Today’s Warm-up

• What is a noun?

• What is a verb?

Understanding Verbals

A verbal is a verb that is being used as another part

of speech rather than a verb.

There are three types of Verbals

• Participles• Gerunds• InfinitivesExamples • The frightened cat scratched my eye.

• Running seems tiresome at first.

• Sometimes I like to swing and sometimes I like to slide at the park.

Verbals

• A verbal is a verb that is being used as another part of speech rather than a verb.

• Examples • The frightened cat scratched my eye.

• Running seems tiresome at first.

• Sometimes I like to swing and sometimes I like to slide at the park.

Participle

Gerund

Infinitive

Gerunds

• A gerund is a verb form always ending in –ing that acts like a noun.

-Running is great exercise

-Most people enjoy eating.

Gerunds

• A gerund is a verb form always ending in –ing that acts like a noun.

• -Running is great exercise

-Most people enjoy eating.

Gerunds

• Like a verb, the gerund:

• Expresses an action

• May take an object

Gerund Trick

• Here is a silly way to think of it: If a noun and a verb got married, their children would be gerunds.

Gerund Identification

• A gerund always end with –ing without exception. Since gerunds are verbs acting as nouns, you can test any verb ending in –ing by substituting the word with the pronoun “it”: If the –ing word can be replaced with it, you have a gerund.

• Practicing is hard work.

• I hate practicing.

• He is practicing.

Gerunds as a Subject

• Subject: Swimming is fun.

• Swimming is a gerund. It is formed from a verb (swim), it ends in -ing, and it is acting as the subject of the sentence. It tells us what the sentence is about.

Examples:

• Eating too quickly gave him an upset stomach.

• Not doing his homework caused him to fail the test.

• Not having an answering machine causes himto miss many calls.

Gerunds as a Direct Object

• Direct Object: She loves reading.

• Reading is a gerund. It is formed from a verb (read), it ends in -ing, and it is acting as the direct object in the sentence. This means that it is receiving the action of the verb loves.

Examples:

• He proposed meeting in a restaurant.

• I look forward to seeing you soon.

• She's worried about missing her bus

Gerund Review

Just remember three characteristics of gerunds, and you'll be able to spot them easily:

1.They are formed from verbs

2.They end in –ing

3.They act as nouns.

Identify the Gerunds in the following sentences

• Talking is a disruptive activity.

• My son loves playing with his toy dinosaur.

• The doctor gave studying all of his attention.

Infinitives

• An infinitive is a Verbal that appears with the word “to” and acts as a noun, adjective, or adverb• 2 types of infinitives• Present infinitive (only “to” + verb)• Perfect infinitive (“to have” or “to have

been” + past tense version of the verb)

Infinitive examples

• Present• I like to debate.

• To play with matches is wrong.

• Perfect• I would have liked to read the paper.

• To have been mentioned would have been enough.

Because gerunds act as nouns, they can also do any of the noun jobs. Here is a

review of the noun jobs.• Subjects Tell us whom or what a sentence is about.

Mary played outside.

• Direct Objects receive the action of certain action verbs called "transitive active verbs.“

Joe kicked the ball.

• Indirect Objects receive the direct object

Joe kicked Mary the ball.

• Predicate Nouns come after linking verbs. They rename the subject of the sentence.

Joe is a great soccer player.

• Objects of the Preposition are nouns that follow a preposition. They are a necessary part of prepositional phrases.

Joe kicked the ball to Mary.

Participles

• A participle is a verbal that acts as an adjective.

• The crying woman left the movie theater.

• The frustrated child ran away from home.

Participles

• A participle is a form of a verb that acts as an adjective.

• The crying woman left the movie theater.

• The frustrated child ran away from home.

Past or Present Participles

• Participles ending in an “ing” are Present Participles

• Participles ending in an “ed” are Past Participles

Identify the Participles in the following sentences

• Sometimes my gurgling stomach keeps me from concentrating

• While sleeping with the TV on, the tormented child dreamt of monsters.

• Screaming adults tend to be very impatient.

Identify the verbals in the following sentences and identify them as a

participle, a gerund or an infinitive.

• Meditating on positive ideas brings great physical health.

• The explorer struggled to find the remote colony.

• The heated pool is great for sore muscles