Today’s EW and Radar Applications · (EP) Electronic Countermeasures (ECM) – Electronic devices designed to deceive radar, sonar, or detection systems. One such device is the

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Claude SweetonSr. Sales EngineerTEVET

Electronic Warfare (EW) - The ability to use the electromagnetic spectrum to sense, protect, and communicate; as well as deny the enemy the ability to either disrupt or use signals in the same spectrum.

EW is divided into three primary areas:

Today’s EW and Radar Applications:

Electronic Test & Measurement Equipment | Life Sciences & Chemical Analysis Products | e-Commerce Catalog and B2B Solutions

SDVOSB & HUBZone Small Business

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Highlighting Solutions from Keysight Technologies,Abaco Systems, & Empower RF Systems

Electronic Attack (EA) – The use of focused energy, typically radio waves or laser light, to confuse or disable the enemy’s electronics.

• (EA) Jammers• (EA) Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) also known as

Active Phased Array Radar (APAR)• (EA) Electro-Magnetic Pulse (EMP)

Electronic Protection (EP) – The ability to detect and protect electronics from the EA of the enemy and to prevent electronic jamming.

• (EP) Radar Warning Receivers• (EP) Electronic Countermeasures

Electronic Support (ES) – Provides the information source and data that enables you to make tactical decisions in real-time.



(EA) Jamming Technologies – The Boeing EA-18G Growler uses AESA to control the battle arena.

• AN/APG-79 AESA – Active electronic beam scanning, which allows the radar beam to be steered at nearly the speed of light and provides superior air-to-air and air-to-surface capabilities. Specifications are Classified• AN/ALQ-99 – Intercepts, processes, and jams incoming radio transmissions.Frequency Bands coverage: VHF to KuOutput Power (newer version): 6.8 kW• AN/ALQ-218 – First system on the scene for real-time situational awareness to detect the enemy. Utilizing a unique combination of short, medium, and long baseline interferometer techniques with a patented passive ranging algorithm to provide geolocation of emitters for cueing jammers and other onboard sensors such as electro-optical / infrared sensors and radar. Specifications are Classified.

(EP) Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) Systems – Detects the radio emissions of other radar systems and then issues a warning when a radar signal may be a threat. RWR systems are capable of classifying the source of the radar signal, type of radar signal, and its location.

New Helmet Mounted Display Systems - Provides pilots with unprecedented situational awareness including RWR warnings and targeting information.

(EP) Electronic Countermeasures (ECM) – Electronic devices designed to deceive radar, sonar, or detection systems.

One such device is the AN/ALQ-184 ECM Pod. Its computer-controlled multi-beam receivers and mini-TWT Amplifiers operate in both receive and transmit modes to selectively direct high power jamming against multiple emitters. The system provides instantaneous RF signal processing that is wide-open in angle and frequency.

Two Versions: • 2-Band (Mid/High) Output Power: 6.4kVa

• 3-Band (Mid/High and Low) Output Power: 9.1kVa



Empower RF Systems – Offers proven technology and has delivered 30,000 RF Broadband GaN Amplifiers for Counter Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Systems and Counter Radio-controlled Electronic Warfare (CREW) IED Jammers at a production rate of 1,000 units per month.

These RF Broadband GaN Amplifiers are:• Environmentally (MIL-STD-810) compliant• EMI (MIL-STD-461) compliant• ITAR registered• ISO 9001:2008 certified

Abaco Systems (formerly GE-IP) - MAR2015- The US Air Force awarded a contract to help them define open architectures for future generations of radar processors across all platforms. This program will be carried out by Abaco’s High Performance Embedded Computing (HPEC) Center of Excellence in Billerica, MA.

Abaco Systems has played a vital role in helping to deliver some of the most prestigious programs in the Aerospace/Defense and National Security industry.

MIL-STD-1553, ARCINC-429, Single Board ComputersAnti-Tamper Technology to Guard from Cyber Threats

In addition to the real-world solution described above, TEVET offers the best in-class solutions for most EW applications:

> Ke ysight Technologies: World’s premier Test & Measurement solutions company, DC to 110GHz> E mpower RF Systems: Global leader in RF Solid-State Broadband High Power Amplifiers, 10kHz to

6GHz / multi- kilo Watts> A baco Systems (formerly GE-IP): Embedded Systems and Single Board Computers for the

Aerospace/Defense industry

RadarAmong the technological advantages US Military forces have employed in recent conflicts, information superiority on the battle arena stands out as a true differentiator from all other militaries – Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR). One vital ISR component is radar. However, this system does have its limitations. In most cases, radar signals travel in only a straight line. In addition, their signals may be obstructed by weather or the enemy’s electronic jamming devices.

Range (to horizon):RNM = 1.23 with h in feetRange (beyond horizon / earth’s curvature) RNM = 1.23 with h in feet

Electronic Test & Measurement Equipment | Life Sciences & Chemical Analysis Products | e-Commerce Catalog & B2B Solutions SDVOSB & HUBZone Small Business

Natural Limitations:• Line of sight• Earth’s curvature• Weather clutter• Ground clutter• Shadowing, the enemy’s use of natural limitations to obscure their detection – flying under the radar

When factoring the radar horizon equations, it is common to assume a value for the Earth’s radius that is 4/3 times (or 1.23) the actual radius. This takes into account the effect of the atmosphere on radar propagation.

Common Radar Systems

Monostatic Radar – Radar system in which the transmitter and receiver are collocated. This is the most conventional radar system deployed worldwide. Simple and least expensive radar system.

