TODAY’S LEARNING GOALSstart.sd34.bc.ca/.../uploads/2015/09/The-Triumph-of-Parliament.pdf · THE COMMONWEALTH •The Rump Parliament voted to abolish the monarchy and the House of

TODAY’S LEARNING GOALS:

• Describe the factors that led to Oliver

Cromwell’s downfall.

• Describe Charles II and James II.

• Identify the factors and people

involved in the Glorious Revolution.

T.Chan, October 2011

P . 1 4 6 - 1 5 4

HOW THE CIVIL WAR AFFECTED DEMOCRACY IN ENGLAND


ONE REPUBLIC? (p. 146)

• a country without a monarch


THE COMMONWEALTH

• The Rump Parliament voted to abolish the

monarchy and the House of Lords and are left with

what is called “The Commonwealth.”

• Only sixty members remained to represent the

people of England

• Supported by the Roundhead army


ATTEMPTS TO CHANGE SOCIETY

• Adultery Act = May 1650 = the death penalty of

incest and infidelity

• Blasphemy Act = August 1650 = restrain more

extreme religious groups

• Puritans were allowed freedom of worship

• Compulsory attendance at an Anglican church

were ended

• Crown and Church lands were taxed

• Still no constitution, which angered many citizens


OLIVER CROMWELL (P.147)

• Was lieutenant-general of the New Model Army

• A Puritan

• Lived a life of a country gentleman

• Studied mathematics and law, but was also a

master soldier

• Family did not care for wealth, but still maintained a

great influence


OLIVER CROMWELL

• Successfully led the Roundheads at

the Battle of Marston Moor and the

Battle of Naseby

• Was called in to end the resistance of

the Commonwealth expressed by

some other countries, like Scotland

and Ireland

• Defeated the Scots in 2 major battles


CROMWELL’S LEGACY IN IRELAND

• Pursued a relentless campaign against Ireland (who rebelled against England in 1641 before Charles I’s execution)

• Catholic landowners in Northern Ireland were forced off their own lands (and resettled in the south and west)

• Northern Ireland became occupied by the English and Scottish Protestants

• Today, hostilities continue between Irish Catholics and British Protestants


THE LORD PROTECTOR

• When the Rump Parliament appeared unable to govern effectively, Cromwell and a troop of soldiers drove the

members out in 1653.

• Soon after, the senior army officers named Cromwell the “Lord

Protector,” AKA military dictator

• Cromwell became very unpopular (i.e. Blue Laws), but his

power was too strong

• Upon self-reflection near the end of his life, Cromwell

regarded himself as a failure: in opposing the power of the

king, he became a dictator himself

• When he died in 1658, his son, Richard, proved incapable of

ruling and resigned

• NO MORE REPUBLIC


THE RESTORATION (p.150)

• General Monck, a commander of the army of the north of England, recalled parliament because he felt that war would break out again if government was not restored

• After an election, the new parliament decided to re-establish the monarchy and invited Charles II to become king


WHY A KING WAS WELCOMED

• People of England

• no longer wanted a

military dictatorship

• concerned about

the lack of

parliament

• concerned about

protecting their own

rights

• resented the Blue

Laws


TORIES VS. WHIGS

• Charles II secured a majority of supporters in

Parliament through persuasion, bribery, and

blackmail

• Tories were royal supporters

• Whigs were opponents of the Catholic monarchy

Versus


CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY? (p.151)

• Charles II outwardly accepted the limitations of his

power, but secretly wanted to restore the full power

that Charles I lost

• 10 regicides, the people who charged and

executed Charles I, were hanged, drawn, and

quartered (a practice that took England over 300

years to abolish)

• Oliver Cromwell’s body was even dug up and

hanged at Westminster Abbey, which is the

coronation church and resting place of English

monarchs


THE TEST ACT

• In 1672, Charles II, who was Catholic, issued a royal

statement that supported religious freedom for

Catholics

• A Test Act, passed in 1673 by the Parliament, meant

that no Catholics were allowed to work in

government, vote, or hold a professional job

• Made the Church of England supreme and proved

to Charles II that the Parliament, not he, had the

power to make the laws


Charles II died and was

succeeded by

his brother,

James II, in 1685

JAMES II


JAMES II (p.151)

• Anti-Catholic sentiments rose because James II was openly Catholic

• James II infuriated Parliament by giving high offices to Catholics, clearly intending to “Catholicize” England, in spite of the Test Act

• James II also believed in the Divine Right of Kings

• To quell rebellions against him, James II instituted a “reign of terror” and utilized the Court of Star Chamber

• The courts saw so many executions of people suspected of being rebels that they became known as “Bloody Assizes”


THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION (p.152)

• James’ own daughter, Mary, and her husband,

William of Orange, were approached by Parliament

to become King and Queen of England.

• They agreed and William attacked James in battle

• Because there was overwhelming support for Mary

and William, James abdicated in 1689.


BILL OF RIGHTS

• For the first time, the monarch was chosen by parliament

• A new Bill of Rights was installed, which made it clear that Parliament was the real government of the country

• The Bill of Rights serve as the basis on which Canadians today can enjoy their freedom.


WAR IN IRELAND (P.153)

• Did not support the new Protestant King and Queen

• Catholic supporters of James II, known as Jacobites,

resisted William’s troops in Ireland

• After James abdicated his throne in England, he

went to lead the Irish parliament.

• King William defeated James again in 1690 at the

Battle of the Boyne

• Catholics struggled for religious freedom well into

the 20th century


LEGACY OF THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION (P.154)

• England was becoming a constitutional monarchy

• Parliament passed many laws that demonstrated

their power and authority

• Politics were reformed, but social reform still needed

developing

• Lower class still not improved

• The Test Act

• Women had no equal rights


CAN WE…

• describe the factors that led to Oliver

Cromwell’s downfall?

• describe Charles II?

• describe James II?

• identify the factors and people involved in

the Glorious Revolution?

• SO WHAT? What more could government

do today to reform social inadequacies?


WORKS CITED

• Cranny, Michael. Crossroads: A Meeting of Nations. Pearson Canada: Toronto.

2013.

• Images taken from:

• http://greenobles.com/one-republic.html

• http://eh.lenin.ru/english/7or/org/bcom.htm

• http://www.generalmonck.com/biography.htm

• http://goeurope.about.com/cs/ireland/l/bl_ireland_map.htm

• http://www.charmofthecarolines.com/charm-of-the-

carolines/2010/04/blue-laws.html

• http://www.topnews.in/law/people/stephenharper?page=2

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada

• http://www.absolutism-n-constitutionalism.freehomepage.com/photo.html

• http://www.livius.org/bn-bz/bruijn/dutch.html

• http://www.robcooper.com/canada/security-of-the-person.html


http://greenobles.com/one-republic.html



http://eh.lenin.ru/english/7or/org/bcom.htm

http://www.generalmonck.com/biography.htm

http://goeurope.about.com/cs/ireland/l/bl_ireland_map.htm

http://www.charmofthecarolines.com/charm-of-the-carolines/2010/04/blue-laws.html









http://www.topnews.in/law/people/stephenharper?page=2

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada

http://www.absolutism-n-constitutionalism.freehomepage.com/photo.html





http://www.livius.org/bn-bz/bruijn/dutch.html



http://www.robcooper.com/canada/security-of-the-person.html







Documents

TODAY’S LEARNING GOALSstart.sd34.bc.ca/.../uploads/2015/09/The-Triumph-of-Parliament.pdf · THE COMMONWEALTH •The Rump Parliament voted to abolish the monarchy and the House of