Tobacco(chapter 16)

• Tobacco companies need 3000 new smokers a day to replace those that quit or die

• It takes 25 years for a cigarette butt to decompose• The average smoker destroys about one tree every two

weeks• Children of smokers are more likely to have asthma, ear

infections, more colds, and die of sudden infant death syndrome

• The average smoker will die approximately seven years earlier than a nonsmoker

• 1:6 deaths in the US can be linked to smoking

• Smoking is the # 1 cause of preventable death, 443,000 people a year die

• 2nd hand smoke is the 3rd leading cause of preventable death (approx. 40,000 deaths per year)

• 90% of smokers start before age 21

• Children are the main target group for tobacco companies

Ways Tobacco Gets in the Body

• Cigarettes• Cigars (up to 80x’s more nicotine than cigarettes)

cancer risk increases 51% when switch from cigarettes• Pipes• Chewing tobacco – leafy form used in mouth• Snuff- powdery form of tobacco sniffed through nose• Dip- powdery form of tobacco placed in mouth• Snus – ground tobacco wrapped in tea-bag• Bidis – unfiltered cigarette, tobacco wrapped in leaf• Second-hand smoke- smoke from burning cigarette• Environmental smoke- smoke left in environment• Hookah – water pipe used to smoke tobacco

Hookah

Compared to a single cigarette, hookah smoke can contain:

• Higher levels of arsenic, lead, & nickel

• 36 times more tar• 15 times higher carbon

monoxide• Higher levels of carcinogensA 45 minute session equals

about the same amount of tar & nicotine as a pack of cigarettes

Health risks include:• Cancer, heart disease,

lung damage, dental disease, oral cancers

• Exposure to 2nd hand smoke puts one at risk for harmful health effects

• Hookah and pregnancy have lower birth rate by at least 100 grams and are at high risk for respiratory diseases.

E - Cigarettes

• Operates by electronically vaporizing a liquid solution that often contains nicotine, creating a mist which is then inhaled. “Vaping”.

• Cartridges generally contain varying levels of nicotine, flavoring, and other chemicals.

• Because there is nicotine, it is still addictive and have the same physiological effects as other tobacco products.

E- Cigarettes

Health Effects

• The liquids contain ingredients that on short term use, may irritate airways and may lead to allergic reactions harmful to health.

• Aerosols of some liquids contain harmful substances similar to those found in tobacco.

• E-Cigs emit fine and ultrafine inhalable liquid particles, nicotine, and cancer causing substances.

• Because of the products newness, studies are still in the works and long term damage is uncertain.

Main Ingredients in Cigarettes

• Tobacco- the plant used to make cigarettes, contains nicotine.

• Nicotine- highly addictive drug found in all tobacco drugs. Has stimulant effects on the body.

• Tar- dark sticky liquid that forms when tobacco is burned. Coats the airways and can cause cancer.

• Carbon Monoxide- the colorless, odorless gas produced when tobacco is burned. Attaches to red blood cells and replaces oxygen.

• Carcinogens- cancer causing chemicals

There are over 7000 chemical in tobacco smoke, including:

• Acetone- used in nail polish remover• Ammonia- floor/toilet cleaner• Arsenic- poison• Carbon monoxide- car exhaust• DDT- insecticide• Formaldehyde- used to preserve dead organs• Methane- swamp gas• Methanol- rocket fuel• Butane- cigarette lighter fluid

What’s in Smokeless Tobacco

Smokeless Tobacco

Anatomy of a Cigarette

• Filter: filters some of the chemicals in cigarettes. Also considered the butt of the cigarette.

• Mainstream smoke: what the smoker gets from inhaling the cigarette, filtered

• Side-stream smoke: smoke from the burning end of cigarette, unfiltered.Contains 2X’s amount of tobacco & tar as mainsteam smoke

Early Effects of Tobacco

• Decrease taste and smell• Increase cough• Yellowing of hands and teeth• Wrinkles• Bad breath• Smelly clothes and hair• Lowered immune system• Shortness of breath• Impaired physical ability• Mouth sores

Long –Term Risks

• Cancer:– The carcinogens in tobacco are cancer

causing– lung cancer is the #1 cancer causing death.

85% of cases are caused from tobacco.– Other cancers include: mouth, throat, bladder,

pancreas, blood, and kidney– The earlier one starts smoking, the greater

the risk

Healthy Lung

Cancer Lung

Mouth Cancer

• Respiratory Disease / Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD):– Chronic Bronchitis – excess mucus in

lungs, cough a lot, difficulty breathing– Emphysema- alveoli (air sacs) in lungs are

permanently destroyed and breathing gets increasingly more difficult. This disease is irreversible. Many people end up depending on breathing machines to help them breath

Emphysema Lung

• Cardiovascular Diseases– Includes: heart disease, high blood pressure, and

stroke

Smoking causes the heart to work harder, constricts the blood vessels, reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood, and blocks the flow of blood. It also increases cholesterol levels in the blood.

• Smokers are 2-3x’s more likely to have a heart attack• Smoking doubles a person’s chance of a stroke

Gum and Dental Disease

Tobacco Use and Pregnancy

Tobacco smoke increases the baby’s heart rate, reduces it’s oxygen supply, and slows cell growth. Smoking puts baby at risk for:

- Low birth weight - SIDS

- Premature Birth - Asthma

- Hearing problems - Stillbirth

- Learning difficulties - Miscarriage

Tobacco and Addiction

• Nicotine takes 7 seconds to reach the brain and begin it’s stimulant effects on the body

• Initially most people feel nauseous, dizzy, and might vomit but tolerance builds quickly and so does the number of cigarettes a person smokes.

• Physical and psychological both develop but most people have a stronger psychological dependence because of their smoking and habit relationship.

• Withdrawals: nicotine is out of the body 3-5 days after quitting. Physical withdrawals include irritation, headaches, low energy, and feeling anxious.

Quitting Tobacco

The benefits are happen right away and they can make a huge

impact on one’s health……

But quitting isn’t easy, it requires a thought out plan.

• The average smoker makes 5 attempt to quit before success.

• Identify your reasons or motivation for quitting.• Have a plan• Use support (people and/or smoking cessation

aids)• Account for your triggers

Remember, it’s easier to not start than it is to quit.