Toeic 650 Reading 1 Lesson 7

INCOMPLETE SENTENCES: Part 1

TOEIC 650

1 | P a g e T O E I C R E A D I N G

LESSON 7: GERUND AND INFINITIVE 1

VERB + GERUND

VERB + TO (INFINITIVE)

VERB + GERUND/ TO (INFINITIVE)

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON


TOEIC 650


DEFINITION: It is a form of a verb that acts as a noun.

Gerund functions as a noun in a sentence. It means that gerund can be used as a subject,

and object (direct object, subject complement and object of the preposition) of a

sentence.

Note: In case you are still not familiar with subject and object, we have lessons prepared for

you in TOEIC 500. You can review and/or study them.

Examples

Walking is good for our health. (walking - subject)

He likes walking. (walking - direct object)

My favorite activity is walking. (walking - subject complement)

He was arrested for drinking and driving. (drinking and driving - object of the preposition)

There are certain verbs that gerunds follow. Once you are familiar with these, it'll be easier to make sentences.

Verb + GERUND

GERUND

admit avoid consider carry on delay deny discuss

enjoy fancy finish give up go on imagine involve

keep keep on mind miss postpone practice put off

quit risk stop talk about think


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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Some verbs can have a noun (person) before the gerund.

Examples

She fancies Donald talking to her.

I don't want to keep my sister waiting.

They miss Shane leaving.

If it's a past situation, it is acceptable to use verb + having + pp.

Examples

She regretted having said that you’re stingy.

He denied having worked in that company.

'Stop' can be followed by an infinitive if it is to show purpose like in order to.

Examples

I dropped my keys while walking so I stopped to pick it up.

It is like: I stopped walking to pick it up.

INSTRUCTION: Provide the most suitable verb that you can use in the sentence.

Note: The student can choose any verb as long as it fits the sentences.

1. The book keeps on ____________ off the shelf.

2. I try to avoid ____________ mistakes because I know my boss will get very angry.

PRACTICE


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3. She would like to give up ____________ that TV series because it annoys her.

4. I really enjoy ____________ to music especially the genre that I’m into.

5. Do you think ____________the dishes tomorrow is ok with mom?

6. I can’t imagine ____________ in your country.

7. You can’t deny ____________ on the job. Everybody could hear you snoring.

8. The man should stop ____________ faces at the child. I think the kid is already scared

of him.

9. You have to consider ____________ some time off. You really look exhausted.

10. I’ll put off ____________ dinner later. We’ll just order some Chinese food.

11. Is she involved in ____________ these pots?

12. I don’t mind ___________ about these matters to my father.

13. Have you finished ___________ your hair?

14. I avoid ____________ out at night. I think it’s quite dangerous for a woman like me.

15. When will you quit ____________ cigarettes?

INSTRUCTION: Choose the most suitable vocabulary for each number. Use the verb only

once.

1. A: Why are you reading that magazine? You don't like reading.

B: I try to avoid _______________________ Louis. I forgot his folder. He'd be very

angry.

2. A: Do you think you could go diving?

B: I consider _________________ instead.

3. A: What do you think she should do?

B: She needs to finish __________________her homework.

4. A: What is going on here?

B: They are talking about __________________ a party for their sister.

do go snorkel throw meet


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5. A: Why didn't you go to your dentist appointment yesterday?

B: I had to postpone __________________ there because it's raining heavily.

DEFINITION: It is a form of the verb that generally appears with the preposition 'to'.

It acts as a noun, adjective or adverb.

Infinitive functions as a noun, adjective and adverb.

Examples

All she wants is to leave. (noun) He has the capacity to resist. (adjective) You must study to learn. (adverb) She wanted to talk to him seriously.

The bank decided to loan the family some money.

Don't confuse this with prepositional phrase. REMEMBER to + verb = infinitive to + noun/ pronoun/ modifier = prepositional phrase

INFINITIVE


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Verb + TO (INFINITIVE)

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION There are some verbs that do not include 'to' because it's understood than stated.

