TobaccoChapter 8

???? ____ % of new smokers are adolescents/teenagers

???? Smokers have about a _____% greater risk of dying from coronary heart disease when compared with lifetime nonsmokers

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Use of Tobacco

Why People use Tobacco Nicotine

Powerful psychoactive drug Reaches Brain via bloodstream in

seconds Most physically addictive of the

psychoactive drugs.

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Why do people use tobacco?

Hint: It’s not because they think that it is good for their health…

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Annual Deaths Attributable to Smoking Related DiseasesText p. 171

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Nicotine Addiction

Three out of four smokers want to quit

60%-80% kick the habit at a stop-smoking clinic.

However, ____start smoking within a year.

Relapse rate similar to alcoholics and heroin addicts.

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Tolerance and Withdrawal

Using tobacco develops toleranceaddiction may occur within a couple of days.

Abstinence from nicotine:predictable withdrawal symptoms

Occurs within hours of last dose of nicotine

Most symptoms pass in 2-3 days.

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Social and Psychological Factors

Established habits or cues to trigger smoking

Secondary reinforcers.

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Why Start in the First Place?

Decreases in usage in the 1980’s but a steady increase in the 1990’s.

Largest increase was 13- and 14-years old.

Children and teenagers make-up 90% of all new smokers in this country.

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Advertising

Tobacco spends nearly $6 billion per year.

86% of teens prefer the top three most advertised brands.

Joe Camel is more familiar than Mickey Mouse.

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Reverse Advertising….

Check this out!

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Who Uses Tobacco?

Characteristics which could increase the potential for use.

A parent or sibling uses tobaccoPeers use tobaccoChild comes from blue-collar familyChild comes from low-income homeSingle parent.Performs poorly in schoolChild drops out of schoolHas positive attitudes towards tobacco

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Immediate Effects of NicotineActs on the brain like cocaine and heroin

At low doses acts like a stimulant Triggers release of chemical messengers in

the brain epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine

Can help smoker regulate moods

Physiological effects

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Health Hazards of Tobacco Smoke

Contains 50,000 times as many damaging chemicals than an equal volume of polluted urban air Carcinogen Damages the lining of the respiratory tract

Carbon monoxide - 400 times stronger than what is considered safe in the work place.

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The Long-Term Effects Cardiovascular Disease

Lung Cancer and other cancers

Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Emphysema

Other Respiratory Damage

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Environmental Tobacco Smoke:Combination of Mainstream and Sidestream SmokeDesignated as a Class ‘A’ Carcinogen

Mainstream- Smoke inhaled by the smoker and exhaled into the atmosphere

Sidesteam- Smoke that comes from the end of the burning cigarette. Both are designated as a Class ‘A’ Carcinogen

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

► Primary caregiver smokes 10 cigarettes per day: Measurable amounts of nicotine and carcinogens in child’s

blood

►More likely to die from SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome)

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Environmental Tobacco Smokecontains:

Twice the tar and nicotine

Almost 3X’s the carbon monoxide (replaces oxygen in the blood)

3 x’s the ammoniaWhen ammonia enters the body as a result of breathing, swallowing or skin contact, it reacts withwater to produce ammonium hydroxide, a corrosive chemical that damages body cells

Causes an estimated 3,000 deaths per year in the U.S.

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Smoking In –Utero Increases Risk of:

Miscarriage

Low- Birth Weight

Delays in physical development and intellectual growth

Children inhale three times more pollutants per unit of body weight than adults

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Cigars- The “Safe” Alternative??!

A typical cigar contains 13.3 mg of nicotine(A cigarette contains 1.1 mg)

A typical cigar contains 44 mg of tar(A cigarette contains 16mg)

A once-a-day smoker who never inhales is 7 times more likely to develop oral cancer than a nonsmoker

National Cancer Institute 1999

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Other Forms of Tobacco

Spit (Smokeless) Tobacco

Cigar and Pipes

Clove cigarettes and Bidis

There is no safe tobacco.

There is no safe tobacco.

There is no safe tobacco.

There is no safe tobacco.

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Cost of Tobacco Use to Society

Health care costs exceed $70 billion per year.

Lost productivity from sickness, disability, and premature death makes it closer to $125 Billion per year.

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Benefits of Quitting It is never too late to quit.Nicotine ReplacementNon-Nicotine Medications AcupunctureCounselingSupport Group

The “Best” strategy is the one(s) that works.