pnakts= H`tavaty 8 les`raptnr E (< pnakts), H`tavaty 0 les`raptnr D (8 pnakt) hkl
H`tavaty < les`raptnr E (4 pnakts). \fas as knt eknubf tn bave ektatiegekt tn evek tfe Pthklhrl rhte no tfe
Lhaiy Iavakb `ngpnkekt. Re re`nbkase tfht s`nrakb pnakts onr bekerhi supervasank ukler Lhaiy Iavakb
ghy iehl tn lnudie s`nrakb3 tfas `nuil de hiievahtel dy `ihraoyakb tfe use no supervasank les`raptnrs ak
ntfer Lhaiy Iavakb h`tavataes hs nkiy hppiyakb tn supervasank hdnve hkl deynkl wfht h `ihaghkt requares
bekerhiiy. Re re`nggekl tfe hllatank no h kew h`tavaty, nr snge onrg no knk-ouk`tankhi s`nrakb,
dhsel nk tfe keel onr bekerhi supervasank. H pnssadie set no les`raptnrs onr tfas h`tavaty as sfnwk
ak thdie0.8. No knte as tfht we re`nggekl tfht tfe requaregekt onr `nktakuhi nr kehr-`nktakuhi
gnkatnrakb tfrnubfnut eatfer tfe lhy nr tfe kabft bave ektatiegekt tn tfe Pthklhrl rhte no tfe
Lhaiy Iavakb `ngpnkekt, hkl su`f gnkatnrakb deakb requarel tfrnubfnut dntf lhy hkl kabft baveektatiegekt tn tfe Ekfhk`el rhte no tfe Lhaiy Iavakb `ngpnkekt.
\hdie 0.8= Pubbestel les`raptnrs reihtel tn h keel onr bekerhi supervasank
H Tequares kn supervasank deynkl tfht requarel onr spe`a` h tavataes ak tfas hssessgekt :
D Tequares gnkatnrakb, akvnivakb tfe pfysa`hi presek`e no hkntfer persnk, deynkl supervasank
requarel onr spe`a` h`tavataes ak tfas hssessgekt, ht iehst nk`e h lhy tn eksure shoety
4
@ Tequares gnkatnrakb, akvnivakb tfe pfysa`hi presek`e no hkntfer persnk, deynkl supervasank
requarel onr spe`a` h`tavataes ak tfas hssessgekt, repehteliy lurakb tfe lhy
Re re`nggekl tfht h lao`uity usakb h typa`hi whast
feabft wnrc suroh`e nr fnd de `nksalerel ak tfe hssessgekt no H`tavaty 8. H suathdiy hlhptel
cat`fek hkl hppiahk`es ghy de `nksalerel hk hal, dut sfnuil de bavek brehter `nksalerhtank tfhk
hals ak bekerhi, hs tfey represekt `nksalerhdie `nst.
Pagaihriy, tfe restra`tank no `nncakb getfnl tn h fnd seegs hrdatrhry, hkl wfek thcek watf tfe hs-
sugptank no whast-ievei prephrhtank reakonr`es tfe aktektank no hvnalakb hky `nksalerhtank no lao`uity
deklakb. Nvek `nncakb as notek gnre suathdie onr penpie watf `erthak agphargekts, hs at bekerhiiy re-
quares iess starrakb hkl `fe`cakb no `nncakb prnbress. Re re`nggekl tfht tfe Lephrtgekt strnkbiy
`nksaler hwhrlakb pnakts ak H`tavaty 8, perfhps tfe shge hs hwhrlel onr ga`rnwhve use, onr deakb
ukhdie tn use eatfer h fnd nr hk nvek. At wnuil knt de rehsnkhdie tn hssuge tfht tfe nvek were ht
nr hdnve whast feabft.
@nksalerakb tfe questank no whast feabft tnbetfer watf tfe questank no ekl-tn-ekl prephrhtank no hgehi, at de`nges phrta`uihriy agpnssadie tn hssuge hii phrts no tfas h`tavaty thce pih`e ht nr hdnve whast
feabft. Re re`nggekl tfht tfe Bnverkgekt h``ept tfht h lao`uity deklakb sfnuil pntektahiiy
resuit ak hwhrlakb snge pnakts onr H`tavaty 8, tn represekt tfe rhraty no h cat`fek ak wfa`f hii
uteksais hkl onnls hre stnrel ht nr hdnve whast feabft. Rfere h `ihaghkt fhs su`f h cat`fek,
leiaderhteiy hrrhkbel ak nrler tn hvnal deklakb, we re`nggekl tfht tfas de `nksalerel hk hal.
Re hre `nk`erkel tfht tfe sephrhtank no tfe prephrhtank hkl `nksugptank no h gehi aktn twn h`tavataes
ghy iehl tn tfe hssessgekt abknrakb tfe oh`t tfht tfese twn evekts bekerhiiy n``ur ak qua`c su``essank.
Zenpie suooerakb orng vhranus agphargekts ghy de hdie tn `nnc onnl nk`e h lhy, watfnut `nksalerhdie
agph`t nk tfe lhy hs h wfnie, dut de tnn ohtabuel, khusenus nr sagaihr tn tfek eht tfe onnl tfey prephrel.
Re re`nggekl tfht at de ghle phrta`uihriy `iehr tfht h persnk gust de hdie tn `ngpiete tfas
h`tavaty hkl tfek de ak h t sthte tn `nksuge tfe gehi.
\fere as walesprehl `nk`erk tfht les`raptnr @ waii de hppiael wfere h persnk `hk feht up pre-
prephrel onnl, su`f hs h rehly-gehi, ak h ga`rnwhve nvek=
Qes `nncakb fhs de`nge re fehtakb, dut ynu `hkt iave nk ga`rnwhve onnls,at wnuil `nst tn gu`f gnkey hkl ghce ynu sa`cer, `nncakb keels tn ak`iule
usakb hk nvek hkl braii hs weii hs fnd hkl ga`rnwhve
Re ln knt deiaeve tfht tfas as tfe aktekt no tfas h`tavaty, dut we ln knt oeei at as `iehr eknubf tn de sure
tfht at waii knt de hppiael ak tfas why. Rfaie we uklersthkl tfht tfe aktekt ak tfe pfrhsakb no tfas les`raptnrghy fhve deek tn de `iehr tfht at as reihtel nkiy tn hdaiaty tn `nnc, hkl knt tn prephre, we uklersthkl tfe
`nk`erk tfht at ghy iehl tn prndieghta` le`asanks. Hs tfere hre kn inwer-s nrakb les`raptnrs reihtel tn h
lao`uity prephrakb tfe onnl tn de `nncel, tfere seegs iattie lhkber as spe`aoyakb tfht tfe les`raptnr nkiy
hppiaes ao tfe gehi `hk de prephrel. Re re`nggekl tfht H`tavaty 8 les`raptnr @ de `ihrael, su`f
tfht at as `iehr tfht tfe sagpie gehi gust staii de prephrel orng oresf akbrelaekts.
Re hre `nk`erkel tfht hssessgekt ghy de`nge hwcwhrl wfere h `ihaghkt repnrts tfht tfey use h
`nncakb getfnl ntfer tfhk fnd nr ga`rnwhve nvek, nr `nkvektankhi nvek ao nur re`nggeklhtanks hre
h``eptel. H `ihaghkt ghy use hk eie`tra` stehger, h ra`e `nncer, nr h sinw `nncer, onr aksthk`e, hs
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank 82
hk hlhpthtank hbhakst lao`uitaes tfey fhve prephrakb hkl `nncakb onnl ak h gnre `nkvektankhi why.
Hk hssessnr ghy fhve lao`uity letergakakb fnw h `ihaghkt ghy de hdie tn `nnc h gehi dy hky getfnl
spe`ael ak tfe hssessgekt, hkl `ihaghkts ghy lashbree watf tfas letergakhtank ao at as ghle watfnut `iehr
`nksuithtank watf tfeg. Re re`nggekl tfht tfe Lephrtgekt bave `nksalerhtank tn fnw hssessnrs
ghy fhklie tfe satuhtank no `ihaghkts repnrtakb tfe use no ntfer `nncakb getfnls, hkl akstru`t
hssessnrs tn wnrc watf tfe `ihaghkt tn rehiasta`hiiy hkl ohariy letergake tfear hdaiaty tn use tfe
spe`ael `nncakb getfnls.
0.8.0 H`tavaty 4
\fere as `nk`erk tfht tfe sagpie les`raptank no tferhpeuta` snur`es no kutratank as nveriy sagpiasta`, hkl
lnes knt `hpture tfe vhrahtank ak laooerekt snrts no tferhpeuta` snur`es iehlakb tn laooerekt dhrraers, hkl
laooerekt ieveis no ak`rehsel `nst. Re re`nggekl tfht tfe Lephrtgekt akvestabhte tfe laooerekt ieveis
no dhrraer hkl `nsts hssn`ahtel watf laooerekt tferhpeuta` snur`es no kutratank, hkl laooerektahte
detweek tfeg ak tfe les`raptnrs no H`tavaty 4.
Re knte tfht tfe expihkhtnry kntes onr tfas h`tavaty sfnw tfht ehtakb as `nksalerel tn ak`iule `fewakb
hkl swhiinwakb. Rfere sngenke as ukhdie tn swhiinw, at ghy de hssugel tfht tfey keel h tferhpeuta`
snur`e. Fnwever, wfere sngenke as ukhdie tn `few suo`aektiy, tfas lnes knt seeg tn de `nksalerel
ak tfas h`tavaty, hkl hs H`tavaty 8 lnes knt `urrektiy eksure tfht tfe gehi prephrel as suathdie onr tfe
`ihaghkts laethry requaregekts, tfas keel as knt `iehriy reffle`tel hkywfere ak tfe hssessgekt. Re re-
`nggekl tfht h keel onr pureel onnl, nr onnl tfht ntferwase lnes knt requare `fewakb, de reffle`tel
ak eatfer H`tavaty 8 nr H`tavaty 4. Re re`nbkase tfht hllatankhi pnakts keel knt de hwhrlel wfere
h `ihaghkt as `hphdie no prephrakb tfear nwk onnl ak tfas ghkker watfnut hk hal nr hppiahk`e.
\fere as `nk`erk tfht les`raptnr L, keels prngptakb tn thce kutratank, as uk`iehr. \fas `nuil de
thcek tn reoer tn h satuhtank wfere h `ihaghkt waii stnp ehtakb h gehi deonre tfey fhve kasfel, ao tfey
hre knt regaklel nr ek`nurhbel tn `nktakue, nr at `nuil de thcek tn reoer tn h satuhtank wfere h `ihaghktwaii thce kn h`tank tn ndthak suathdie kutratank ukiess regaklel nr ek`nurhbel3 we deiaeve at sfnuil de
ekbhbel ak dntf aksthk`es. \fas wnuil knt iehl tn lnudie-s`nrakb watf H`tavaty 8, hs h persnk keelakb
ek`nurhbegekt tn eht sngetfakb as lastak`t orng tfht persnk keelakb ek`nurhbegekt tn `nnc h prnper
gehi. Nke no tfe whys tfht hk akhdaiaty tn prephre hkl `nnc h gehi as resnivel, ht hllatankhi expekse, as
tn use pre-prephrel nr thce-hwhy gehis. Rfere h `ihaghkt ehts su`f onnl lue tn hk akhdaiaty tn prephre
hkl `nnc h gehi, tfey sfnuil de hwhrlel pnakts ao tfey waii onrbet tn ndthak su`f onnl, nr ntferwase
kebie`t tn ln sn, watfnut prngptakb dy hkntfer persnk. Rfere h persnk keels su`f prngptakb, hkl lnes
knt re`eave at, tfey hre iaceiy tn eatfer thce aksuo`aekt kutratank, nr tn shtasoy fukber watf mukc onnls,
su`f hs `rasps. Eatfer no tfese waii de iaceiy tn iehl tn wnrsekakb fehitf `nklatanks. Re re`nggekl ht
H`tavaty 4 les`raptnr L de `ihrael tn reoer tn dntf prngptakb lurakb tfe gehi tn `nktakue ehtakb,
hkl prngptakb tn thce h`tank tn ndthak h gehi.Evek ao tfe pre`elakb re`nggeklhtank as h``eptel, we hre `nk`erkel tfht h `ihaghkt ehtakb mukc
onnl, su`f hs `rasps, watfnut prngptakb waii de thcek hs evalek`e tfht tfey ln knt requare prngptakb tn
thce kutratank. \fas rascs watflrhwakb suppnrt tfht wnuil feip su`f `ihaghkts tn gnve tn h fehitfaer laet
akvnivakb prnper gehis. Re re`nggekl tfht H`tavaty 4 de `ihrael tn reoer tn gehis, hkl ex`iule
skh`cs, phrta`uihriy fabfiy `nkvekaekt hkl ukfehitfy skh`cs.
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank 86
0.8.< H`tavaty 0
Re re`nbkase hkl hppre`ahte tfe ak`iusank no gela`htanks tfht hre re`nggeklel hs weii hs pres`radel.
Re hre `nk`erkel, fnwever, tfht `ihaghkts ghy de expe`tel tn prnve wfht gela`htanks fhve deek re`ng-
geklel3 pfhrgh`asts ln knt rnutakeiy ceep re`nrls no su`f re`nggeklhtanks, hkl evek ln`tnrs ln knt
reiahdiy re`nrl hii re`nggeklhtanks. Re re`nggekl tfht tfe Lephrtgekt `nksaler wfht evalek`e
tfey waii expe`t onr gela`htank re`nggeklhtanks. \fas `nk`erk gust knt, fnwever, de hiinwel tn
prevekt `nksalerhtank no re`nggeklel gela`htanks3 rhtfer, ke`esshry getfnls hkl prn`elures
sfnuil de leveinpel tn hiinw onr tfe brehtest ak`iusank no re`nggeklel gela`htanks.
