Today: Drugs•Guest Speaker Robert Tyler, Twin Town Treatment CentersDirector of Operations/ Clinical Services•3 Major Theories•Media continued

Prior KnowledgeWhich of these drugs do you think causes the

most social problems in the U.S.? Why?AlcoholNicotineMeth-Crystal Meth-SteroidsMarijuanaHeroinCocaine/Crack LSD/Acid/Shrooms/PCPPrescription Pills

Alcohol is the most widely used and abused substance in the United States.

For sociologists, when is drug use considered drug abuse?

when acceptable social standards of drug use are violated

How do each of these theories explain drug abuse?

Structural functionalismConflict Theory Symbolic Interactionsim

Biological Perspective

Psychological Perspective

Sociological explanations

Non-sociological explanations

Focus on the role society and social interaction have on participating in drug abuse

Focus oncharacteristics of individuals that influence participating in drug abuse

Biological Theories• Genetics may predispose individuals

to addiction

• Children of alcoholics 4x as likely to be alcoholics even when raised apart from biological parents

• Some people physiologically “wired” to get more pleasure from drugs than others.

Psychological Theories• Drug abuse is a response to an emotional or

personality disorder (depression)

• Some personality types more susceptible to drug use (anxious, dependent).

• Drug use may reduce anxiety, loneliness and boredom.

Conflict Perspective• Drug use is a response to political, social and economic

inequality.• Escape from frustration caused by inequality.

Who would say it?

Conflict Perspective• Most powerful members of society influence the legality

of drugs• Groups that benefit from drug use have the power to

keep it available

Symbolic Interactionist Perspective• If the label “drug user” is internalized, drug use

will continue, even escalate

Who would say it?

Symbolic Interactionist Perspective• Drug users learn motivations and techniques

of drug use through interaction with others.

“Puff, puff, pass!”

“Beef before liquor, never been sicker. Liquor before beer, you’re in the clear!”

Symbolic Interactionist PerspectiveDrug subcultures teach the use

Symbolic Interactionist PerspectiveHow a drug is labeled can influence use

• “Legal vs. illegal”• “Hard drugs” vs. “Natural”

Symbolic Interactionist PerspectiveLabels of what is legal and illegal have changed over time:

1. Opium-1800s – early 1900s, used as a pain killer2. Amphetamine-based inhalers were available until

19493. Cocaine - active ingredient in Coca-Cola until

1906 (replaced by another drug–caffeine)

Structural Functionalism• Drug abuse is a response to

society not working properly

Who would say it?

Structural Functionalist PerspectiveDrug abuse can be dysfunctional • Crime• Violence• Family problems

Structural Functionalist PerspectiveDrug use may be functional • Pain relief• Alertness• Artists/musicians

Media Literacy Continued

How are techniques manipulating viewers?

•camera angles •editing•sound effects•colors and symbols

Analyze Production TechniquesHow to evaluate media:

Symbolic rhetorictechniques of persuasion•Symbols•Flattery•Repetition•Fear•Sexual images

Solutions-Project Censoredhttp://www.projectcensored.org/

Features news stories that mainstream media does not report

View: HookedIllegal Drugs and

How They Got That Way

Methamphetamines start at 0:33

Next Class

Drugs. Read pages 325-335

Assignment #8 cancelled

Societal costs of drug abuse

1. Accidents

2. Crime

3. Family problems

4. Work problems

5. Health problems

What are some ways society pays for drug abuse?

Health Costs of drug abuse Shortened life expectancy Exposure to HIV Birth defects in children of pregnant users Cancer Liver damage Death

Economic Costs of drug abuse

Americans are estimated to have spent in 2004:$36 billion on cocaine$11 billion on marijuana$10 billion on heroin$5.4 billion on methamphetamines

Government estimates state Americans spend $60 billion dollars a YEAR on illegal drugs

Crime Costs of drug abuse Drug users commit a disproportionate number of crimes

At the time of arrest 63% of males and females tested positive for cocaine, marijuana, methamphetamine, or PCP in 2008

Family Costs of Alcohol Abuse It is estimated that 8.3 million U.S. children live with at

least one parent in need of treatment

Children of alcoholics are 4 times more likely to have alcohol or drug problems

Higher instances of: violence, insults, yelling serious arguments, threats

View: HookedIllegal Drugs and

How They Got That WayVote:

Which drug are you most interested in learning the background of today?a. Cocaine at 5:00

b. Heroin at

c. Marijuana at 5:00

d. Ecstasy at 47:00

e. LSD at 1:00

Cocaine1. When did it become illegal?

2. Effects on heart?

3. Study with monkeys:

4. Coca leaves:

5. How did it become cocaine?

6. What kind of racism in connected?

Ecstasy1. How does it work?

2. How did it start?

3. When was it first used legally?

4. Problems:

5. When is it put on emergency ban?

LSD1. How did it start?

