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Aubron Claire, Bainville Sébastien, Philippon Olivier, 2019. Is dairy farming benefiting the poor?Compared economic assessments at the farm level, International seminar "Milk and Dairy in India’sDevelopment Path. Lessons, challenges and perspectives", India International Centre, New Delhi, 17-18 December, 19 p.
IS DAIRY FARMING BENEFITING THE POOR?COMPARED ECONOMIC ASSESSMENTS AT THE FARM LEVEL
C. Aubron, S. Bainville and O. Philippon
DAIRY FARMING SYSTEMS DIVERSITY: TYPE AND NUMBER OF ANIMAL(S)
Spontaneousfodder
(grazing)
Spontaneousfodder
(cut-and-carry)
DAIRY FARMING SYSTEMS DIVERSITY: FEEDING PRACTICES
Spontaneousfodder
(grazing)
Spontaneousfodder
(cut-and-carry)
Fibrous crop residues
(produced on
the farm)
Fibrous crop residues
(purchased)
Spontaneousfodder
(grazing)
Spontaneousfodder
(cut-and-carry)
Fibrous crop residues
(produced on
the farm)
Irrigated fodder crops
(cut-and-
carry)
Fibrous crop residues
(purchased)
Spontaneousfodder
(grazing)
Spontaneousfodder
(cut-and-carry)
Fibrous crop residues
(produced on
the farm)
Irrigated fodder crops
(cut-and-
carry)
Concentrate feed
(purchased)
Fibrous crop residues
(purchased)
Work load per feed unit
Spontaneousfodder
(grazing)
Spontaneousfodder
(cut-and-carry)
Fibrous crop residues
(produced on
the farm)
Irrigated fodder crops
(cut-and-
carry)
Concentrate feed
(purchased)
Fibrous crop residues
(purchased)
Farmer type Type and number
of animals
Investorsin dairy
7 to a few dozen crossbred cows or buf.
Landowners with hired labour
2-4 crossbred cows or female buffaloes
Family farmers
1-4 crossbred cows or female buffaloes
Family farmers
1-3 local cows or female buffaloes
Landless labourers
1-2 local cows or female buffaloes
Pastoral communities
~10 local cows or female buffaloes
Feeding practices
Farmer type Type and number
of animals
Spontaneousfodder
(cut-and-
carry)
Spontaneousfodder
(grazing)
Fibrous crop residues
(produced on
the farm)
Irrigated fodder crops
(cut-and-
carry)
Fibrous crop residues
(purchased)
Concentrate feed
(purchased)
Investorsin dairy
7 to a few dozen crossbred cows or buf.
++ ++ +++
Landowners with hired labour
2-4 crossbred cows or female buffaloes
++ ++ (+) +++
Family farmers
1-4 crossbred cows or female buffaloes
+ ++ ++ (+) ++
Family farmers
1-3 local cows or female buffaloes
++ ++ +
Landless labourers
1-2 local cows or female buffaloes
+++ + +
Pastoral communities
~10 local cows or female buffaloes
+++ + +
DAIRY FARMING LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY
Dairy farming systems labour productivity (Vinukonda, Andhra Pradesh, Deccan plateau)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
40 grazing smallruminants
2 grazing localbuffaloes
4 tethered cb buf.paddy straws
3 tethered cb buf.cultivated napier
Added v
alu
e p
er
day o
f w
ork
(IN
R)
Marblé, 2016
Local agricultural labourer
day wage
Dairy farming systems labour productivity (Petlad, Gujarat, alluvial plain)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
10 local cows withgrazing
2 stall-fed buf.collected grass
3 stall-fed cb cowsand 1 buf.
30 stall-fed cb cows
Added v
alu
e p
er
day o
f w
ork
(IN
R)
Lucas, 2014
Local agricultural labourer
day wage
Dairy farming systems labour productivity (Debra, West Bengal, delta)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
4 goats withspontaneous fodder
1 sharecow 1 local cow paddystraws
3 Jersey cows paddystraws
Added v
alu
e p
er
day o
f w
ork
(IN
R)
Taghavi and Tessier, 2019
Local agricultural labourer
day wage
BETWEEN DAIRY FARMING AND CROPS, LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY DIFFERENTIALS
Comparing labour productivity between cropping and dairy farming systems (Vinukonda, Andhra Pradesh, Deccan plateau)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
Red gram//Castor-oil//Millet
Tobacco Paper trees Chilli//Cotton Mango trees Paddy 40 grazing smallruminants
2 grazing local buffaloes4 tethered cb buf. paddystraws
3 tethered cb buf.cultivated napier
Added v
alu
e p
er
day o
f w
ork
(IN
R)
Marblé, 2016
Local agricultural labourer day wage
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Wheat/Rice Mustard/Millet Tobacco Tobacco/Millet Tobacco/Rice Chilli Tobacco//Banana10 local cows withgrazing
2 buf stall-fedcollected grass
3 cb cows and 1buf stall-fed
30 cb cows sstall-fed
Added v
alu
e p
er
day o
f w
ork
(IN
R)
Comparing labour productivity between cropping and dairy farming systems (Petlad, Gujarat, alluvial plain)
Local agricultural labourer day wage
Lucas, 2014
Comparing labour productivity between cropping and dairy farming systems (Debra, West Bengal, delta)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Amanpaddy/Boro
paddy
Mulberry Vegetables 4 goats withspontaneous
fodder
1 sharecow 1 local cowpaddy straws
3 Jersey cowspaddy straws
Added v
alu
e p
er
day o
f w
ork
(IN
R)
Taghavi and Tessier, 2019
Local agricultural labourer day wage
RESULTING INCOMES DISPARITIES AND DAIRY FARMING CONTRIBUTION TO INCOMES
Incomes related to agriculture and contribution of dairy farming to incomes (Vinukonda, Andhra Pradesh, Deccan plateau)
4 900 000
0 100 000 200 000 300 000 400 000
Investors in mango trees (55 ha)
Absentee landowners with paper trees (5 ha)
Large landowners cash-crops (6 ha)
Mid-size landowners cash-crops (3 ha)
Small family farmers paddy (1,3 ha)
Day labourers
Pastoral communities
Annual income per family worker or per owner (INR)
Livestock and dairy farmingcontribution to incomes
Marblé, 2016
Incomes related to agriculture and contribution of dairy farming (Petlad, Gujarat, alluvial plain)
0 100 000 200 000 300 000 400 000
Landowners giving their land in sharecropping (2 ha)
Large dairy farmers with hired labour (1,2 ha)
Mid-size landowners (1 ha)
Small family farmers (0,2 ha)
Sharecroppers (1 ha)
Day labourers
Pastoral communities
Annual income per family worker or per owner (INR)
Livestock and dairy farmingcontribution to incomes
Lucas, 2014
Incomes related to agriculture and contribution of dairy farming (Debra, West Bengal, delta)
710 000
0 100 000 200 000 300 000 400 000
Large landowners vegetables and flowers (3 ha)
Large landowners paddy (3 ha)
Small family farmers silk-worms (0,2 ha)
Small family farmers paddy (0,2 ha)
Day labourers
Annual income per family worker or per owner (INR)
Livestock and dairy farmingcontribution to incomes
Taghavi and Tessier, 2019
CONCLUSION
The white revolution succeeded in including million of poor households in the Indian dairy sector
However, livestock keepers and dairy farmers remain poor: - the wealth created by dairy farming is low compared the one of irrigated agriculture- dairy farming reduce the disparities in incomes coming from agriculture but is unable to fully compensate them
Enclosure and large dairy farms threatening the white revolution buffer role?