At as uk`iehr ao gnkatnrakb h fehitf `nklatank ak`iules akonrghi, nkbnakb gnkatnrakb, su`f hs feipakb
h persnk de hwhre no tfear gnnls tn ghkhbe gekthi fehitf. Pu`f gnkatnrakb `hk de no vathi agpnrthk`e
tn penpie watf gekthi fehitf `nklatanks ak`iulakb lepressank hkl da-pnihr lasnrlers. Re re`nggekl
tfht gnkatnrakb h fehitf `nklatank de lekel sn hs tn `iehriy ak`iule dntf onrghi gnkatnrakb no
sabks hkl sygptngs hkl akonrghi, nkbnakb gnkatnrakb.
At seegs hpprnprahte tfht gnre pnakts hre hwhrlel tfe gnre tage as keelel onr hssasthk`e watf tferhpy.
Fnwever, snge fehitf `nklatanks requare ak-leptf gnkatnrakb tfht ghy `nksuge sabka`hkt hgnukts notage, thcakb rehlakbs iace pehc fflnw, dinnl pressure, dinnl biu`nse, hkl sn onrtf. Re re`nggekl tfht
H`tavaty 0 les`raptnrs L, E hkl O ak`iule gnkatnrakb h fehitf `nklatank hs weii hs tferhpy3 at ghy
de hpprnprahte ak tfas `hse tn ex`iule nkbnakb gnkatnrakb, su`f hs feipakb h persnk de hwhre no
tfear gnnls tn ghkhbe gekthi fehitf, orng les`raptnrs L, E hkl O nkiy, dut knt les`raptnr D.
Re oeei tfas h`tavaty as h bnnl nppnrtukaty tn `hpture `nsts hkl dhrraers hssn`ahtel watf tfe ghk-
hbegekt no phak hkl las`ngonrt dy gehks ntfer tfhk gela`htank hkl tferhpaes. H wale rhkbe no fehitf
`nklatanks `hk iehl tn phak hkl las`ngonrt dest ghkhbel, ak ouii nr ak phrt, dy tfe use no spe`ahiasel
equapgekt nr ourkature= `fhars, ghttresses hkl ntfer equapgekt spe`ahiiy lesabkel nr hlhptel tn feip
ghkhbe `frnka` fehitf `nklatanks, onr exhgpie dy reiaevakb pressure nk mnakts nr prnvalakb pnsturhi sup-
pnrt tn reiaeve phak nr drehtfiesskess. \fese ategs hre `nksalerhdiy gnre expeksave tfhk tfear everylhy
`nukterphrts, hkl keel serva`akb nr repih`egekt tn ghakthak tfear eooe`tavekess. \fey `hk de suo`aektiy
eooe`tave, fnwever, tn relu`e nr eiagakhte tfe keel onr phak-reiaevakb gela`htank, hkl `hk pihy h rnie
ak relu akb leteranrhtank no ukleriyakb `nklatanks, tfus hvnalakb nr leihyakb gela`hi aktervektanks tfht
ghy ak`iule surbery hkl fnspathiashtank. \fas equapgekt as orequektiy keatfer pres`radel knr onrghiiy
hssessel, dut as kevertfeiess h sabka`hkt ekhdiakb oh`tnr ak tfe iaves no lashdiel penpie. Hk exhgpie no
su`f equapgekt hkl snge no tfe `nsts hssn`ahtel watf at `hk de onukl ak Hppeklax H nk phbe5
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank 81
At as aksuitakb tfht dhtfakb as lekel hs deakb hdie tn whsf nkes tnrsn
Akleel, wfaie tfe expihkhtnry kntes akla`hte tfht tfas h`tavaty fhs deek sagpiael orng tfe akatahi
lrhot, regnvakb tfe lastak`tank detweek whsfakb hkl dhtfakb, at seegs tfht tfas fhs deek lnke dy thcakb
tfe terg dhtfakb dut tfe lekatank tfht fhl deek hppiael tn whsfakb=
\fe Pe`nkl Lrhot Hssessgekt @raterah lekatanks hre stra`ter tfhk tfe rst
lrhot rebuihtanks= onr aksthk`e, tfe lekatank ak tfe ihtter no Dhtfakb as
\hce h dhtf nr sfnwer wferehs ak tfe se`nkl lrhot at as @iehk oh`e, fhkls,
uklerhrgs hkl tnrsn wfa`f as tnthiiy akhlequhte hkl `nktrhry tn `nggnk
sekse hkl hii la`tankhry lekatanks. Ak hllatank, `iehkiakess tn tfe sthklhrl tfht as sn`ahiiy expe`tel as vathi onr sn`ahi ekbhbegekt hkl
ouii phrta`aphtank ak sn`aety=
Hkynke wfn `nuil nkiy `iehk tfear upper fhio hre hisn pntektahiiy ukhdie tnh``ess tfe `nggukaty nr egpinygekt lue tn tfe sgeii hkl kebhtave oeeiakbs
hrasakb orng deakb larty, ak`rehsakb asnihtank hkl `rehtakb ukohar dhrraers.
At ghy de hpprnprahte tn `nksaler h fflhkkei whsf wfere tfht as tfe preoerrel getfnl no persnkhi
`iehkakb onr h `ihaghkt, dut knt ak `hses wfere h persnk fhdatuhiiy dhtfs nr sfnwers. Re were piehsel
tn fehr tfe Bnverkgekts hssurhk`es tfht ZAZ hssessgekts waii knt ak`iule tfe aghbakhry wfeei`fhar
test tfht fhs de`nge kntnranus ak tfe Rnrc @hphdaiaty Hssessgekt3 tfas lekatank no dhtfe ruks tfe rasc
no `rehtakb hk aghbakhry fflhkkei test. Hiinwakb hky rehsnkhdie `fna`e no dhtfakb getfnl waii hisn deghxaghiiy `uiturhiiy seksatave, watfnut fhvakb tn spe`aoy h `raterank no `uiturhi hpprnprahtekess. Re
re`nggekl tfht hdaiaty tn dhtfe de hssessel dhsel nk dhtf nr sfnwer, nr su`f ntfer rehsnkhdie
getfnl hs tfe `ihaghkt ghy preoer.
\fe spe`a`htank no `iehkakb tfe tnrsn as h snur`e no `nksalerhdie `nk`erk hkl `nkousank. \fe
Lephrtgekts nwk ehsy-rehl ghterahi puts tfas hs tfe tnp fhio, wfa f we deiaeve gnst wnuil uklersthkl
hs gehkakb hdnve tfe whast. Fnwever, lekatanks orng hkhtnga`hi textdnncs hkl tfe Nxonrl Ekbiasf
La`tankhry `nksaler tfe tnrsn hs tfe dnly hsale orng tfe iagds hkl fehl3 tfe NEL baves tnrsn hs tfe
trukc no tfe fughk dnly, watf trukc ak turk bavek hs h persnks . . . dnly hphrt orng tfe iagds hkl
fehlS?W. \fas lekatank wnuil `erthakiy ak`iule tfe brnak hreh. Bavek tfe teksank ak gehkakb detweek
tfe ln`ugekts prnlu`el tfe Lephrtgekt, fnwever, we oeei tfe aktekt as uk`iehr hkl sfnuil de `ihrael.
Re oeei tfht at as agpnrthkt tfe gnre ak`iusave lekatank de usel, hs prnper `iehkiakess no tfe bekathi hreh
as vathi ak prevektakb h rhkbe no fehitf `nklatanks tfht wnuil prnve lasruptave tfe iaoe no tfe aklavaluhi
hkl put brehter durlek nk fehitf serva`es. Re re`nggekl tfht tnrsn, ak tfe lekatank no dhtfe, de
`ihrael tn tfe ak`iusave lekatank usel ak hkhtngy.
\fere as sabka`hkt ukfhppakess watf tfe lekatank no dhtfe ex`iulakb tfe iagds, hkl phrta`uihr
`nk`erk rebhrlakb tfe inwer extregataes. \fere hre ghky fehitf `nklatanks, phrta`uihriy tfnse puttakb
sngenke ht rasc no `ar`uihtnry prndiegs nr perapferhi keurnphtfy, ak wfa`f rebuihr `hre no tfe oeet as
very agpnrthkt. Knt nkiy as dhtfakb as h cey nppnrtukaty tn exhgake tfe oeet, dut `iehkiakess no tfe
oeet as vathi tn prevekt prndiegs. Dntf tfe KFPS2W hkl tfe Pn`aety no @farnpnlasts hkl ZnlahtrastsS6W
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank 4:
re`nggekl tfe rebuihr `iehkakb no oeet. Ak `hses no agguke `ngprngase, `iehkiakess no tfe ektare dnly
as oeit tn de `ru`ahi=
dhtfakb hii nver as rehiiy agpnrthkt onr tfnse penpie watf `n-gnrdalataes= aoshy sngenke fhs agguke assues, hkl hisn gndaiaty assues, tfek akoe`tanks`hk de`nge rehiiy seranus.
Re hre hisn `nk`erkel tfht tfas lekatank waii set h pre`elekt, hkl tfht sn`ahi serva`es ghy oniinw
ats exhgpie ak tergs no `hre nooerel.Re re`nggekl tfht tfe h`tavaty no dhtfakb hisn ak`nrpnrhte tfe
`iehkakb no tfe ektare dnly, ak`iulakb iagds hkl extregataes.
@nk`erk fhs deek rhasel nver tfe ex`iusank no lryakb orng tfe dhtfakb h`tavaty. Zrevektank no h
rhkbe no fehitf `nklatanks, su`f hs oukbhi scak akoe`tanks, requares tfnrnubf lryakb no tfe dnly hoter
`iehkakb, phrta`uihriy ak `insel hrehs no tfe dnly (su`f hs detweek tfe tnes, tfe bekathi hreh). \fese
`nklatanks hre dntf gnre iaceiy tn n``ur hkl gnre iaceiy tn iehl tn `ngpia`htanks ak penpie watf h rhkbe
no `frnka` aiikesses, su`f hs lahdetes. Hs prevanusiy sthtel, tfe KFPS 2Whkl Pn`aety no @farnpnlasts hklZnlahtrastsS6W re`nggekl tfe rebuihr `iehkakb no tfe oeet hkl reakonr`e tfe keel onr tfnrnubf lryakb
detweek tfe tnes. Hlva`e orng KFP Lare`tS1W hisn ghces `iehr tfe agpnrthk`e no `iehkakb hkl lryakb
tfe brnakhi hreh tn ghkhbe hkl prevekt akoe`tanks ak tfht hreh. Re re`nggekl tfht tfe h`tavaty no
dhtfakb `iehriy ak`iule tfnrnubf lryakb.
H kugder no hllatankhi eiegekts fhve deek subbestel onr tfe h`tavaty no brnngakb. Ghky oeit tfht
at sfnuil ak`iule su`f ntfer, knrghi brnngakb h`tavataes hs gnst penpie thce onr brhktel, su`f hs tfe
hppia`htank no ghce-up hkl wehrakb no meweiiery. Rfaie tfere as h strnkb gnrhi pnakt tfht lashdiel
penpie sfnuil knt de expe`tel tn h``ept h inwer sthklhrl no iaoe, hkl ex`iusank orng su`f knrghi, every
lhy tfakbs, we uklersthkl tfht onr h deket thrbetel ht tfnse watf tfe brehtest keels, hkl hk hssessgekt
h`takb hs h prnxy onr tfe ak`rehsel `nsts no lashdaiaty, tfe ouii rhkbe no h`tavataes requarel onr phrta`aphtank
ak sn aety ghy knt de represektel. Fnwever, tfere hre snge eiegekts tfht hre ke`esshry tn h dhsa`sthklhrl no iavakb hkl ghaktekhk`e no fehitf tfht sfnuil de ak`iulel ak brnngakb. Re re`nggekl tfht
tfe h`tavaty no brnngakb de hgeklel tn ak`iule tfe `uttakb no kberkhais hkl tnekhais, sfhvakb, hkl
tfe whsfakb no fhkls hkl oh`e.
0.8.? H`tavaty 5
\fere as walesprehl `nk`erk hgnkb tfnse watf experaek`e no ak`nktakek`e tfht tfas h`tavaty lnes knt h`-
`urhteiy represekt tfe hllatankhi `nsts no ak`nktakek`e, ak`iulakb h brehter hgnukt no `iehkakb no `intfes
hkl dellakb, tfe `nsts no phls hkl brehter rascs no fehitf `ngpia`htanks. \fe se`nkl lrhot no tfe ZAZ hs-
sessgekt seegs ektareiy abknrhkt no tfe prndiegs reihtel tn ak`nktakek`e. Re fhve ak`iulel h sudgassankorng hk aklavaluhi watf lnudie ak`nktakek`e, ak`iulakb h stngh, hs Hppeklax @nk phbe56.
Re uklersthkl tfht tfe `fhkbakb no `intfes oniinwakb ak`nktakek`e as ex`iulel orng tfas h`tavaty de-
`huse at ghy iehl tn lnudie s`nrakb watf H`tavaty ?. \fas gasuklersthkls tfe laooerek`e detweek knrghi
lressakb hkl uklressakb, hkl tfe uklressakb hkl `iehkakb requarel oniinwakb ak`nktakek`e. Rfere h per-
snk requares brehter feip tn `fhkbe `intfakb oniinwakb ak`nktakek`e tfhk tfey ln onr knrghi lressakb hkl
uklressakb, tfas sfnuil de re`nbkasel ak tfas h`tavaty. Re re`nggekl tfht feip requarel onr `fhkbakb
`intfes de ak`iulel ak tfe `nksalerhtank no ghkhbakb ak`nktakek`e, wfere tfht hssasthk`e as brehter
tfhk tfht requarel ak knrghi lressakb hkl uklressakb.
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank 48
Ak hllatank, `fhkbakb no del`intfes as ex`iulel, evek tfnubf tfas ghy de keelel ohr gnre orequektiy
tfhk penpie knrghiiy `fhkbe dellakb=
At hisn lnes knt hiinw onr sngednly deakb tfere tn h`tuhiiy `fhkbe tfe del-lakb wfek gessel up - wfa`f A keel. A fhve spekt ghky h kabft nk gy nwk
ak h del watf kn dellakb nk at - evek eklel up nk gy snoh.