2. CIA testing purpose?

3. Timothy Leary felt it should be used to____________________

War on DrugsRichard Nixon

• Marijuana Tax Act• Harrison Act• National Prohibition• 1970 Scheduling

115:00 Hooked Illegal Drugs

Consequences of drug useRead the article. In a group discuss:What stood out to you most in this story?

Prepare to share the following with the class:1.What are the names of your group members?2.What is the drug?2. Summarize the story.3. What were the consequences of drug use?4. What other ways can the use of this substance hurt

a. Friends/family?b. Personal healthy?c. Society as a whole?

Select a recorder and 2-3 speakers to share

Which sociological explanation of drug abuse do you agree with most? Least? Why?

• Structural functionalism A: when society is not functioning properly people use drugs to escape

• Structural functionalism B: drugs can be functional for some

• Conflict theory A: drug use provides an escape from frustration felt due to inequality in society

• Symbolic interactionism A: people learn drug use through the groups they associate with

• Symbolic interactionism: labels (on people or on the drugs)influence drug use

Proposed Solutions to Drug Problems

1. Government Regulation 2. Legalization/Decriminalization3. Prevention Education4. Rehabilitation Treatments and Therapy5. Peer support groups6. Collective Action

Rehab/Treatment Options Inpatient treatment refers to the treatment of

drug dependence in a hospital.

Outpatient treatment allows individuals to remain in their home and work environments and is often less expensive.

Peer Support Groups

• Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) are associations whose only membership requirement is the desire to stop drinking or taking drugs.

• AA and NA are self-help groups that offer “sponsors” to each new member and proceed along a continuum of 12 steps to recovery.

Peer Groups-12 stepsStep 1 - admit we were powerless over our addiction Step 2 - believe we can restore our livesStep 3 - Make a decision to turn our will and our lives over to the care of God Step 4 - Make a moral inventory of ourselvesStep 5 - Admit to God, to ourselves, and others the nature of our wrongsStep 6 – Prepare for God remove all these defects of characterStep 7 - Humbly asked God to remove our shortcomingsStep 8 - Make a list of all persons we had harmed, make amends with them allStep 9 - Made direct amends to such people wherever possibleStep 10 - Continued to take personal inventory Step 11 – Use prayer and meditation to improve our conscious contact with God Step 12 - Having had a spiritual awakening as the result of these steps, we tried to carry this message to other addicts, and to practice these principles in all our affairs

Prevention Education among youth

Failure of D.A.R.E (Drug Abuse Resistance Education)

Or

Alternatives to youth drug education

1. Read ONE of the articles

2. What are 3 important points made by the author?

3. Share findings with 1 or 2 others who had a different article than you

Prevention education for athletes

ATLAS (Athletes Training and Learning to Avoid Steroids)

The product of 10 years of research, ATLAS is a multicomponent school-based program for male high school athletes (13 to 19 years old).

Uses positive peer pressure and role modeling to reduce the use of:

•Anabolic steroids•Alcohol and other drugs•Performance-enhancing supplements

Instruction led by student athlete peers and facilitated by coaches

What is the most commonly used and most heavily trafficked illegal substance in the world?

marijuana

Should marijuana be legalized?Measure to legalize marijuana was on California's November ballot in 2010 but did not pass

2.The libertarian Alternative:

Superior Court Judge Jim Gray on the futility of the war on drugs

Should illegal drugs be de-criminalized?1. Time to Legalize Drugs?

Ethan Nadelmann on FOX News

Think criticallyEvaluate. Which solution to drug problems do you think

is best or worst? Explain your thinking.

Government Regulation Legalization/Decriminalization Prevention Education (DARE or others) Rehabilitation Treatments and Therapy Peer support groups (AA) Collective Action (Mothers Against Drunk Driving-

MADD)

Service Learning Agreement Due in 2 weeksService Learning Agreement At least six hours of actual community service work are required for credit

1. Organization name, address, phone number, web site link ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Name and position of administrator you will be working with ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Signature of administrator you will be working with to verify planned volunteering ______________________________________Date:_________________

4. Brief outline of the organization, its mission ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Who benefits from the work of this organization? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. What service will you be providing? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Quiz 1 next week

• Study guide will be posted on website• Study notes, powerpoint, and text• 15 questions multiple choice• Bring a scantron and pencil• YOU MUST BE ON TIME, first 20 minutes of class will be quiz,

followed by lecture• If you are late you will not have enough time

Illegal Drugs and How They Got That Way

b. Heroinc. Marijuanad. Methamphetaminese. Ecstasyf. LSD

Before next week• Quiz 1 next week• Use the study guide (will be on website after class)• Investigate a non-profit organization for your 6 hours

of volunteer work• Service Learning Agreement due in 2 weeks• Read Chapter 4 Crime