To sum it up - ga.ruv.de · Expectations on future mobility Autonomous Driving is the key enabler for - improving road safety - improving traffic flow - improving fuel efficiency

To sum it up…

Prof. Dr. Peter König

Institute of Automotive Technology

Trier University of Applied Sciences 1

03.09.2015 Prof. Dr. Peter König 2

Potentials of Autonomous Driving

Autonomous Driving is the key enabler for

- improving road safety

- improving traffic flow

- improving fuel efficiency and pollution

- improving quality of life and comfort


A Word on Road Safety…

Global Status Report on Road Safety: - per year about 1.24 million people die annually in traffic accidents - additionally 20 - 50 million people get hurt in traffic accidents - the total loss of traffic accidents counts for more than $100B per year

WHO





- improving fuel efficiency and pollution




A Word on Traffic Flow…

Continuous growth of megalopolises: - more than 10 mega cities with population of more than 10 million - more than 20 regions globally in which mega cities and suburbs adjoin each other - enabling mobility will be top priority for the future society

Java (Jakarta - Tangerang): 143,000,000 Taiheiyō Belt, Japan (Chiba – Fukuoka): 80,000,000 Pearl River Delta (Hong Kong - Quanzhou): 70,000,000 Yangtze River Delta (Shanghai - Ma'anshan): 88,000,000 Bohai Economic Rim (Beijing - Qingdao): 66,400,000 Blue Banana (London, Benelux, Rhine-Ruhr, Milan): 130,000,000 Great Lakes (ChiPitts): 55,600,000 Northeast (BosWash): 55,200,000 Quebec City – Windsor Corridor: 18,000,000






- improving fuel efficiency and air pollution



A Word on Fuel Economy…

Continuous demand for mobilization:

China

Republic of China

Need for oil:









The Future Way of Life…

Increasing demand for comfort and privacy during transportation

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Expectations on future mobility







… so what is our future looking like?


… so what is your future looking like?

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Technology will replace the Human

Perception-Action approach to fullfill driving task


Human Data Processing during Driving

Relevance of non-predictible intuition based action during driving

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Todays infrastructure presupposes personal experience and intuition. A human filled data base can never be as updated as all humans life experience. So introducing autonomous driving is possible if we either - accept higher risks for accidents in special cases (esp. rural areas) or - provide an adapted infrastructure that does not postulate intuition.

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Infrastructure for Autonomous Driving

Concepts for a future infrastructure

Audi, Höweler +Yoon Architecture


Infrastructure for improved Road Safety

Concepts how to improve road safety in a medieval infrastructure

Pedestrian fatalities per million habitants

Netherlands

SWOV, 2006

„Sustainable Safety“ - Concept starting 1995

- definition of new categories for streets based on either separation or combination of unequal traffic flows at different speeds - target is mono-functionality of all streets for pass-through / distribution / arrival - increase of top speed on highways - increase of top speed on distribution roads - reduction of top speed on arrival streets - limitation of max. length of arrival streets


Road Traffic Data

Protection of Vulnerable Road Users

As long as we can not realize

separated traffic flows for

unequal road users

we need to focus on the

protection of vulnerable road users

as e.g. 2-wheelers and pedestrian.

WHO


Pedestrian Protection

Introduction of Pedestrian Protection Requirements in NCAP and UN R127

EuroNCAP



Lower Leg Impactor Test in order to reduce injury

Flexible Pedestrian Leg Impactor Flex-PLI

Flex-PLI intro 2014

TRL-leg since 1997

Impact Speed: 40 kph

24.5 mph

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Autonomous Emergency Braking AEB in order to avoid injury

Video Camera Radar

Volvo, EuroNCAP



Implementation of Radar, Ultra Sonic Sensors and Laser Scanners

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AP



Concepts for Pedestrian Friendly Bumpers - Top View

Definition of testing

area acc. to UN R127

60°

Concept: Implementation of „PedPro Corners“



Concepts for Pedestrian Friendly Bumpers - Top View

Definition of testing area

according to NCAP

includes hard structures

below bumper!

60°

Concept: Elimination of hard structures outside of „PedPro Corners“



Design Concepts for Pedestrian Friendly Bumpers



Concepts for Pedestrian Friendly Bumpers - Side View

Impactor wraps around the bumper

bending limits are exceeded „old“

designs

Concept 1) „flat nose“

design



Concepts for Pedestrian Friendly Bumpers - Side View

Impactor wraps around the bumper

bending limits are exceeded „old“

designs

Concept 2) „rotation“

design



Concepts for Pedestrian Friendly Bumpers

Concepts: - 130 mm of soft foam in front of hard bumper beam - hard lower bumper stiffener rotates in cooler package - radar systems need to be packaged far upfront

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Concepts for Pedestrian Friendly Bumpers

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Impact on average damage

ADAC Bumper Crash

10 kph Toyota Avensis vs Audi Q7

- Radar Sensor defect: 3.271 €

- Total damage Avensis > 5.000 €

Repair Cost : Radar Sensors Mercedes 464 € - Honda, Toyota, Jaguar >3.000 € (plus installation and adjustment) Parking Sensors: Citroen 40 € - Audi 280 € Xenon Head Lights: Toyota 657 € - Peugeot 308 1.233 €

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Outlook: - the introduction of autonomous driving in todays urban environment is still far away - pedestrian friendly vehicle concepts do not lead to a significant reduction of fatalities but - they increase pedestrian injury in low speed impacts - they significantly increase the amount of loss in low speed impacts



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To sum it up - ga.ruv.de · Expectations on future mobility Autonomous Driving is the key enabler for - improving road safety - improving traffic flow - improving fuel efficiency