@iehriy, tfas as knt wfht hkynke wnuil `nksalerhdie h rehsnkhdie sthklhrl no `hre nr aklepeklekt
iavakb. Re re`nggekl tfht feip requarel tn `fhkbe dellakb de ak`iulel ak tfe `nksalerhtank no
ghkhbakb ak`nktakek`e, ht iehst wfere at n``urs orequektiy.
Ak`nktakek`e ak atseio iehls tn `nksalerhdie extrh `nsts. Bavek tfht tfas hssessgekt as akteklel tn serve
hs h prnxy onr hllatankhi `nsts, tfas sfnuil de `nksalerel. \fe hwhrlakb no kn pnakts onr ak`nktakek`e
wfere h `ihaghkt `hk ghkhbe at tfegseives as tfus `nktrhry tn tfe purpnses no tfe ZAZ hssessgekt. Pnge
no tfas `nst wnuil de re`nbkasel ao su`f dhsa` ak`nktakek`e hals hs phls were re`nbkasel hs hals3 tfe
nkbnakb `nsts no tfese hre brehter tfhk ghky no tfe exhgpie hals iastel ak tfe expihkhtnry kntes, fnwever.
Ourtfergnre, at as iaceiy tfht tfe vhst ghmnraty no ak`nktakekt aklavaluhis use su`f hals, ghcakb expia`atre`nbkatank no tfeg reluklhkt. Re re`nggekl tfht hk hllatankhi les`raptnr de hllel tn H`tavaty
5, hwhrlakb pnakts onr ak`nktakek`e wfere h `ihaghkt `hk ghkhbe at tfegseives. \fas les`raptnr
`nuil de pfrhsel hs @hk ghkhbe ak`nktakek`e ukhalel nr watf tfe use no hk hal nr hppiahk`e.
\fe wnrls nr ak`nktakek`e wnuil tfek de regnvel orng les`raptnr H hkl les`raptnr D. Re
subbest tfht tfe kew les`raptnr s`nre < pnakts.
\fe Bnverkgekt fhs akla`htel tfht tfey `nksaler tfas h`tavaty tn ek`ngphss tfe ghkhbegekt no
gekstruhtank. Fnwever, we hre hwhre tfht snge wngek experaek`e lao`uitaes ghkhbakb gekstruhtank
watfnut fhvakb equavhiekt lao`uitaes watf tnaiet keels3 onr exhgpie, tfey ghy suooer h psy`fninba`hi
lao`uity watf ghkhbakb gekstruhtank. Re re`nggekl tfht H`tavaty 5 de `ihrael tn expia`atiy ek-
`ngphss tfe ghkhbegekt no gekstruhtank.
At seegs ndvanus tfht seksadie, fybaeka` ghkhbegekt no tnaiet keels nr ak`nktakek`e waii ak`iule tfe
whsfakb no fhkls. Re re`nggekl tfht H`tavaty 5 de `ihrael tn ak`iule whsfakb fhkls.
@nk`erk fhs deek expressel tfht tfas h`tavaty lnes knt `nksaler lao`uitaes bettakb tn tfe tnaiet=
\fere hre kn les raptnrs tn hiinw onr h`tuhiiy bettakb tn tfe tnaiet, ak gy`hse A keel feip espe`ahiiy ht kabft tn bet nut no del qua`ciy eknubf tn
h`tuhiiy bet tn tfe tnaiet tn feip ge orng gessakb gyseio ak gy del.
Rfaie prndiegs bettakb tn tfe tnaiet ghy hisn s`nre pnakts ak H`tavaty 88, tfht h`tavaty s`nres pnakts no
tfe Gndaiaty `ngpnkekt, wfa`f as akteklel tn suppnrt gndaiaty nutsale tfe fnge. Ourtfergnre, ao hdaiatytn bet tn tfe tnaiet were hssessel watf hals, at wnuil knt ke`esshraiy oniinw tfht every `ihaghkt s`nrakb
pnakts ak H`tavaty 88 wnuil s`nre pnakts ak H`tavaty 5 nk tfe shge brnukls3 h persnk wfn as suo`aektiy
gndaie tn bet tn tfe tnaiet watf hk hal wnuil iaceiy s`nre pnakts onr keelakb tfht hal ak H`tavaty 88,
dut `nuil de `nksalerel hdie tn reh`f tfe tnaiet onr H`tavaty 5. H ourtfer shoebuhrl hbhakst ukakteklel
hutnghta` s`nrakb iaes ak tfe oh`t tfht tfe lasthk`e orng hky pnakt ak tfe fnge tn tfe tnaiet as bekerhiiy
sfnrter tfhk tfe lasthk`es `nksalerel ak H`tavaty 883 nkiy tfe gnst prnonukliy aggndaie `ihaghkts wnuil
de hdie tn `ihag h keel onr hssasthk`e watf tnaiet keels nk tfe brnukls no gndaiaty. Re re`nggekl tfht
H`tavaty 5 `nksaler bettakb tn tfe tnaiet, usakb hky hals knrghiiy usel nr tfht `nuil rehsnkhdiy de
expe`tel tn de usel, hs hk eiegekt no ghkhbakb tnaiet keels.
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank 44
0.8.2 H`tavaty ?
Agphargekts ghy requare sfnes no spe`ahiasel lesabk tn hiinw tfeg tn de pih`el nk tfe onnt nr se`ureiy
ohstekel tn h``nukt onr mnakt hdknrghiataes, vhrahtanks ak sfhpe nr saze, nr hiterel bhat. Onr exhgpie,
deinw-ckee suppnrts/`hiapers hre knrghiiy nkiy usel watf hlhptel ih`el sfnes, hs siap-nks prnvale aksuo-
`aekt suppnrt tn tfe onnt, hkcie hkl `hiaper. Evek wfere spe`ahiasel sfnes nr hppiahk`es hre knt keelel,
lashdaiaty ghy iehl tn gnre expeksave onntwehr deakb keelel, hitfnubf tfht onntwehr ghy de no h snrt
tfht as hisn wnrk dy ukagpharel penpie nut no `fna`e=
A `hkt duy `fehp sfnes de`huse tfey lnkt t weii, hkl wehr nut evek gnrequa`ciy A fhve tn wehr sturly, suppnrtave sfnes nr sfnes watf h fflexadie tfak
snie lesabkel tn hiinw bnnl prnpran`eptave oeeldh`c.
Ourtfergnre, tfe Pn`aety no @farnpnlasts hkl Znlahtrasts re`nggekls hbhakst siap-nk sfnes ak bek-
erhi, shyakb sfnuil fhve ih`e-up ohstekakbs tn ceep tfe oeet rgiy ak pih`e onr tfnse wfn whic gu`f,
hkl gnre bekerhiiy tfht ohstekakbs sfnuil de ih`es nr strhps watf du`cies nr tnu`f ohstekakbs feip tn
fnil tfe onnt se`ureiy watfak tfe sfneS8:W. Re re`nggekl tfht h `iehr iast no exhgpies de bavek,
watfnut iagathtank, no tfe snrts no hlhptel `intfakb tfht ghy de `nksalerel ak H`tavaty ?, hkl tfht
hlhptel onntwehr de ak`iulel. \fe hssugptank no siap-nk sfnes ak tfas h`tavaty sfnuil repih`el
watf h requaregekt onr suathdie onntwehr, thcakb aktn h``nukt dntf bekerhi hlva`e nk onntwehr hkl
hky hlva`e bavek spe`a`hiiy tn tfe `ihaghkt dy h fehitf`hre prnoessankhi.
\fe gehkakb no hssasthk`e tn seie`t hpprnprahte `intfakb as uk`iehr. Hssasthk`e as lekel hs pfys-
a`hi aktervektank. \fere as `nk`erk tfht tfas waii knt de `nksalerel ak hk hpprnprahteiy ak`iusave ghkker.
Aiiustrhtel exhgpies ak tfe no`ahi ehsy-rehl `nksuithtank ghterahis akla`hte tfht h persnk watf h severe
vasuhi agphargekt ghy de `nksalerel tn keel hssasthk`e tn seie`t `intfakb3 we hbree tfht tfas as hpprn-
prahte. Re hisn oeei tfht at wnuil de hpprnprahte onr su`f `nksalerhtank tn de exteklel tn penpie wfnhre pfysa`hiiy nr psy`fninba`hiiy ak`hphdie no retraevakb tfear `intfes orng wfhtever stnrhbe tfey use,
phrta`uihriy ak `hses wfere tfey hre knketfeiess hdie tn put tfht `intfakb nk onr tfegseives, hs les`radel
dy nke `nggekter=
A `hk bet lressel sngetages nk gy nwk ao `hrer drakbs `intfes tn tfe del
\fus h persnk suooerakb orng severe ohtabue, wfa f ghy n``ur ak `nklatanks hs laverse hs GE,
drngyhibah nr Guitapie P`iernsas, ghy de `hphdie no lressakb nk`e tfey fhve tfear `intfes, dut wnuilde ak`hphdie no retraevakb tfear `intfes, espe`ahiiy no tfek lressakb tfegseives hoterwhrls. Re strnkbiy
deiaeve tfht at wnuil de hpprnprahte onr su`f penpie tn de `nksalerel tn shtasoy les`raptnr @ no tfas
h`tavaty. Ao tfey ln knt, at as iaceiy tfht tfas lao`uity waii akstehl de esthdiasfel nk hppehi tn shtasoy h
fabfer-s`nrakb les`raptnr. Re re`nggekl tfht H`tavaty ? les`raptnr @ pnakt (aa) de `ihrael tn ak-
`iule penpie wfn keel pfysa`hi hssasthk`e tn retraeve tfear `intfes, tfnubf tfey ghy de `hphdie no
`fnnsakb `intfes ak akteiie`tuhi, `nbkatave hkl seksnry tergs.
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank 40
0.8.6 H`tavaty 2
Ak nrler tn h`t nk hky `ngguka`htank, de at wrattek nr verdhi, at as knt nkiy vathi tn rehl nr fehr at, hkl
uklersthkl at, dut hisn tn regegder at. \fas as phrta uihriy essektahi watf rebhrls tn shoety akonrghtank.
Ghky `nklatanks iehl tn h suo`aekt lebree no `nbkatave lysouk`tank tn ghce tfas prndieghta`3 wfaie tfe
`ihaghkt ghy fehr hkl uklersthkl h gesshbe, tfey waii knt ke`esshraiy regegder at `iehriy eknubf onr tfe
`ngguka`htank tn de shal tn fhve deek eooe`tave. Re re`nggekl tfht regegderakb h `ngguka`htank
weii eknubf tn h`t nk at hisn de h `nksalerhtank ak H`tavaty 2.
Ghky lashdiel penpie hre pfysa`hiiy ukhdie tn wrate. Fnwever tfas as knt `nverel ukler `ngguka`-
htakb knr ukler ghcakb khk`ahi le`asanks. \fas whs h snur`e no breht `nk`erk=
\fere as kn les`raptnr onr deakb ukhdie tn express sagpie nr `ngpiex wrattek`ngguka`htank, h vathi thsc onr iiakb ak LRZ onrgs, sn`ahi `ngguka`h-
tank, daii phyakb, hkl ghky ntfer purpnses. \fas as h seranus nversabft.
Rratakb reghaks hk essektahi thsc ak tnlhys sn`aety. Rfaie `ngguka`htakb eie`trnka hiiy, nr watf
wnrl prn`essel hkl praktel text, as sngetages hk nptank, penpie staii rebuihriy exer`ase tfear `fna`e
detweek getfnls no wratakb. Akleel, wfaie hkynke ghy `fnnse tn spekl gnkey tn bave tfegseives tfe
hdaiaty tn wrate eie`trnka`hiiy, hkl prakt tfear `ngpnsatanks, onr ghky lashdiel penpie tfas as knt `fna`e,
dut ke`essaty=
\fe TH ak gy fhkls gehks A `hkt fnil h pek inkb tfhk h oew se`nkls sn
iiakb nut h onrg nr wratakb h ietter fhs tn typel. A use h ihptnp de`huse A
kl tfe fflht ceydnhrl as relu`es tfe stress nk gy wrasts hkl kbers dut tfey
hre knt `fehp. Hs tfas `nktradutnr akla`htes, evek sthrtakb orng hk hssugel pnsatank no h``ess tn h `ngputer, tfere
`hk de hllatankhi `nsts ak suathdiy erbnknga` equapgekt3 ao nke as ukhdie tn type, tfese `nsts brnw ourtfer
watf tfe use no spee`f-tn-text snotwhredeynkl tfe ia`ekse `nsts no tfe snotwhre atseio, spee`f-tn-text
requares h fabfer spe`a`htank `ngputer. Evek nk`e h `ngputer as ak use, ghky onrgs, onr exhgpie,
hre prnvalel ak fhrl `npy hkl `hk nkiy de iiel ak dy fhkl. \fas `hk thce h inkb tage hkl `huse breht
las`ngonrt nr ghy keel tn de lnke dy hkntfer persnk. Re re`nggekl tfht H`tavaty 2 de gnlael tn
ek`ngphss tfe `rehtank no wrattek akonrghtank hs weii hs tfe hdaiaty tn h``ess wrattek akonrghtank.
Les`raptnr L sfnuil de hgeklel tn ak`iule expressank hs weii hs h``ess no wrattek akonrghtank.
Rfaie tfe keel tn express wrattek akonrghtank as gnst ouklhgekthiiy agpnrthkt ak reihtank tn khk-
`ahi ghtters, we `nksaler at h drnhler pnakt. \n hvnal lnudie-s`nrakb, fnwever, nur re`nggeklhtanks
rebhrlakb H`tavaty 1 hre knt akteklel tn bave pnakts onr lao`uity wratakb watfak tfht h`tavaty. Fnwever,ao expressakb wrattek `ngguka`htank as knt `nksalerel watfak H`tavaty 2, we wnuil see at hs ak`iulel
watfak tfe s`npe no nur re`nggeklhtanks rebhrlakb H`tavaty 1.