Bistatic Radar – Radar system that comprises a transmitter and receiver that are separated by distance. These types of radar systems are especially useful in cases where the energy reflected by the target is very low. Passive Bistatic Radar – Does not transmit any RF. Instead, it utilizes RF energy already in the atmosphere from broadcast AM/FM stations. These types of tracking radar systems are hard to detect due to the lack of a RF ping from the transmitter. Commercial Applications – Weather radar systemsMilitary Applications – Detecting targets using stealth technology

Multi-static Radar – Radar system where multiple deployed monostatic and bistatic radar components tie together to increase the coverage area. The key advantage of this type of radar system is “netted coverage” where multiple targets, as well as different aspects of targets, can be viewed simultaneously.

These radar systems are useful when attempting to track targets which are using stealth or where there are concerns of heavy clutter and shadowing.



Ground Moving Target Imaging (GMTI) –Imaging radar technique that can detect movement of enemy forces in near real-time throughout a large area and in all weather conditions. Moving objects in the radar’s field of view are detected by measuring their backscattered energy’s Doppler shift with respect to the stationary background clutter.

Endo-Clutter GMTI – Slow moving target causes a small Doppler shift that might not be detected. The use of a 2nd antenna (or even multiple) will allow for interferometric (phase comparison) processing.

Synthetic-Aperture Radar (SAR) – Imaging radar technique that provides mapping of static ground scenes in all weather conditions.

Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) of the radar system is the number of pulses that are transmitted per second. Radar systems radiate each pulse at the carrier frequency during transmit time (or Pulse Width), wait for returning echoes during listening or rest time, and then radiate the next pulse. The time between the beginning of one pulse and the start of the next pulse is called Pulse Repetition Time (PRT).

PRT = 1/PRF

PRTs = individual transmit/receive cycles

Shift RegistersPRT1 PRT2 PRT3 PRT4 PRT5 PRT6 PRT7 PRT8

Arithmetic Operation

Enhanced SAR Image of a Tank



TEVET Real-World Solutions for Radar Applications

Keysight Technologies – Offers the Test & Measurement industry’s leading Signal Analyzer, the Model N9040B UXA, for capturing and analyzing RF signals and pulses in radar applications.

• 3Hz to 50GHz RF Bandwidth (up to 1.1THz with RF Mixing)• 1GHz Max Analysis BW• DANL – 171dBm at 1GHz• TOI +22dBm at 1GHz• 14.1in Capacitive Multi-touch Display / 1280 x 800 Resolution• 3-year Standard Warranty

Keysight Technologies – Offers the Test & Measurement industry’s leading High Speed Arbitrary Waveform Generator, the M8196A, so you can recreate the most complex RF signals and pulses to simulate radar applications.

• 92GSa/s Sample Rate• 32GHz Analog Bandwidth• Highest combination of speed, bandwidth, and channel density• Transition times <9ps• Quantum Physics & Advanced Research – Generate any mathematically defined arbitrary waveform/precise pulses• 3-year Standard Warranty

AXIe Form-Factor M8196A offers 4-synchornized

channels on 1 AXIe Module

Shown in 2-slot AXIe Chassis



Claude Sweeton is a Sr. Sales Engineer at TEVET, LLC. He has been with TEVET for over six years, and has over thirty eight years of combined experience in Test & Measurement. His experience began back in 1978 when he joined the US Navy; while serving he attended many technical schools including Basic Electronics & Electricity School, Advanced Electronics (A School) – Radar, Calibration & Precision Metrology (PMEL) at Lowry AFB, and C-7 EE & Supervisory Level School. His primary responsibility was to maintain the advanced communications,radar, sonar, and weapons systems on SSNs and SSBNs. Upon his honorable discharge in 1986 he was hired byTexas Instruments Avionics Division (now part of Raytheon) where he provided technical support on the AGM-88 High-speed Anti-Radiation Missile (HARM) and AN/AAQ-13 & AN/AAQ-14 LANTIRN Missile Systems,and Emitter Locating System (ELS). In addition to his experience in Aerospace & Defense he has workedat Sandia National Labs, Saudi Ordnance & Maintenance Company, Hewlett Packard, Anritsu, and GnubiCommunications (now part of EXFO).TEVET, LLC founded in 2004; today we are a premier provider electronic Test and Measurement as well as Life Sciences and Chemical Analysis instruments. We are an authorized Federal Reseller Partner for Agilent Life Sciences & Chemical Analysis, Abaco Systems, Keysight Technologies, National Instruments, Empower RF, and Astronics. www.tevetllc.comSAM Registered / Cage Code 34SR4 – ISO 9001:2008 and AS9120 Certified – SDVOSB and HUBZone Certified

Band Frequency Keysight Technologies Abaco Systems Empower RF Systems10 kHz to 6GHz

HF

VHF

UHF

L-Band

S-Band

C-Band

X-Band

Ku-Band

K-Band

Ka-Band

V-Band

W-Band

mmWave

3-30MHz

30-300MHz

300-300MHz

1-2GHz

2-4GHz

4-8GHz

8-12GHz

12-18GHz

18-27GHz

27-40GHz

40-75GHz

75-110GHz

110-300GHz

DC to 110GHzT&M Instruments

T&M Instruments

T&M Instruments

T&M Instruments

T&M Instruments

T&M Instruments

T&M Instruments

T&M Instruments

T&M Instruments

T&M Instruments

T&M Instruments

T&M Instruments

T&M Instruments

SBCs/Embedded Systems RF Higher Power Modules/Systems

TEVET Offers Real-World Solutions for Both EW and Radar Applications Covering these RF Frequencies

SBCs/Embedded Systems









RF Higher Power Modules/Systems





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Today’s EW and Radar Applications · (EP) Electronic Countermeasures (ECM) – Electronic devices designed to deceive radar, sonar, or detection systems. One such device is the