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This document explaines the TOGAF Framework ,its mapping with Zachman framework and its stages of implementation along with a live case example of TOGAF implementation
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ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE- TOGAF
TOGAF
Describe the TOGAF Enterprise Architecture Framework and map it to the Zachman Framework.
According to Gartner, Enterprise architecture is a discipline for proactively and holistically leading
enterprise responses to disruptive forces by identifying and analyzing the execution of change
towards desired business vision and outcomes.
Enterprise architecture has rapidly matured in recent years as a business-driven technique to
provide companies with the big picture needed to optimize long-term IT investments. The main
reason for developing enterprise architecture is to support the business by providing the
fundamental technology and process structure for an IT strategy, which in turn makes IT a
responsive asset for a successful modern business strategy.
Typical problems in enterprise architecture involve:
System complexity
Poor business alignment
Other issues include multiple data sources for same data entity, proliferation of interfaces,
incompatible technologies, and procurement and supplier control.
Using an architecture framework speeds up and simplifies architecture development, ensures
complete coverage of the designed solution, and makes certain that the architecture selected allows
future growth in response to the needs of the business.
TOGAF (The Open group Architecture Framework) is one of the approaches to enterprise
architecture, which may be used freely by any organization wishing to develop enterprise
architecture for use within that organization.
TOGAF’s view of enterprise includes four categories:
Business Architecture defines the key business processes, strategy, and governance of the
organisation.
Application architecture gives blueprint and interactions of specific applications.
Data Architecture describes the organization of data assets and associated data management.
Technical Architecture describes the software, hardware and network infrastructure to support
deployment of applications.
TOGAF consists of three main parts:
1. The Enterprise Continuum is a virtual repository of all the architecture assets - models,
patterns, architecture descriptions, etc. TOGAF views the world of enterprise architecture as
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TOGAF
a continuum of architectures, ranging from highly generic to highly specific. Architects find
building blocks as they proceed through the continuum and assemble them into their own
Organization Architecture.
2. The TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM) provides guidance to implement and
execute organization specific EA to address business requirements. The process has multiple,
consecutive phases enclosed in a closed loop. The various phases are shown in the diagram
below:
3. The TOGAF Resource Base is a set of resources - guidelines, templates, background
information, etc. to help in the usage of the ADM.
Example of TOGAF Implementation:
The Dairy Farm Group (DFG) of Hong Kong illustrates the extensive use of TOGAF for enterprise wide
IT architecture to align disparate business units. The DFG belongs to retail sector and has strong
presence in Asia-Pacific region. Its corporate goal is to be the most successful and largest retailer in
its chosen markets in Asia-Pacific. To achieve this goal, it restructured from a federation to a unified
group of companies with single IT infrastructure and single corporate purpose business focus. The
3
Foundation Architecture
Common system
architecture
Industry architecture
Organization architecture
Requirements Management
A. Architecture
vision
B. Business Architecture
C. Information
systems Architecture
D. Technology
ArchitecturesE.
Opportunities and Solutions
F. Migration planning
G. Implementat
ion Governance
H. Architecture
change management
TOGAF
technical architecture group was chartered to develop a enterprise architecture and chose TOGAF as
the foundation. Using TOGAF, they were able to develop a world class technical architecture within a
short span of time (July through October 1998).
MAPPING TOGAF WITH ZACHMAN FRAMEWORK
The scope of four architecture domains of TOGAF framework aligns with the first four rows of the
Zachman framework namely Contextual, Conceptual, Logical and Physical as shown in the figure
below.
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TOGAF- APPLICATION
TOGAF- TECH.
ARCHIT
TOGAF- DATA
ARCHIT
TOGAFBUSINE
SS
TOGAF
There is a defined alignment between cells of Zachman framework and TOGAF.
The cell corresponding to the intersection of Data (Column) and System Model is mapped to
the data architecture of TOGAF which represents the data as well as the information flowing
through the enterprise services and processes.
The intersection of Function (Column) and Scope model of Zachman can be mapped to the
services and processes which are defined in the business architecture of TOGAF.
The network of People as well as IP networks which forms the Technical Architecture of
TOGAF could be mapped to the intersection of network (column) and the technology of
Zachman.
Also the People (column) and Enterprise’s intersection can be aligned with the applications
architecture comprising of user interfaces, consumers and their business applications.
The time and motivation columns of Zachman can be related to events and policies and
governance (ADM) of TOBAG respectively.
We also see that TOGAF provides methodology for Zachman as there is similar layering
Zachman: context >> conceptual>> logical>>physical
TOGAF: business >> information systems >> technology
TOGAF and Zachman cover similar domains which are business drivers and business process along
with data, information, locations applications, technology implementation and networks.
Apart from the TOGAF model mapping to cells of Zachman, the TOGAF architecture development
method (ADM) stages are also mapped to cover different cells of Zachman Framework. The below
table represents the mapping of each phases of TOGAF ADM to cells of Zachman:
Phases of TOGAF ADM Output of each Phase Cell of Zachman covered by
the phase of TOGAF ADM
Preliminary Phase: Framework
and Principles
Framework Definition
Architecture principles
ZF: R1
ZF: R2- C2 and R2-C6
Phase A: Architecture Vision Architecture, Vision/Business
Scenario, Architecture Work
ZF: Row 1,2 and 3
Phase B: Business Architecture Target Business Architecture
Technology Architecture
work
ZF: Row 1
ZF: Row 1 except column C1
ZF: R3,C6 and R3,C3
5
TOGAF
Phase C: Information System
Architectures: Data Architecture
Target Data Architecture ZF: Row 3
ZF: Row 1 except C2
ZF: R1-C1,R1-C4 AND R1-C5
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