0.8.1 H`tavaty 6
Lashdiel penpie ghy de iagatel ak sn`ahi akterh`tank knt nkiy dy egntankhi lastress nr `nkousank, dut
dy tfe eooe`ts no phak, ohtabue hkl ntfer las`ngonrts. H cey oh`tnr ak sn`ahiasakb onr ghky penpie watf
`frnka` aiikesses as cknwakb tfht tfey waii de hdie tn rest, `fhkbe tfear ievei no phrta`aphtank, nr iehve
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank 4
Ak tfe expihkhtnry knte we set nut prnpnshis onr tfe weabftakbs no les`raptnrs ak tfe h`tavataes
reihtakb tn ektatiegekt tn tfe Lhaiy Iavakb `ngpnkekt (h`tavataes 81). Ak tfas ln`ugekt we
fhve set nut tfe ektatiegekt tfresfnils onr tfe deket. Fnw weii ln ynu tfakc tfey wnrc tn
lastakbuasf detweek laooerakb ieveis no hdaiaty ak eh`f h`tavaty> Fnw weii ln ynu tfakc tfey
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank 4?
wnrc tn pranratase aklavaluhis nk tfe dhsas no tfear nverhii keel> Ln ynu tfakc we keel tn
ghce hky `fhkbes tn weabftakbs nr tfresfnils>
\fere whs sabka hkt `nk`erk watf tfe weabftakbs hkl tfresfnils onr Lhaiy Iavakb. 64.?% no re-
spnklekts lashbreel watf tfe sthtegekt tfe s`nres hkl tfresfnils onr Lhaiy Iavakb hre gnstiy hpprnpra-hte, 58.5% lashbreeakb strnkbiy3 nkiy 0.6% hbreel watf tfe sthtegekt.
Re `nksaler tfht at as dest tn `nksaler tfe s`nres onr les`raptnrs dhsel nk h reihtaveiy xel dh`cbrnukl
no bavek tfresfnils. \fus we fhve `nksalerel tfas questank, hkl Xuestank
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank 42
hlmustel onr tfas h`tavaty, hs expihakel ak se`tank0.8.
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank 46
0.0 Xuestank 0
\fe Bnverkgekt `nksuithtank hscs=
Rfht hre ynur vaews nk tfe ihtest lrhot Gndaiaty h`tavataes>Ak tfe expihkhtnry knte we set nut revasel prnpnshis onr tfe h`tavataes reihtakb tn ektatiegekt
tn tfe Gndaiaty `ngpnkekt (h`tavataes 8:88). Hre tfe `fhkbes hk agprnvegekt> Ln ynu
tfakc we keel tn ghce hky ourtfer `fhkbes>
Re fhve sabka`hkt `nk`erk hdnut dntf no tfe Gndaiaty h`tavataes. \fey hre knt `iehr hkl ehsy tn
hppiy3 65.1% no survey respnklekts lashbreel watf tfe sthtegekt tfe hssessgekt `raterah onr Gndaiaty
ak ZAZ hre ehsy tn uklersthkl hkl hppiy, 54.0% strnkbiy. \fas `nktrhsts watf 4.04% hbreeakb watf tfe
sthtegekt. \fere hre bhps ak tfe re`nbkatank no sabka hktiy ak`rehsel `nsts hkl sabka hkt dhrraers tn
phrta`aphtank. Re hllress tfese assues onr eh`f h`tavaty sephrhteiy.
0.0.8 H`tavaty 8:
\fere hre breht `nk`erks nver tfe `nk`eptank defakl tfe nverwfeigakb psy`fninba`hi lastress
les`raptnrs. \rehtakb iagathtanks laooerektiy lepeklakb nk tfear nrabak as, hs tfe Bnverkgekt fhs `nk-
sastektiy pnaktel nut, `nukter tn tfe prak`apies no ZAZ. \fere as hisn uk`erthakty nver fnw fabf h dhr at as
settakb. \fe oh`t at as requarel tn de h iagatakb oh`tnr onr hii mnurkeys lnes knt `hpture weii tfe `ngpiex-
ataes no `nklatanks su`f hs hbnrhpfndah, wfere h kugder no oh`tnrs hiter tfe lao`uity no iehvakb nkes
fnge. Fnwever, we `hk see h vhial lastak`tank detweek tfe ouk`tankhi iagathtanks agpiael dy les`raptnr
D wfek `ngphrel watf les`raptnr @, ak tfht les`raptnr @ seegs akteklel tn agpiy h keel tn de h``ng-
phkael, wfaie les`raptnr D ghy nkiy requare ek`nurhbegekt nr persuhsank tn set nut ak tfe rst pih`e.
Re re`nggekl hiterakb tfe lastak`tank detweek les`raptnrs ak H`tavaty 8: tn tfnse wfn requaresupervasank, nkbnakb prngptakb nr h suppnrt lnb hs lastak`t orng tfnse wfn requare prngptakb tn
akatahte h mnurkey. Ao tfas re`nggeklhtank as knt h``eptel, we strnkbiy urbe tfht tfe wnrl nverwfeig-
akb knt de ak iulel. Hk akhdaiaty tn iehve tfe fnge as tfe agpnrthkt pnakt, hkl ao lastress as sn breht
tfht at `rehtes tfht akhdaiaty, at wnuil seeg tn de nverwfeigakb. At deakb presekt npeks tfe lnnr tn inkb
lashbreegekts nver wfht ievei no lastress as nverwfeigakb. Re re`nggekl tfht, ak H`tavaty 8:, tfe
wnrl nverwfeigakb knt de usel ak respe`t no psy`fninba`hi lastress.
H persnk wfn as ukhdie tn iehve tfear fnge ht hii oh`es hrbuhdiy brehter dhrraers orng phrta`aphtank
tfhk tfnse wfn keel tn de h``ngphkael onr hii mnurkeys. At as tfus strhkbe tfht at as h inwer s`nrakb
les`raptnr. \fe hllatankhi khk`ahi `nsts no deakb ukhdie tn iehve nkes nwk fnge hre `nksalerhdie. Nke
fhs vhstiy khrrnwer `fna`es wfek pur`fhsakb, hkl waii tfus de ukhdie tn bet tfe dest nooers hvhaihdie ak
ghky `hses. \fere hre hisn hllatankhi leiavery `nsts. Zrnvasank no serva`es tfht hre knrghiiy prnvalel
nutsale no tfe fnge, su`f hs bettakb h fhar`ut, hre sagaihriy iagatel.Re re`nggekl tfht deakb ukhdie
tn iehve tfe fnge, iace requarakb h persnk nr suppnrt lnb watf ynu onr hii mnurkeys, s`nre suo`aektiy
ak H`tavaty 8: tn bave ektatiegekt tn tfe Ekfhk`el rhte.
\fe expihkhtnry kntes ghce `iehr tfht h mnurkey tn hk ukohgaiahr lestakhtank as hssugel tn ak`iule
tfe use no pudia` trhkspnrt. \fere whs sudsthktahi oeeiakb tfht tfas sfnuil de sthtel nk tfe oh`e no tfe
h`tavaty. Re re`nggekl tfht tfe les`raptnrs onr H`tavaty 8: spe`aoy wfere h mnurkey akvnives pudia`
trhkspnrt, nr tfht tfas de ghle `iehr ak rebuihtanks watf sthtutnry onr`e.
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank 41
Hk akhdaiaty tn uklerthce mnurkeys lue tn lastress as knt iagatel tn lastress tfht as psy`fninba`hi ak
nrabak. H persnk ghy de lastressel hdnut trhveiiakb lue tn tfe rasc ak`nktakek`e hkl tfe ih`c no oh`aiataes
tn lehi watf at. Re re`nggekl tfht lastress ak H`tavaty 8: knt de restra`tel tn tfht wfa`f as psy-
`fninba`hi ak nrabak. @nrrespnklakbiy, tfe lekatank tfht `nrrespnkls tn tfas sfnuil knt requare hk
eklurakb gekthi fehitf lasnrler. H lekatank hiinwakb las`retank ak letergakakb wfetfer lastress
as bekuakeiy experaek`el ghy de hpprnprahte.
Re knte tfht tfas h`tavaty hgnukts tn h revershi no tfe re`ekt rebuihtnry `fhkbe hoonrlakb LIH Fabfer
Thte Gndaiaty tn penpie wfn hre severeiy vasuhiiy agpharel. Re urbe tfe Bnverkgekt tn strnkbiy `nk-
saler wfetfer tfas as hpprnprahte3 fhs tfe musta`htank ak exteklakb FTG tn severeiy vasuhiiy agpharel
aklavaluhis sngefnw inst vhialaty ak tfe ihst yehr>
\fe keel onr hals tn shoeiy oniinw h mnurkey (hs nppnsel tn hals tfht hre requarel tn gnve hrnukl ak
atseio) seegs tn de `ngpieteiy abknrel. Re `nksaler tfas h sabka`hkt ngassank. Onr exhgpie, vasuhiiy
agpharel penpie wfn use h `hke notek pur`fhse gnre suathdie `hkes tfhk hre prnvalel, hkl hllatankhi
`hkes ak `hse no drehchbe3 vasuhiiy agpharel respnklekts teii us tfht oree prnvasank no `hkes as iagatel tn
nke ht h tage, gehkakb tfht ao tfey ln knt duy h sphre tfegseives tfey hre ieot extregeiy vuikerhdie ao tfear
`hke as lhghbel wfaie tfey hre nut. \fas as knt hk ukusuhi n``urrek`e, hs `hkes hre orhbaie, hkl useiessnk`e lhghbel3 Re hre phrta`uihriy uk`iehr wfy, ak tfe `hse no vasuhi agphargekt, tfe use no buale lnb
httrh`ts pnakts wfaie tfe use no wfate `hke lnes knt, phrta`uihriy bavek tfe oh`t tfht Buale Lnbs waii `nver
tfe `nsts no tfe lnbs oeelakb hkl veterakhry `hreS80W, hkl as knt usel spe`a`hiiy dy penpie no phrta`uihr
`fhrh`ter nr severaty no agphargekt. Pagaihriy, penpie watf vasuhi agphargekts nr `nbkatave lao`uitaes
ghy de ekhdiel tn mnurkey gnre waleiy dy eie`trnka` khvabhtankhi hals, wfa`f hre very expeksave hkl
ghy requare ghaktekhk`e. Knke no tfese hals wnuil de `nksalerel ak H`tavaty 88, sn tfey hre eooe`taveiy
lasrebhrlel ektareiy ak tfe se`nkl lrhot ZAZ hssessgekt `raterah. Re re`nggekl tfht `nksalerhtank no
hals de ak`iulel ak H`tavaty 8:. At wnuil de hpprnprahte onr hals tfht hre requarel pureiy tn gnve
hrnukl de lasrebhrlel, hs tfey hre `nksalerel ak H`tavaty 88.
\fese cey re`nggeklhtanks ghy de sugghrasel dy hiterakb H`tavaty 8:s les`raptnrs tn tfnse sfnwk
ak thdie0.4. At hisn ak`nrpnrhtes tfe re`nggeklhtanks no se`tank0.
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank 0:
0.0.4 H`tavaty 88
\fas h`tavaty seegs tn de hgnkb tfe gnst uk`iehr tn hppiy. \fe gehkakb no up tn as phrta uihriy
uk`iehr. \hcakb tfe `hse stulaes aktn h``nukt, phrta`uihriy Ta`fhrl (`hse stuly ?), at hppehrs tfht snge
lasthk`e deinw 5:g as suo`aekt tn de `nksalerel hdie tn whic up tn 5:g. Fe `hk whic nkiy 4:0:
steps, wfa`f we deiaeve hpprnxaghtes tn h lasthk`e no hdnut 8540g (thcakb h bekernus estaghte no h
25`g strale, tfnubf hk niler ghk ak phak as iaceiy tn thce sfnrter steps). \fe les`raptnr `fna`e bavek as
@, `hk gnve up tn 5: getres ukhalel dut kn ourtfer. At as ehsy tn see fnw tfas `nk`iusank as reh`fel, hs
fe as `iehriy knt ektareiy ak`hphdie no gnvakb hrnukl, hs requarel onr les`raptnr B, hkl tfere as kn hal fe
`hk de rehsnkhdiy expe tel tn use, sn fe `hkknt de hssessel hs ao fe were usakb at. Zerverseiy, at hppehrs
fe wnuil s`nre 85 pnakts hs les`raptnr O ao fe usel h wfeei`fhar, hs tfe lao`uitaes fe experaek`es watf
fas fhkls wnuil prevekt fag orng seio-prnpeiiakb. Les`raptnrs requarakb tfht h persnk de hdie tn trhvei
ourtfer tfhk h `erthak lasthk`e wnuil ghce at `iehr wfetfer h phrta uihr les`raptnr as shtasel, hkl hvnal
hky gasuklersthklakbs iehlakb tn httegpts tn letergake exh`tiy fnw ohr h persnk `nuil gnve watf h
bavek hal. Re re`nggekl tfht tfe wnrls up tn knt de usel ak H`tavaty 88 les`raptnrs, dut akstehl
eh`f les`raptnr reoer tn h spe`a` dek`fghrc lasthk`e, requarakb tfht tfe `ihaghkt de hdie tn gnve
ourtfer tfhk tfht lasthk`e.