These verbs include: dare, hear, help, let, make, please, see and watch.

Examples

The woman helped (to) teach.

The man stayed (to) watch.

There are verbs that we can add question word after them.

want need would like/love hope expect plan intend

mean decide promise offer agree refuse seen

seem appear pretend learn (how) try (can/can't) afford/ wait

arrange aim deserve afford forget attempt

manage fail threaten tend claim

ask decide know remember

forget explain learn understand

wonder show tell advise

teach


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INSTRUCTION: Complete the sentences below.

1. He will go to Peru with his wife. He decides…

2. My father sincerely told my brother that they’d go to the carnival next week. My father

promised…

3. The woman left her umbrella next to my table by mistake. She forgot…

4. The boy keeps on looking at the toy car in the store. He wants…

5. The student studies very hard for the spelling competition in spring. He aims…

6. He said no to the woman because she plans not to go to work. He refuses…

7. I think you should know the truth. I want…

8. We couldn’t find our way to the bus station so we asked how…

9. I could hear him. How about you? Do you understand what…?

10. I don’t like the idea that he stopped working. I think his decision to…

11. I was surprised that they throw a party for her. I didn’t expect…

12. Don’t let me forget to phone your sister. Remind…

INSTRUCTION: Choose the most suitable vocabulary for each number. Use the verb only

once.

1. I need to ________________ her today because I have to discuss about our business

trip.

2. My mother offered ___________________me money.

3. She would like to have bacon for breakfast. She refuses ________________ anything

other than that.

4. I can't afford _____________________ a house but I hope ______________ one in 5

years.

PRACTICE


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5. The kid pretended _____________________ asleep. She pretended not

___________________ what I spoke to her.

6. I expect ____________________ roasted chicken for dinner.

7. He can't wait ____________________ to go home because he has been working abroad

and away from his family for 6 months now.

These are verbs that are followed by either a gerund or an infinitive.

Verb + GERUND OR TO (INFINITIVE)

Examples

He begins to understand the movie.

He begins understanding the movie.

She didn’t bother walking home.

She didn’t bother to walk home.

The car starts to break down.

The car starts breaking down.

Note: we don't normally use -ing after the main verb -ing.

GERUND and INFINITIVE

begin bother continue

hate intend like

love start can’t stand


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Example

It is starting raining. (x)

RATHER

It is starting to rain. (correct)

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Remember, regret, and go on can be used with gerund and infinitive but the meaning is

usually different.

Compare:

She regrets talking to her. (She did it but now she doesn't like it.)

She regrets to talk to her (She feels bad because she has to talk to her.)

Try to- giving an effort

Try + verb-ing - experiment or test

Somebody needs to do something = it’s important for the person to do something

Something needs doing = something needs to be done

Can’t help doing = can't stop one's self

SIMPLE REMINDER:

Verb + Gerund/ to (Infinitive)

Love hate can't bear

Verb + Gerund

enjoy

dislike

mind

can't stand


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INSTRUCTION: Choose the most appropriate word to complete the sentence – gerund or

infinitive.

1. I'm beginning __________________ that you forgot our appointment.

2. I like _________________ to her stories because they're really entertaining.

3. Don't bother ___________________ breakfast. I did all that. Try the pancakes first.

4. She continues __________________ though her sister said that she has a terrible voice.

5. I hate __________________ you this but they didn't approve your proposal.

6. The waitress didn't intend _________________ the coffee on the customer.

7. I can't stand __________________ violent movies. I'd rather watch romantic comedy.

8. My family really loves __________________ spaghetti. My mom cooks the best one

every weekend.

9. They started __________________ the walls in my room. I may probably finish it

tomorrow.

10. Dora can't bear __________________ in this place. It's very hot.

11. The man regretted __________________ the bar of chocolate from the grocery store.

12. He is trying __________________ the schedule of our employees next week.

PRACTICE

arrange stay watch tell

Paint listen spill Think

sing steal make eat

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Toeic 650 Reading 1 Lesson 7