The Mongols!!!

Get into groups of 3-4 today.

You need your Ch. 11 notes out. Also, have out another sheet of paper and something to write with for notes.

Introductory Questions: Nomadic Pastoral SocietiesWith your group, discuss the following questions:

1. How did pastoral nomads such as the Mongols differ from settled agricultural societies?

2. What was the relationship between nomadic pastoralists and their settled agricultural neighbors?

3. What advantages did nomadic groups have? What advantages did settled agricultural groups have?

4. What did nomadic societies depend on? 5. What are some contributions of nomadic

societies? 6. Why did nomadic societies periodically unite into

military confederations?

Nomadic Groups In World History

Which nomadic groups have we looked at in our study of history so far? What is each one known for doing or contributing?

Nomadic Groups In World History

Nomadic groups we’ve looked at so far:

● Huns● Xiongnu● Turks● Jurchen● Uighurs● Berbers● Bedouin

THE MONGOLS

How did the Mongols rise to power? How did they become such a force, even though they had a relatively small population?

THE MONGOLSFactors in the Mongols’ rise to power:

● Leadership/charisma of Genghis Khan (Temujin)

● Fractured/weak state of surrounding civilizations (China, Persia, Russia)

● Discipline, organization, and tactics of military

● Fearsome reputation (psychological warfare)

● Meritocracy- people promoted based on individual merit

THE MONGOLS

What characterized the Mongols?

THE MONGOLS

Major characteristics: ● Unconventional war tactics● Postal system (yam)● Religiously tolerant● Resist= die; if you give them tribute and don’t resist=

keep your way of life● Supported trade- opened the Silk Road back up● Moved skilled workers to where they were needed

throughout the empire

WHAP REMINDERS

HW: Ch. 12 will be due the Monday after Thanksgiving break (11/27)- if you want to avoid reading (HW) over the break, you’ll want to have this done prior to break. There will be skill activities for this chapter- it will be on the website later today. This will be due Monday 11/27 as well.

Tomorrow: Introduce DBQ, analyze docs for DBQ (doc analysis + DBQ planning due Friday- have this done prior to writing your DBQ)Friday: Write DBQ in class

WARM-UP

Discuss with your group:

For the following khanates: ● China (Khanate of the Great Khan/ Yuan Dynasty)● Persia (il-Khanate)● Russia (Khanate of the Golden Horde)

Identify the 3 things you think are most important to know (summarize the khanate in 3 ideas)

China (Khanate of the Great Khan, or Yuan Dynasty)● Long conquest- concern for accommodating the population (why?)● Landowners allowed to keep lands (why?)● Kept some things in place: administrative practices, taxation (why?)● Discarded other things: civil service examination● Moved Mongol capital to modern-day Beijing (Khanbalik)● Kublai Khan: ruled China from 1271-1294- some improvements in

infrastructure, some support for local religions (or at least tolerance)● Mongol rule still harsh, foreign, exploitative- Mongol law sometimes

discriminated against Chinese; intermarriage forbidden● Mongols still retained decision-making power, and really did not

“become Chinese”- kept some distance between Mongol & Chinese culture. Relied heavily on foreign administrators (esp. Persians)

● Marco Polo visited China during the Yuan period● Mongol rule ended in 1368 when the Ming Dynasty took over due to

rebellions, disease, fragmentation- Mongols largely went back to Mongolia

Kublai Khan

Persia (Il-Khanate)

● More immediate takeover than China● Very destructive- cities destroyed, many Islamic centers of learning

gone● Sacking of Baghdad in 1258- ended the Abbasid caliphate● Severe devastation to agriculture- desertification expedited● Persian bureaucracy heavily utilized● More than any other khanate, Mongols integrated into local society-

largely adopted Islam; others intermarried.

Russia (Khanate of the Golden Horde)

● Seen as the least important khanate (why?)● Region where Mongol rule lasted the longest● As with Persia, much devastation● Ended the influence of Kiev● Demanded significant tribute- Moscow emerged as a major tribute

city; others sold into slavery● Some nobles who controlled the flow of tribute got wealthy● Location near steppes= Mongols could continue their way of life more

so than in other khanates● Mongol practices (weapons, postal system, military draft) influenced

the creation of a stronger Russian state to follow● Largely isolated Russia from the Renaissance in Western Europe=

contribute to idea of Russia as being “backward.”● Mongols finally expelled in 1480 by Ivan III (Ivan the Great)

Why are the Mongols considered “the exception” in history?

Is the term

“barbarians”

fitting for the

mongols?

Discuss with your

groups.