\fe oh`t tfht wfeei`fhars hre nkiy `nksalerel wfere tfey hre keelel tn gnve 5:g as h very sfhrp
iagathtank. Re see orng tfe `hse stulaes tfht tfas wnuil ex`iule penpie wfn keel h wfeei`fhar onr hky
sabka`hkt h`tavaty nutsale tfe fnge, hs ak tfe `hse no Hkly (`hse stuly 2). Hkly uses h sta`c tn bet
hrnukl ht fnge, hkl `hk whic
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank 08
A hg `ngpieteiy sfn`cel ht fnw tfe pnakts systeg as stru`turel nk tfe kew
ZAZ. A fhve spakh dalh hkl hk hrta`hi Ssa`W ieb yet de`huse A bet hrnukl nk
`rut`fes A waii nkiy quhiaoy onr tfe inwer rhte gndaiaty phrt. A `urrektiy bet
tfe fabf rhte gndaiaty/LIH wfa`f A use onr h gnthdaiaty `hr hkl tfas baves
ge gy aklepeklek`e. At as kn exhbberhtank tn shy tfht watfnut at A waii de
vartuhiiy fnusednukl. Nkiy hdie tn bet nut wfek sngenke `hk thce ge hkltfas waii akturk Ssa`W eooe`t gy `failrek fnw waii tfey bet tn s`fnni>
Users no `rut`fes gust repih`e oerruies, hkl ghy keel tn duy phllel binves onr exteklel use3 tfese
binves wehr nut hkl gust de repih`el. Users no wfeeiel whicakb orhges gust knt nkiy h`quare tfe
orhges, rhreiy prnvalel dy tfe KFP, tfey gust hisn eksure tfey hre ghakthakel hkl serva`el, repih`e
wnrk-nut phrts, hkl iaceiy evektuhiiy repih`e tfe wfnie orhge. Pagaihriy, users no su`f hals oh`e h``ess
lao`uitaes sagaihr tn wfeei`fhar users ak ghky `hses3 steps hre lao`uit nr agphsshdie, `urds presekt
sabka`hkt ndsth`ies, hkl lnnrs hre lao`uit nr agpnssadie tn kebntahte. Agprnvegekts ak h``ess sak`e
tfe Lashdaiaty Las`ragakhtank H`t hkl Equhiaty H`t, wfaie sabka`hkt, fhve ohr orng eiagakhtel tfese
lao`uitaes. \fey ex`iule tfnse usakb su`f gndaiaty hals orng h``ess tn ghky dusakess pregases, restra`t
tfear `fna`e no fnusakb, hkl evek presekt lao`uitaes kebntahtakb pudia` streets, hii tnn notek oehturakb
ukevek phvakb, `nddies, hdsekt nr aksuo`aekt lrnp cerds. Zudia` trhkspnrt as ohr orng ukavershiiy h`-
`essadie, evek h``essadie duses hkl trhaks deakb orequektiy tnn `rnwlel. \fas `rehtes hllatankhi `nsts onr
leiaveraes, trhkspnrt, hkl fhvakb restra`tel `fna`es no prnvalers no bnnls hkl serva`es. Re re`nggekl
tfht use no hals ntfer tfhk wfeei`fhars hkl gntnrasel leva`es knt de `nksalerel equavhiekt tn usakb
kn hal ht hky lasthk`e, nr ht iehst ak tfe 5:4::g lasthk`e rhkbe. \fas as gnst agpnrthkt onr hals
tfht requare tfe use no dntf fhkls onr gnst no tfe tage tfey hre ak use, su`f hs whicakb orhges hkl
phars no `rut`fes.
Re hre hisn `nk`erkel dy tfe muxthpnsatank no les`raptnr H nr D watf les`raptnr L, espe`ahiiy bavek
tfe exhgpie ukler L ak tfe expihkhtnry kntes, alektaes aklavaluhis wfn `hk use hk hal nr hppiahk`e tn
gnve up tn 5: getres dut tfek requare h wfeei`fhar onr hkytfakb ourtfer. Ao h persnk requares h sabka`hktgndaiaty hal, ntfer tfhk h wfeei`fhar nr gntnrasel leva`e, ak nrler tn gnve 5:g, at seegs hpprnprahte
tfht tfey s`nre rebhrliess no tfe lasthk`e tfey ghy tfek de hdie tn trhvei. Hs expihakel hdnve, su`f hals
`hk presekt h sabka`hkt dhrraer hkl `nst. Re re`nggekl tfht tfe requaregekt onr hk hal tn gnve
5:g `iehriy ektatie h `ihaghkt tn ht iehst Pthklhrl rhte no tfe Gndaiaty eiegekt ak H`tavaty 88. \fe
exhgpie ak tfe expihkhtnry kntes subbestakb tfas wnuil nkiy de hvhaihdie ao h gnre sabka`hkt hal
were keelel tn trhvei ourtfer tfhk 5:g sfnuil de regnvel nr hiterel. H `ihaghkt wfn `hk gnve
ukhalel tn snge lasthk`e sfnrter tfhk 5:g, dut requares hk hal ntfer tfhk h wfeei`fhar tn trhvei hs
ohr hs, nr ourtfer tfhk 5:g, sfnuil s`nre per les`raptnr L ak tfe se`nkl lrhot hssessgekt `raterah.
Tespnklekts fhve hisn akla`htel hrehs no hllatankhi `nsts reihtel tn gndaiaty tfht hre knt `nksalerel
ak tfe prnpnsel systeg=
\fht tfe why A whic as akeo`aekt gehks A wehr nut sfnes gnre qua`ciy tfhkh knk-lashdiel persnk, sn A ak`ur `nsts iakcel tn wehrakb nut `intfakb.
Fnwever, we fhve kn spe`a` re`nggeklhtanks watf rebhrl tn tfas prndieg.
\fese cey re`nggeklhtanks ghy de sugghrasel dy hiterakb H`tavaty 88s les`raptnrs tn tfnse sfnwk
ak thdie0.0nk tfe oniinwakb phbe. \n ceep ak iake watf hii no tfe re`nggeklhtanks hdnve, at as ke`esshry
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank 04
tn ak`iule hk hllatankhi lasthk`e, hs we `nksaler lasthk`es spe`ael hs rhkbes tn de prndieghta . At hisn
ak`nrpnrhtes tfe re`nggeklhtanks no se`tank0.
Ak tfe expihkhtnry knte we set nut prnpnshis onr tfe weabftakbs no les`raptnrs ak tfe h`tavataes
reihtakb tn ektatiegekt tn tfe Gndaiaty `ngpnkekt (h`tavataes 8:-88). Ak tfas ln`ugekt we
fhve set nut tfe ektatiegekt tfresfnils onr tfe deket. Fnw weii ln ynu tfakc tfey wnrc tn
lastakbuasf detweek laooerakb ieveis no hdaiaty ak eh`f h`tavaty> Fnw weii ln ynu tfakc tfey
wnrc tn pranratase aklavaluhis nk tfe dhsas no tfear nverhii keel> Ln ynu tfakc we keel tn
ghce hky `fhkbes tn weabftakbs nr tfresfnils>
\fere whs sabka`hkt lashbreegekt watf tfe s`nres hkl tfresfnils onr Gndaiaty ak tfe ZAZ se`nkl
lrhot hssessgekt `raterah hkl `nksuithtank ln`ugekt. 6
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank 00
0. Ln we keel tn ghce hky `fhkbes>
Hitfnubf tfas questank reoers tn Tebuihtanks 8
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank 0
Ak tfe hssessgekt hk aklavaluhi gust de hdie tn `ngpiete hk h`tavaty les`raptnr reiahdiy,
repehteliy, shoeiy hkl ak h tageiy ghkker. Ntferwase tfey sfnuil de `nksalerel ukhdie tn
`ngpiete tfe h`tavaty les`radel ht tfht ievei. Ak phrhbrhpf 2.< no tfe expihkhtnry knte we set
nut lrhot lekatanks onr tfese hs oniinws=
Teiahdiy gehks tn h rehsnkhdie sthklhrl.
Ak h tageiy ohsfank gehks ak iess tfhk twa`e tfe tage at wnuil thce onr hk aklavaluhi
watfnut hky agphargekt.
Tepehteliy gehks `ngpietel hs notek lurakb tfe lhy hs tfe aklavaluhi h`tavaty requares.
@nksalerhtank keels tn de bavek tn tfe `uguihtave eooe`ts no sygptngs su`f hs phak
hkl ohtabue a.e. wfetfer `ngpietakb tfe h`tavaty hlverseiy hooe`ts tfe aklavaluhis
hdaiaty tn sudsequektiy `ngpiete ntfer h`tavataes.
Phoeiy gehks ak h ohsfank tfht as ukiaceiy tn `huse fhrg tn tfe aklavaluhi, eatfer lare`tiy nr
tfrnubf vuikerhdaiaty tn tfe h`tanks no ntfers3 nr tn hkntfer persnk.
Rfht hre ynur vaews nk tfese> Pnge nrbhkashtanks fhve subbestel tfht tfese tergs sfnuil
de ak`iulel watfak tfe rebuihtanks. Ln ynu hbree> Ao sn, ln ynu fhve vaews nk fnw we
sfnuil ln sn onr exhgpie, hs h bekerhi prnvasank nr reoerrakb tn tfeg ak tfe lethai no h`tavaty
les`raptnrs>
\fere as bekerhi suppnrt tn tfe prak apie no tfese oh`tnrs. \fere as, fnwever, sabka`hkt oeeiakb
tfht tfese oh`tnrs sfnuil fhve ouii iebasihtave onr`e, onr exhgpie dy ak`iusank ak rebuihtanks. 64.:% no
respnklekts hbreel watf tfe sthtegekt Teiahdiy, Tepehteliy, Phoeiy hkl Ak h \ageiy Ohsfank sfnuil
de bavek iebhi onr`e, knt must de ak bualhk`e, 52.0% hbreeakb strnkbiy3 nkiy 5.0% lashbreel watf tfe
sthtegekt.
Re knte tfht tfe Lashdaiaty Dekets @nksnrtaug, `nggektakb nk tfe rst lrhot, ndservel tfht tfere
as kntfakb ak tfe `raterah (nr ak tfe rebuihtanks) tfht wnuil h`t hs h prngpt tn eksure tfht aklavaluhis
gust de hdie tn uklerthce hk h`tavaty repehteliy, reiahdiy hkl shoeiy, lespate tfas deakb gektankel ak tfe
h``ngphkyakb akonrghtank. Evalek`e `niie`tel orng tfe Rnrc @hphdaiaty Hssessgekt legnkstrhtes tfht
su`f `nksalerhtanks hre knt thcek prnperiy aktn h``nukt ao knt nk tfe oh`e no tfe test.S8
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank 02
nkiy deakb hdie tn ghce dhreiy eladie onnl de knt reiahdiy> Rfht quhktaty no onnl gust nke de hdie
tn su``essouiiy bet aktn nkes gnutf, `ngphrel tn tfe hgnukt tfht gasses, deonre nke as hdie tn `nkvey
onnl tn nkes gnutf reiahdiy> Pagaihriy, ak nrler tn letergake wfht as h tageiy ohsfank, tfere waii keel tn
de bualhk`e hs tn tfe tage hk ukagpharel persnk wnuil thce tn `ngpiete eh`f h`tavaty, hkl fnw notek hk
h`tavaty wnuil knrghiiy de peronrgel ak h lhy. Re re`nggekl tfht knrghtave exhgpies de prnvalel
tn hal ak tfe hppia`htank no tfe oh`tnrs Teiahdiy, Tepehteliy hkl Ak h tageiy ohsfank, hkl tfht tfe
Bnverkgekt `nksuit waleiy nk tfese exhgpies. Re ln knt oeei at essektahi tfht su`f h `nksuithtank
de onrghi, dut at gust de npek tn hii akterestel phrtaes.
Npakank as lavalel nk wfetfer tfese oh`tnrs sfnuil de gektankel ak tfe h`tavataes hkl les`raptnrs. Ao
tfey ln knt fhve iebasihtave onr`e, at wnuil de deke`ahi tn ak`iule tfnse oh`tnrs gnst reievhkt tn eh`f
h`tavaty ak tfe lekatank no tfht h`tavaty hkl ats les`raptnrs. Ao tfey fhve iebasihtave onr`e hkl oehture
prngakektiy ak tfe trhakakb no hssessnrs hkl Le`asank Ghcers, at wnuil de iess useoui, hkl ghy de fhrg-
oui. Onr exhgpie, ao snge h`tavataes spe`a`hiiy reoerek`e tfe questank no Phoety, at wnuil seeg agpia`at
tfht shoety as knt hk agpnrthkt oh`tnr ak ntfer h`tavataes. Zrnvalel tfht tfe oh`tnrs no Teiahdiy, Te-
pehteliy, Phoeiy hkl Ak h tageiy ohsfank hre bavek iebasihtave onr`e, hkl oehture prngakektiy ak
trhakakb, we re`nggekl tfht tfey knt de gektankel spe`a`hiiy ak tfe h`tavataes nr les`raptnrs.\fere as sabka`hkt `nk`erk tfht phak, khuseh, ohtabue, vertabn hkl ntfer onrgs no las`ngonrt waii knt
de hlequhteiy hiinwel onr dy tfese oh`tnrs, evek watf tfe re`nggeklhtanks hdnve=
\fere as aksuo`aekt httektank phal tn phak hkl ohtabue3 tfe rebuihtankssfnuil use tfe pfrhse watfnut severe las`ngonrt tn akla`hte wfetfer
sngenke `hk ln sngetfakb nr knt.
Zenpie ak fnrreklnus hgnukts no phak hre `nksalerel peroe`tiy `hphdie nogndaiasakb.
Zenpie hre knt fhppy tfht tfey ghy de `nksalerel hdie tn ln sngetfakb ao lnakb sn `huses tfeg
aktekse phak, wnrseks vertabn, aklu`es khuseh, hkl sn onrtf. Akstehl, tfey sfnuil de `nksalerel ukhdie tn
ln sngetfakb ao at `huses hky onrg no severe las`ngonrt. Re hre uksure fnw tfas sfnuil de fhkliel ak tfe
`hse no penpie wfn hre ak `nktakunus severe las`ngonrt onr sabka`hkt prnpnrtanks no tfe tage. Ak ghky
`hses at ghy de hpprnprahte tn `nksaler tfas ak tergs no tfe hllatankhi las`ngonrt `husel dy tfe h`tavaty,
dut tfnse ak very severe las`ngonrt gnst no tfe tage sfnuil bekerhiiy knt de `nksalerel hdie tn ln ghky
h`tavataes, hs su`f las`ngonrt `hk de presugel tn prevekt tfe ke`esshry `nk`ektrhtank nk gnst thscs.
Re re`nggekl tfht h otf oh`tnr de hllel tn suppiegekt Teiahdiy, Tepehteliy, Phoeiy hkl Ak h
tageiy ohsfank3 tfe hssessgekt sfnuil hisn hsc wfht tfey `hk ln Ratfnut severe las`ngonrt.
Hs hk ndservhtank tfht ghy de no use ak trhakakb hssessnrs, we fhve onukl tfht lashdiel penpie ln knt
usuhiiy tfakc ak tfe shge tergs hs usel ak tfe se`nkl lrhot hkl `nksuithtank. \fe use no `iehriy lekel,
hkhiyta`hi tergs ak iebasihtank hkl bualhk`e as uklersthklhdie, dut ghy iehl tn h gasght`f lurakb tfe
hssessgekt prn`ess. Onr exhgpie, we fhve onukl tfht lashdiel penpie notek tfakc no tfese oh`tnrs ak
tergs no strubbie. Ao h persnk as ukhdie tn ln sngetfakb ak h tageiy ohsfank, tfey waii notek tfakc no at
hs strubbiakb tn ln at qua`ciy eknubf, onr exhgpie, nr ao ukhdie tn ln at reiahdiy tfey ghy tfakc no at hs
strubbiakb tn ln at weii eknubf. \fe `ngpnukl eooe`t ghy de tfnubft no sagpiy hs strubbiakb tn ln
at. Re re`nggekl tfht hssessnr trhakakb ak`iule bualhk`e nk tfe whys tfht lashdiel penpie ghy
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank 06
tfakc no tfakbs, hkl tfe tergs tfey gabft use, hs tfey ghy knt tfakc no tfakbs ak tfe shge tergs
usel ak iebasihtank nr no`ahi bualhk`e.
\fere as `nk`erk tfht Phoety waii de tfnubft no wfniiy nr praghraiy ak tergs no pfysa`hi fhrg tn
aklavaluhis. Lhghbe tn prnperty sfnuil de `nksalerel hs weii, hs sfnuil egntankhi fhrg, su`f hs wfere
hk h`tavaty as iaceiy tn iehl tn experaek`es tfht hre trabberakb no gekthi fehitf prndiegs, nr tfe rascno lhghbakb cat`fek equapgekt. Re re`nggekl tfht tfe lekatank no Phoeiy `iehriy ek`ngphss
egntankhi fhrg hkl lhghbe tn prnperty.
At as agpnrthkt tn knte tfht tfe oh`t h persnk lnes sngetfakb lnes knt ak atseio sfnw tfht tfey ln at
Phoeiy. Lashdiel penpie, iace hky ntfer persnk, hre oree tn le`ale tn ln tfakbs tfht hre ukshoe nr ukwase
onr tfear nwk rehsnks. H persnk wfn as knt bekerhiiy `nksalerel shoe tn iehve tfear fnge hinke ghy
le`ale tfht tfey hre bnakb onr h sfnrt whic rebhrliess no tfas, de`huse tfey oeei tfe rasc as nutweabfel dy
tfe deket no bettakb nut no tfear fnge onr h oew gakutes. Zenpie wfn `hkknt `nnc shoeiy ghy le`ale tfht
tfe rasc as wnrtf at tn eht sngetfakb laooerekt, nr tn fhve tfe `fhk`e no tfe pnssadie rewhrl no shtasoh`tank
ht tfear nwk h`faevegekt. \fas as phrta uihriy reievhkt tn kew `ihaghkts, wfn hre iaceiy tn de fhvakb tn
ghkhbe hs dest tfey `hk watfnut tfe suppnrt nr hals tfht ZAZ wnuil hoonrl tfeg, dut at as hisn h oree `fna`e
no tfnse hirehly re`eavakb tfe deket. Re re`nggekl tfht at de ghle `iehr tn hssessnrs, Le`asankGhcers hkl tradukhi gegders tfht penpie ghy peronrg hk h`tavaty lespate at deakb ukshoe, hkl
tfht peronrgakb tfe h`tavaty as knt prnno tfht tfey `hk ln at Phoeiy. Pagaihr hrbugekts fnil onr tfe
ntfer oh`tnrs tfht hre tn de `nksalerel, dut Phoety as tfe gnst phrhgnukt oh`tnr ak tfas respe`t.
\fere as `nk`erk tfht Tepehteliy waii de tfnubft no ektareiy ak tergs no tfe eooe`ts no hk h`tavaty nk
h `ihaghkts hdaiaty tn peronrg ntfer h`tavataes tfht lhy. Ghky `nklatanks iehl tn ohtabue tfht ihst deynkl
tfht lhy, hkl ghky aklavaluhis kl tfht tfe ouii eooe`ts no phak hkl ohtabue orng exertank hre knt oeit
uktai tfe kext lhy. Re re`nggekl tfht tfe lekatank no Tepehteliy `iehriy reoer tn tfe agph`t nk
hdaiaty tn peronrg ntfer h`tavataes nk sudsequekt lhys hs weii hs tfe shge lhy.
\fere as `nk`erk tfht Tepehteliy waii de tfnubft no ektareiy ak tergs no tfe eooe`ts no hk h`tavaty
nk h `ihaghkts hdaiaty tn peronrg tfe ntfer h`tavataes `nksalerel ak tfe ZAZ hssessgekt. Ghky ntferh`tavataes hre essektahi tn iaoe, hkl wfaie we uklersthkl tfht at wnuil de `nktrhry tn tfe prak`apies no
ZAZ tn `nksaler hii lhy-tn-lhy h`tavataes, lashdiel penpie ln staii fhve tn fnnver, thce nut ruddasf, ln
tfear mnds nr vniukthry wnrc. Lashdiel penpie hre hisn ektatiel tn expe`t tn de hdie tn ekbhbe ak sn`ahi
hkl re`rehtankhi h`tavataes nk tfe shge dhsas hs penpie wfn hre knt lashdiel. Re re`nggekl tfht
tfe lekatank no Tepehteliy `iehriy `nksaler tfe agph`t nk hii rehsnkhdie h`tavataes no h persnks
lhy-tn-lhy iaoe, knt nkiy tfnse h`tavataes `nksalerel ak tfe ZAZ hssessgekt.
\fere as `nk`erk tfht tfese oh`tnrs ghy nkiy de `nksalerel ak asnihtank. Onr exhgpie, at ghy de
pnssadie onr sngenke tn ln sngetfakb Phoeiy, hkl pnssadie onr tfeg tn ln at Ak h tageiy ohsfank, dut knt
pnssadie onr tfeg tn ln dntf3 thcakb tfe extrh steps hkl pre`hutanks tn ln at shoeiy `hk ghce tfe thsc thce
`nksalerhdiy inkber. Re re`nggekl tfht rebuihtanks ghce at expia`atiy `iehr tfht tfe h`tavaty gust
de hdie tn de peronrgel Teiahdiy, Tepehteliy, Phoeiy hklAk h tageiy ohsfank, hs weii hs hky ntfer
oh`tnrs tfht ghy de `nksalerel, hii ht tfe shge tage.
0.6 Xuestank 6
\fe Bnverkgekt `nksuithtank hscs=
Rfht hre ynur vaews nk tfe lekatanks ak tfe rebuihtanks>
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank 01
\fe lrhot rebuihtanks `nkthak h kugder no lekatanks ak Tebuihtank 8 (Akterprethtank) hkl
P`feluie 8. Ln we keel tn ghce `fhkbes tn hky no tfese>
Re sfnuil rst knte tfht at as Tebuihtank 4 tfht `nk`erks akterprethtank hkl lekatanks, knt Tebuihtank
83 Tebuihtank 8 `nk`erks `athtank hkl `nggek`egekt.\fere as lasshtasoh`tank watf ghky lekatanks. 62.8% no respnklekts lashbreel watf tfe sthtegekt
tfe lekatanks usel ak tfe ZAZ hssessgekt hre bekerhiiy seksadie, 54.0% lashbreeakb strnkbiy3 nkiy
4.4% no respnklekts hbreel watf tfht sthtegekt. \fere hre h kugder no hrehs we fhve las`erkel phrta`uihr
`nk`erk nver.
Ghky no tfese hlmustgekts tn lekatanks hre essektahiiy lupia`htave no pnakts ghle ak ehriaer ques-
tanks. \fas as de`huse tfey hre reievhkt hkswers tn dntf questanks. Fnwever, knt hii hiterel lekatanks
ke`esshry tn agpiegekt nur ehriaer re`nggeklhtanks hre gektankel ak tfas se`tank. \fas lnes knt gehk
tfht we ln knt tfakc su`f `fhkbes hre ke`esshry. Ghky no nur re`nggeklhtanks ak vhranus se`tanks no
tfas sudgassank `nuil de agpiegektel prak`aphiiy dy tfe hiterhtank no lekatanks.
Znakt (`) no tfe lekatank no hal nr hppiahk`e as h `huse onr `nk`erk. At seegs tn subbest tfht hky halnr hppiahk`e tfht wnuil knt de ukusuhi onr hk ukagpharel persnk tn use waii de abknrel ao at ak`rehses tfe
dhrraers oh`el dy tfe `ihaghkt. \fas as knt `iehr, fnwever. Evek ao at we hre `nrre`t ak nur uklersthklakb
no tfas, we ln knt deiaeve tfht at as rehsnkhdie. Re re`nggekl tfht pnakt (`) ak tfe lekatank no hal
nr hppiahk`e de ghle `iehr, hkl tfek ourtfer `nksuitel upnk. Re hisn oeei tfht pnakt (h) ak tfe
lekatank de siabftiy exteklel tn ak`iule tfe ghaktekhk`e no h ouk`tank, sn tfht hals tfht hre usel ak
nrler tn ghakthak h ievei no `hphdaiaty hre ak`iulel3 `iehriy, tfe hssessgekt sfnuil knt de dhsel nk h
`ihaghkt knt usakb equapgekt tfht waii prevekt tfear `nklatank leteranrhtakb. Re re`nggekl tfht pnakt
(h) ak tfe lekatank no hal nr hppiahk`e de exteklel dy tfe ak`iusank no ghakthak ak tfe iast no
prnpertaes ak reihtank tn ouk`tank.
Dhtfe as lekel hs `iehkakb nkes tnrsn, oh`e hkl uklerhrgs. Hs kntel ak se`tank0.8.5nk phbe86,
tfere hre kugernus prndiegs watf tfas lekatank. Nur re`nggeklhtanks ak tfht se`tank nutiake fnw atsfnuil de hiterel. Onr reoerek`e tfe cey pnakts ak hgeklakb at sfnuil de tfe exteksank no hrehs no tfe
dnly whsfel tn ak`iule tfe iagds, spe`aoyakb tfht tfe akatahi hssugptank as tfe use no h dhtf nr sfnwer,
hkl eksurakb tfht tfe ak`iusave lekatank no tnrsn onukl ak tfe Nxonrl Ekbiasf La`tankhry hkl hkhtnga`hi
reoerek`es de usel.
Re fhve kntel `nk`erks rebhrlakb tfe lekatank hkl akterprethtank no `nnc ak se`tank 0.8.4 nk
phbe8
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank
Tebuihtanks 5 tn 8: no tfe lrhot rebuihtanks reihte tn eiegekts no tfe hssessgekt prn`ess onrZersnkhi Aklepeklek`e Zhygekt, hrnukl tfe requaregekt tn prnvale akonrghtank hkl httekl
oh`e-tn-oh`e `nksuithtanks, tfe `nksequek`es no ohaiakb tn geet tfese requaregekts hkl wfek
aklavaluhis gabft fhve bnnl rehsnk onr knt geetakb tfese. Ln ynu fhve hky `nggekts nk
tfese rebuihtanks>
Re fhve h kugder no `nk`erks hrnukl hspe`ts `nverel dy tfese lrhot rebuihtanks. Re fhve snrtel tfe
hrehs we fhve alektael aktn sephrhte se`tanks onr `ihraty.
0.1.8 Akonrghtank tn de Zrnvalel
Re hre `nk`erkel tfht Tebuihtank 5(8)(d) baves hk npek eklel pnwer onr hssessnrs nr Le`asank Ghcers
tn requare hky akonrghtank orng h `ihaghkt, watfnut iagat. Re ln knt uklersthkl wfy hky akonrghtank ak
ex`ess no tfht `nverel dy 5(8)(h)3 fnw `hk akonrghtank knt reihtel tn h `ihaghkts `hphdaiaty tn peronrg
tfe h`tavataes no tfe hssessgekt de reievhkt tn tfe hssessgekt> Re deiaeve tfht at as rehsnkhdie tn requare
tfe Pe`rethry no Pthte tn legnkstrhte tfe reievhk`e no tfe akonrghtank requestel. Re re`nggekl tfht
Tebuihtank 5(8)(d) de regnvel.
\fe hdaiaty tn prnvale akonrghtank as iaceiy tn de hooe`tel dy pudia` fnialhys. Re re`nggekl tfht
tfe peranl no tage spe`ael ak Tebuihtank 5(4) de spe`ael tn thce h``nukt no pudia` fnialhys.
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank
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@fhpter hssetlet805208:705:8, 4:88.
S88W wehresphrth`us.nrb.uc. Re Hre Pphrth`us wedsate. fttp=//wehresphrth`us.nrb.uc/.
S84W Re Hre Pphrth`us onrugs.fttp=//sphrth`usonrug.nrb.uc/.
S80W \fe Buale Lnbs onr tfe Diakl Hssn ahtank. Buale Lnbs UC @fhraty onr tfe Diakl hkl Zhrtahiiy
Pabftel. fttp=//www.bualelnbs.nrb.uc/, 4:84.
S8
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Hppeklax H
H Zersnkhi Exhgpie no tfe Keel onr
Expeksave Equapgekt onr Ghkhbegekt no
@nklatank, Zhak, hkl Pieep
\fas se`tank as tfe verdhtag sudgassank no h `urrekt LIH `ihaghkt wfn uses expeksave equap-
gekt tn ghkhbe phak, `nktrni tfear `nklatank hkl oh`aiathte sieep
A `urrektiy re`eave LIH fabfer rhte `hre hkl gndaiaty, hkl A hg very `nk`erkel tfht tfe se`nkl lrhot
ZAZ `raterah ln knt prnvale prnxaes onr tfe `nst no expeksave equapgekt keelel tn ghkhbe gy phak hkl
drehtfiesskess, prevekt leteranrhtank ak gy `nklatank hkl ghxagaze gy weii-deakb. A fhve fhl severe
hkcyinsakb spnklyiatas hkl spakhi nstenhrtfratas onr ghky yehrs hkl A fhve h inrlnta` spake hkl restra`tel
`fest exphksank. Nke no gy dabbest `fhiiekbes as tn kl whys tn ghkhbe severe `frnka` phak. A thce h
kugder no gela`htanks tn ghkhbe phak, ak`iulakb hkta-akfflhgghtnraes hkl gnrpfake3 tfe tnthi kugderno laooerekt lrubs, ak`iulakb tfese, tfht A fhve tn thce nk h lhaiy dhsas as `urrektiy kake. A hisn use fnge
nxybek tn hiievahte drehtfakb lao`uitaes lue tn restra`tel `fest exphksank (wfa`f hisn `huses severe phak
hrnukl gy rad`hbe).
A fhve tn use expeksave equapgekt praghraiy tn=
`nktrni tfe phak `husel dy pressure nk gy spake hkl mnakts, hkl
prnvale pnsturhi suppnrt tn ekhdie gy dnly tn hssuge h pnsatank tfht gakagazes phak hkl ghxag-
azes resparhtnry ouk`tank.
Gy BZ hkl A fhve requestel feip orng dntf fehitf hkl sn`ahi `hre serva`es watf tfe `nst no tfas equap-
gekt dut nur requests fhve deek turkel lnwk lespate hk hssessgekt dy tfe `nggukaty pfysantferhpast
wfa`f `nkrgs gy keels.
Pak`e tfe siabftest pressure nk gy fap mnakts hkl gy tfnrh`a` hkl iugdhr spake `huses very severe
phak, A fhve tn use h lykhga har ghttress, ak`nrpnrhtakb h pugp. \fas ghttress, h Dreeze orng
Hrmn-Fuktieabf, hisn prnvales pnsturhi suppnrt dy gnuilakb atseio tn tfe `nktnurs no gy inrlnta` spake.
\fe Dreeze ghttress `nst ge 0,2:: ak ihte 4::1 hkl `nsts hpprnxaghteiy 8:: per yehr tn serva`e3 at as
expe`tel tn ihst h tnthi no 58: yehrs, hoter wfa`f tage at waii keel tn de repih`el. A dnubft tfas wfek at
de`hge hpphrekt tfht h gegnry onhg ghttress kn inkber prnvalel suo`aekt pressure reiaeo.
5
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank 55
Lue tn tfe akfflhgghtnry hkl lebekerhtave prndiegs watf gy spake, A hg ukhdie tn iae fflht watfnut
experaek`akb extrege phak3 A fhve tn sieep watf gy sfnuilers hkl gy ckees rhasel. \fas pnsatank hisn
feips ge tn exphkl gy iukbs. At as agpnssadie tn reiahdiy `rehte tfas sfhpe watf paiinws, evek watf
`nksthkt hssasthk`e orng hkntfer persnk, sn A fhve h prniakb delhk Hrmn-Fuktieabf Gakuet 4, wfa`f
`nst 8,4:: tn pur`fhse hkl hpprnxaghteiy 8:: per yehr tn serva`e3 at as expe`tel tn ihst hdnut 85 yehrs,
hoter wfa`f tage at ghy keel tn de repih`el. A usel tn fhve hk hlmusthdie del orng h fabf street stnre dut
at lal knt prnvale tfe pnsturhi suppnrt nooerel dy spe`ahiast, fnspathi-type dels su`f hs tfe Gakuet 4.
Teiaeo no pressure hisn ke`essathtes tfe use no _hraiate `usfanks, wfa`f `nkthak h `usfank no har
hs weii hs gnuilakb tfegseives hrnukl tfe dnly. A fhve nke _hraiate `usfank wfa`f as xel sega-
perghkektiy tn gy pnwerel wfeei`fhar hkl nke wfa`f sagaihriy repih`es tfe sthklhrl seht phllakb no
gy hrg`fhar. Eh`f no tfese `usfanks `nst 005 hkl ghy keel tn de repih`el hoter 05 yehrs.
Ak hllatank tn deakb ukhdie tn iae fflht, A hg ukhdie tn sat uprabft onr hky iekbtf no tage hkl A hisn keel
ex`eiiekt iugdhr suppnrt. A tfereonre fhve h Cartnk Oatonrg hlmusthdie hrg`fhar, `nstakb 0,:::, wfa`f
prnvales hk essektahi tait-ak-sph`e ouk`tank tn ekhdie ge tn sat ak h sagaihr pnsatank tn tfht wfa`f A hlnpt
ak del. \fe `fhar hisn fhs hk hlmusthdie iugdhr suppnrt wfa`f prnvales tfe essektahi suppnrt A keel
onr gy inrlnta spake. Hlmusthdie `fhars orng ghakstrehg prnvalers ln knt prnvale h true tait-ak-sph`eoh`aiaty dut oh`aiathte h re`iakel pnsatank wfa`f as tnn fflht tn suppnrt gy dnly. A fnpe gy Oatonrg `fhar
waii bave ge ghky yehrs no serva`e dut at ghy keel tn de repih`el ht snge pnakt ak tfe outure.
Ak hllatank tn tfe hdnve ategs no equapgekt, A hisn fhve tn phy onr hkl ghakthak gy nwk wfeei`fhar,
watf h tait-ak-sph`e ouk`tank, hs A ln knt geet tfe `raterah onr h pnwerel wfeei`fhar nk tfe KFP dut hg
ukhdie tn use h ghkuhi `fhar. Gy fabfer rhte gndaiaty `ngpnkekt no LIH phys onr hk akterkhi trhksoer
wfeei`fhar h``essadie vefa`ie, onr wfa`f tfe lnwkphygekt whs ghakiy get dy h brhkt orng tfe Ppe`ahiast
_efa`ies Oukl. Rfaist tfe rest no gy equapgekt, les`radel hdnve, as extregeiy expeksave, gy fabfer rhte
`hre `ngpnkekt no LIH ghces snge `nktradutank tn tfe fube nverhii expekse no ghkhbakb gy `nklatank.
\fe keel onr expeksave equapgekt sfnuil de `nverel dy suathdie prnxaes ak tfe ZAZ `raterah sn tfht A `hk
hoonrl tn ghakthak hkl repih`e at hs ke`esshry.
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Hppeklax D
Aiiustrhtank no Zerverse Tesuits no Lrhot
Tebuihtank
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank 52
H`tavaty 8 15% L= keels prngptakb tn prephre hkl `nnc h sagpie
gehi
4 pnakts
?:% O= keels hssasthk`e tn prephre hkl `nnc h sagpie
gehi
< pnakts
P`nre usel as 4 pnakts
H`tavaty < 8::% O= Keels hal tn dhtfe 4 pnakts
?:% B= keels hssasthk`e tn dhtfe < pnakts
P`nre usel as 4 pnakts
H tavaty ? ?:% L= keels hssasthk`e tn lress tfear inwer fhio 0 pnakts
Pfe s`nres 2, ohaiakb tn quhiaoy onr hky Lhaiy Iavakb rhte.
\fus Dnd as ektatiel tn Pthklhrl Lhaiy Iavakb, hkl Hia`e, wfn oh`es brehter dhrraers hkl `nsts, as
knt. \fas as de`huse
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Hppeklax @
\fe Experaek`e no hk Ak`nktakekt
HluitH @rata`asg no tfe Pe`nkl Lrhots
\rehtgekt no Ak`nktakek`e
\fas se`tank as tfe verdhtag sudgassank no hk hluit watf ouii lnudie ak`nktakek`e.
\fe `nktakek`e les`raptnrs onr ZAZ hre presektiy ak`iulel ak tfe h`tavaty onr tnaiet keels, wfa`f
as knt hpprnprahte, hs tfe tnaiet keels onr tfnse penpie watf knrghi ouk`tank hre very laooerekt orng
tfnse watf eatfer dnwei nr dihller ak`nktakek`etfese hre `nklatanks wfa`f hre `ngpiex hkl fhve ohr
reh`fakb `nksequek`es. \fere hre severhi hrehs no h`tavaty wfa`f hre hssessel onr ZAZ hkl tfe eooe`ts no
ak`nktakek`e hre knt oh`tnrel aktn hky no tfeg, wfa`f `hiis aktn questank tfe vhialaty no tfnse hssessgekts
ak prnvalakb hk nverhii prnxy onr tfe `nsts ak`urrel hs h resuit no lashdaiaty. Onr exhgpie= ak`nktakek`e
ghces at gnre lao`uit tn ekbhbe sn`ahiiy hkl fhs hk agph`t nk gekthi fehitf, sngetages resuitakb ak
hbnrhpfndah. \fas drnubft nk dy tfe oehr no fhvakb hk h` alekt ak pudia . \fas `hk hisn agph t nk
gndaiaty hkl tfe use no pudia` trhkspnrt onr rehsnks hdnve hkl hisn tfe ke`essaty tn `hrry tfe ke`esshry
suppiaes watf wfa`f tn lehi watf su`f n``urrek`estfese eooe`ts hre knt thcek aktn h``nukt hkywfere ak
tfe ZAZ hssessgekt.
Onr sngenke watf knrghi ouk`tank, tnaietakb as hdnut bettakb tn hkl orng tfe tnaiet, feip watf bet-
takb nk hkl noo tfe tnaiet hkl watf `iehkakb hoter tnaiet use. Onr sngenke watf eatfer dnwei nr dihller
ak`nktakek`e - nr ak snge `hses dntftnaietakb ak`iules lehiakb watf tfe eooe`ts no iehchbe/h``alekts
hkl hs h``alekts `hk n``ur hkywfere ht hky tage, orequektiy tfe `iehkakb no ntfer hrehs desale tfe tnaiet
nr dhtfrnng. At ke`essathtes lressakb hkl uklressakb, dhtfakb nr sfnwerakb. Rfere h stngh nr ntfer
`niie`takb leva`e as usel, tnaietakb ak`iules tfe `fhkbakb no dhbs/`niie`takb leva`es hkl hssn`ahtel scak`hre hs weii hs hii tfe ntfer oh`tnrs gektankel hdnve.
Rfaist A hppre`ahte tfht dhtfakb hkl lressakb h`tavataes hre `nverel eisewfere, A wnuil hrbue tfht
tfey hre knt hs strhabftonrwhrl wfek lehiakb watf ak`nktakek`e hs wfek uklerthcek hs phrt no knrghi
everylhy hdiutank h`tavaty. Rhsfakb/dhtfakb, lressakb/uklressakb wnuil n``ur ht tfe sthrt hkl ekl no
eh`f lhy. Rfere ak`nktakek`e as h oh`tnr, tfese h`tavataes `hk n``ur orequektiy tfrnubfnut tfe lhy.
Lressakb hkl uklressakb, onr exhgpie, hoter h dnwei nr dihller h``alekt `hk akvnive tfe regnvhi no
wet nr snaiel phllakb/`intfakb hkl dnlaiy whste orng `intfakb hkl uklerwehr. Dhtfakb as gnre akteksave
hs at requares tfe regnvhi no shge orng tfe scak hkl tfnrnubf `iehksakb tn hvnal akoe`tank hkl eksure
56
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank 51
persnkhi fybaeke. \fe prn`ess hisn akvnives tfe `iehkakb hkl lasakoe`takb no tfe oh`aiataes tn hvnal akoe`-
tank. \fese assues hisn iakc ak tn tfe oh`t tfht ZAZ h`tavataes fhve tn de `ngpietel shoeiy, repehteliy hkl
ak h tageiy ghkkerhii no wfa`f oh`tnr fere.
\fe `nsts akvnivel watf ak`nktakek`e hre prndhdiy hgnkb snge no tfe ehsaest lashdaiaty reihtel `nsts
tn quhktaoy hkl tfas ourtfer `hiis aktn questank wfy ZAZ lnes knt hssess at prnperiy. Onr exhgpie, ak`rehselsfnwerakb/dhtfakb hkl use no whsfakb gh`fakes resuit ak fabfer utaiaty daiistfas as ever gnre reievhkt
hs ouei pra`es rase. @hk ZAZ rehiiy `ihag tn prnvale h rehiasta` hssessgekt no extrh `nst ao tfas as knt
oh`tnrel ak> Hkntfer exhgpie as prnvasankakb no suppiaes. Lue tn ak`rehsel pressure nk tfe KFP, BZs
hre rnutakeiy iagatakb tfe suppiaes hvhaihdie tn ak`nktakek`e suooerers hkl stngh phtaekts, hs tfey hre
suppiael vah oree pres`raptank. \fas pht`fy prnvasankakb gehks tfht LIH as deakb usel dy phtaekts tn duy
wfhtever as knt hvhaihdie orng tfe KFPak`iulakb hpprnprahte persnkhi hkl del phllakb, hpprnprahte
uklerwehr, hktasepta`s hkl dhrraer `rehgs, tn khge dut h oew.
A wnuil hisn hrbue tfht usakb tfe presekt LIH `hre `ngpnkekt, phtaekts hre detter hdie tn snur`e
tfese tfakbs h int gnre `fehpiy tfhk ao tfey were prnvalel vah tfe KFPexhgakhtank no hky spe`ahi-
ast suppiaers wedsate waii `nkrg tfe hstrnknga`hi pra`e no spe`ahiast uklerwehr/phllakb onr exhgpie.
@fehper ghakstrehg ategs wfa`f `hk de gnlael hre waleiy hvhaihdie hkl superghrcet dhsa`s rhkbes akkhppaes prnvale h `fehper hiterkhtave tfhk spe`ahiast phllakb. \fe expe`tel relu`tank ak `nst hkta`aphtel
dy ZAZ waii hignst `erthakiy de wapel nut ak prnvalakb phtaekts wfn inse ektatiegekt watf hiterkhtave
suppnrt ht gu`f fabfer `nst.
Nk h persnkhi ievei, iet ge bave ynu h typa`hi exhgpie no fnw sngenke watf h `nggnk keurninba`hi
`nklatankspakh dalhas hooe`tel dy `nktakek`e assues.
A fhve kn dihllerA fhve h stngh wfa`f repih`es tfe ouk`tank hkl egptaes aktn h dhb htth`fel dy
hlfesave tn gy sale. \fas `nklatank fhs kever deek weii `nktrniiel lue tn orequekt hssn`ahtel scak `nk-
latanks wfa`f `huse prndiegs watf hlfesank no tfe dhbs hkl resuits ak orequekt iehchbe. Dhrraer `rehgs
feip tn snge extekt watf tfe h`tuhi scak `nklatanks, dut tfey `huse hlfesank prndiegs ak tfegseives.
\fe dhbs fhve tn de htth`fel tn `iehk, lry scak, hkl ak gy `hse wfaist iyakb fflht, de`huse A fhve h cakcak tfe scak `husel dy s`hrrakb, wfa`f faklers hlfesank. A keel feip orng sngenke eise tn eksure tfe
dhbs hre pnsatankel `nrre tiy hkl hisn tn feip ge sat up hoterwhrls. Iehcs resuit ak vhryakb lebrees no
wetkess wfa`f requare dhtfakb hkl `fhkbakb `intfeshbhak requarakb feip. A fhve tn de `hreoui hdnut
sattakb pnsatanks, gnvakb hwcwhrliy hkl hisn tfe h`t no whicakb `hk drakb tfe dhbs nooA fhve hk hwc-
whrl twastakb bhat wfa`f hbbrhvhtes tfe prndieg. A use h kabft lrhakhbe dhb wfa`f requares feip orng
sngenke eise tn ghkhbe, hkl kabft h``alekts hre orequektdhtfakb, dellakb/ intfakb `fhkbakb et`, hre
orequekt n``urrek`es ak tfe sghii fnurs.
A fhve kn vniukthry dnwei `nktrni, wfa`f ke`essathtes phllakb hkl prnte`tave uklerwehr ht hii tages.
A fhve kn sekshtank ak hkus nr duttn`cs hkl A fhve tn ln h ghkuhi evh`uhtank lhaiy, onr wfa`f A requare
feip hs A fhve tn hssuge hwcwhrl pnsatanks hkl sngetages iae fflht nk phllakb tn ln tfe ke`esshry. A fhve
tn wht`f gy laet `hreouiiy hs tfe dnwei as ehsaiy arrathtelepasnles no lahrrfneh hre orequekt hkl gessy.
\fe hdsek`e no gus`ie `nktrni hkl tfe eooe`ts no yehrs no ghkuhi evh`uhtanks gehk tfht tfe hkus lnes
knt `inse prnperiy hoter evh`uhtank, resuitakb ak iehchbe. Gnst no tfe tage, hoter hk h``alekt tfe nkiy
fybaeka why no `iehkakb up as tn bet aktn tfe dhtf nr sfnwerhbhak requarakb feip.
\fese hre sthkl hinke `nklatanks ak tfear nwk rabft, dut wfek `nupiel watf gndaiaty prndiegs, iaoe
bets `nksalerhdiy gnre lao`uit. A fhve h keurninba`hi `nklatank hkl hssn`ahtel tetferel `nrl syklrnge
wfa`f gehks tfht wfht inwer iagd ouk`tank A fhve as sinwiy leteranrhtakb. At ghces tnaietakb, sfnwerakb
hkl dhtfakb very lao`uit evek watf hpprnprahte sehtakb hkl hals, hkl sn fhs h sabka`hkt agph`t nk tfe
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank ?:
ghkhbegekt no hssn`ahtel ak`nktakek`e.
A fnpe tfas bekerhi les`raptank no tfe typa`hi prndiegs A oh`e eh`f lhy, feips tn put aktn perspe`tave
tfe `ngpiex khture no tfas hreh no lashdaiaty hkl bnes snge why tnwhrls ghcakb tfe pnakt tfht ZAZ
hssessgekt h`tavaty hkl les`raptnrs onr ak`nktakek`e ln knt deinkb ak tfe bekerhi `htebnry no tnaietakb.
\fe ZAZ hssessgekt sagpiy lnes knt re`nbkase tfe extekt tn wfa`f ak`nktakek`e as h oh`tnr h`rnss h walerhkbe no lashdaiatytfe nkiy hssessgekt prnvalel onr tfe `nklatank ukler ZAZ as tfe sagpie hwhrl no
pnakts wfere tfe `nklatank as knt eooe taveiy ghkhbel. \fe `nklatank as gu`f gnre `ngpiex tfhk tfht,
hkl hisn fhs hk eooe t ak ntfer hrehs no iaoe, hs A fhve trael tn legnkstrhte fere. A ln knt deiaeve tfht
tfe presekt hssessgekt prnvales hk hlequhte prnxy onr tfe sabka`hkt `nst no lehiakb watf tfe `nklatank
hkl hs h resuit, h sabka`hkt kugder no lashdiel penpie waii de ieot watfnut suppnrt, wfa`f iehves tfe
bnverkgekt npek tn tfe `rata`asg tfht tfe lesabk no tfe ZAZ hssessgekt as gnre hdnut shvakb gnkey tfhk
prnvalakb tfht suppnrt.
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Hppeklax L
@ngpiahk`e watf Bnverkgekt @nle no
Zrh`ta`e @nksuithtank @raterah
\fas se`tank as tfe verdhtag text no tfe `ngpihakt we hre sudgattakb tn tfe Lephrtgekts
`nksuithtank ukat rebhrlakb tfe `nklu`t no tfas `nksuithtank.
Re deiaeve tfht tfe LRZ `nksuithtank nk ZAZ hssessgekts, hs `insel Hprai 0:tf 4:84, lal knt shtas-
oh`tnraiy geet tfe Bnverkgekt @nle no Zrh`ta`e onr @nksuithtanks. Re iast deinw tfe why ak wfa`f tfe
`nksuithtank oeii ohr sfnrt no bnnl prh`ta`e.
@raterank 8= Rfek tn `nksuit
Onrghi `nksuithtank sfnuil thce pih`e ht h sthbe wfek tfere as s`npe tn akffluek`e tfe pnia`y nut`nge.
At as sthtel ak tfe `nksuithtank ln`ugekt, phrhbrhpf 5.5, tfht tfe Bnverkgekt lnes knt ekvashbe
ghcakb sabka`hkt `fhkbes tn tfe drnhl prak`apies nr s`npe no tfe hssessgekt a.e. tn ak`nrpnrhte sn`ahi
hkl ekvarnkgekthi oh`tnrs.
H `nksuithtanks purpnse as tn seec hkswers tfht `hk akonrg pnia`y. Ao at fhs hirehly deek le`alel tfht
kn sabka`hkt `fhkbes waii de ghle, tfe s`npe no tfe `nksuithtank as iagatel hkl tfe pregase as fflhwel.
Zhrta`aphkts ghy oeei tfey hre whstakb tfear tage, nr de lassuhlel orng phrta`aphtank ht hii.
Rfaie at as pnsatave tfht tfe iagathtanks hre sthtel, tfear spe`a`htank as agpre`ase hkl uk`iehr. Rfaist
we uklersthkl ynur rehsnkakb, h `nksuithtank keels tn de npek eknubf tn thce aktn h``nukt tfht
snge prak`apies hkl hssugptank ghy knt de `nrre`t. At as knt `iehr wfht ynu hre rehiiy hscakb nr
wfy.
@raterank 4= Lurhtank no `nksuithtank exer`ases
@nksuithtanks sfnuil knrghiiy ihst onr ht iehst 84 weecs watf `nksalerhtank bavek tn inkber tages`hies
wfere oehsadie hkl seksadie.
Rfaist at as h``eptel tfas `nksuithtank fhs fhl h inkber tage s`hie tfhk tfe gakagug, ak rehi tergs
tfe tage fhs deek sfnrter, lue tn tfe leihy ak h``essadie onrghts deakb ghle hvhaihdie. Ihrbe prakt hkl
?8
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank ?4
ehsy rehl versanks were knt hvhaihdie orng tfe debakkakb no tfe exer`ase.
@raterank 0= @ihraty no s`npe hkl agph`t
@nksuithtank ln`ugekts sfnuil de `iehr hdnut tfe `nksuithtank prn`ess, wfht as deakb prnpnsel, tfe
s`npe tn akffluek`e hkl tfe expe`tel `nsts hkl dekets no tfe prnpnshis.
@raterank 0 fhs knt deek get. Hs `nggektel ukler @raterank 8, tfe s`npe onr akffluek`e as iagatel
hkl, gnre agpnrthktiy, uk`iehr.
@raterank 0 sthtes tfht akonrghtank hdnut tfe dekets no tfe prnpnshis sfnuil de ak`iulel3 fnwever,
tfere as iattie akonrghtank hkl musta`htank onr leveinpakb ZAZ ak tfe why prnpnsel. \fe `nsts fhve deek
evalek`el, fnwever3 at as weii cknwk tfht tfe sthtel hag no tfe ZAZ prnpnshis as tn `ut speklakb.
Equhiiy, gnleiiakb hk ektareiy kew systeg nk 1:: vniukteers orng hk extregeiy iagatel `nfnrt wfek
tfe `urrekt kugders no wnrcakb hbe LIH `ihaghkts as 8.6 gaiiank seegs tn de extregeiy iagatel. \fe
shgpie `hkknt de represekthtave, hs nkiy `erthak `htebnraes no agphargekt were akvnivel ak tfe hkhiysas.\fe agph`t hssessgekt hisn ghces kn httegpt tn h``nukt onr `nksequekt `nsts, su`f hs ak`rehsel
leghkls nk KFP hkl In`hi Hutfnraty serva`es lue tn pnnrer ghkhbegekt no `nklatanks3 nk tfas pnakt
hisn tfe `nksuithtank ohais tn geet @raterank 0. Ak oh`t, at fhs ohiiek tn Lashdaiaty Tabfts UC tn uklerthce
hk agph`t hssessgekt no tfe prnpnshis onr ZAZ orng tfear resehr`f hgnkb h ihrbe kugder no `urrekt
LIH `ihaghkts(fttp=//www.lashdaiatyrabftsuc.nrb/lihagph`thssessgekt.ftg).
Ak ats repnrt, wfa`f expihaks tfe iaceiy extrh `nst durlek no tfe ZAZ prnpnshis nk ntfer phrts no tfe pudia`
se`tnr, Lashdaiaty Tabfts UC ghces tfe pnakt tfht su`f hk hssessgekt wnuil de expe`tel tn fhve deek
uklerthcek dy tfe LRZ.
@raterank
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Re Hre Pphrth`us @nggukaty Pudgassank tn ZAZ Hssessgekt @nksuithtank ?0
akferekt lao`uitaes presektel dy tfe `nksuithtank.
Bavek tfht tfe kugder no penpie respnklakb as hkta`aphtel tn de reihtaveiy inw, we wnuil hppre`ahte
hk akla`htank orng tfe Lephrtgekt hs tn fnw hky outure `nksuithtanks `nuil de nrbhkasel ak h gnre
ak`iusave why. Brnups su`f hs Zenpie Oarst hre hdie tn prnvale bualhk`e hkl suppnrt onr nrbhkashtanks
seecakb tn ghce `nksuithtanks h``essadie, reievhkt hkl gehkakboui tn lashdiel penpie.
Zihak Ekbiasf
\fe `nksuithtank `nle no prh`ta`e requares tfht pihak Ekbiasf sfnuil de usel. Fnwever, tfe nrabakhi
ln`ugekt whs ukwaeily, inkb, `ngpia`htel hkl ukakteiiabadie. At as ouii no `avai-serva`e spehc, su`f tfht
evek penpie ohgaiahr watf tfe cakl no ihkbuhbe usel onukl at hignst agpnssadie tn le`apfer.
\fe oniinwakb serves hs hk exhgpie=
Eh`f les`raptnr ak tfe hssessgekt `raterah waii fhve h reihtave weabftakb htth`fel tn at,
reffle`takb dntf tfe ievei no hdaiaty tfe les`raptnr represekts hkl tfe nverhii agpnrthk`e no tfhth`tavaty watfak tfe `raterah hs h wfnie. Hk aklavaluhis ektatiegekt tn Zersnkhi Aklepeklek`e
Zhygekt waii de letergakel dy tfe `uguihtave weabftakbs wfa`f hppiy tn tfht aklavaluhi.
Onr dntf tfe Lhaiy Iavakb hkl Gndaiaty `ngpnkekts, at waii de pnssadie onr hk aklavaluhi tn
de ektatiel tn tfe sthklhrl rhte3 tfe ekfhk`el rhte3 nr keatfer.
Hssugel Cknwielbe
\fe `nksuithtank ln`ugekt `nkthaks h seraes no hssugptanks3 snge no tfe questanks reoerrel tn ehriaer
`nksuithtanks dut lal knt prnvale iakcs nr bualhk`e, ghcakb at extregeiy lao`uit tn h``ess nr hkswer
tfe questanks. Rfere reoerek`es were ak`iulel, tfey were knt `iehr3 sagpiy reoerrakb tn rebuihtanks as
knt bnnl eknubf. Tehsnkhdie hlmustgekts were knt ghle ak reihtank tn tfe thrbet hulaek`e, ae lashdiel
penpie.
Ehsy Tehl
\fe Ehsy Tehl versank whs sagpiasta` hkl ohaiel tn `nkvey `ru`ahi eiegekts no tfe kew prnpnshis. Onr ex-
hgpie, tfe Ehsy Tehl _ersank sfnwel aghbes no penpie ak wfeei`fhars usakb phks ht h stnve, wferehs tfe
lrhot ZAZ rebuihtanks reoer expia`atiy tn usakb h ga`rnwhve akstehl no h `nkvektankhi `nncer. At prnvalel
bekerhi bualhk`e hdnut tfe khture no eh`f h`tavaty, watfnut bavakb rehlers bualhk`e hs tn tfe les`raptnrs
hkl tfear reihtave s`nrakb. Re hre phrta`uihriy `nk`erkel tfht tfe gassakb lethai `nk`ehiel snge no