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Kyoto Protocol Branch

Experience in Technology Experience in Technology TransferTransfer

Project

Peter Pembleton/UNIDO for Asia Consultative Workshop

Components/SequenceComponents/Sequence– Problem identification

• Determination of current situation & analysis of real needs

– Access to & provision of technical information– Comparison of TiPs with BATs/benchmarks

• Project-level technology analysis & assessment

– Investment promotion– Matchmaking & negotiation of terms

• Preparations for contracts

– Transfer• Installation, training, operation, maintenance

– Diffusion


Expert assessmentTechnology adviceBenchmarks &

baselinesTechnology

negotiationsPolicy adviceTraining Investment &

fundingAwareness raisingBasic information

service & referrals

Types of services?Types of services?

• through partners such as

Governmentagencies

ProcesstechnologistsManagement consultants

Business, trade &

commercial

AcademiaFinancial

housesNGOsInformation

specialists


Problem IdentificationProblem Identification

• Visit industrial facilities &– Review processes & technologies– Walkthrough audit (energy use)– Collect background data– Determine problems & needs– Discuss with management


Information ProvisionInformation Provision• Basic information

– General awareness– Environmental aspects of technologies– Management systems

• Referrals– Where to go; who to ask

• Techno-economic information* (next slide)

• Publications & dissemination– Hard & soft copy– Internet


Data & information to Data & information to knowledgeknowledge

Plant data Process data Unit op. data

Tech suppliersBATs

ESTs

Case studies

Benchmark data

Baseline data

D-S tools & services

Decision-maker Audits,

measures,monitors

Process change, EST

References

Intermediaries

ActionsOptions

Current technologies


Technology AssessmentTechnology Assessment

• Expert assessments of– Technologies currently used– Appropriateness of alternative technologies

considering following impacts• Technical• Economic• Environmental• Social

• Using tools such as– Identify: analysis of options– COMFAR: feasibility of project


Identify...Identify...

• ...is a software package that helps its users answer two key questions:

– 1) To what extent can improved industrial technologies and practices reduce greenhouse-gas emissions in developing countries ?

– 2) What other impacts, such as costs, would result from the introduction of these technologies?


For a retrofit optionFor a retrofit option

Project

Benchmark dataBenchmark data

(energy efficient (energy efficient options)options)

Knowledge Knowledge of of

emissions emissions reductionreductionoptionsoptions

Energy auditEnergy audit

Application Application of Identifyof Identify

Enter data

Compute results

Baseline Baseline datadata


Project

Baseline Baseline plantplant

Project

EfficientEfficientplantplant

Knowledge of Knowledge of options to avoidoptions to avoid

emissionsemissionsBusinessas

usual(estimate)

Benchmark(estimate)

Enter data Application Application of Identifyof Identify

Compute results

Energy efficient Energy efficient technology alternativetechnology alternative


UNIDO toolUNIDO tool


Investment PromotionInvestment Promotion

• Development of project portfolio– Results of technology assessments

• Use of IDENTIFY & COMFAR

• Dissemination of portfolio– Investment Promotion Network

• Technology & investment events

• Matchmaking


NegotiationNegotiation

• Discussions on• Official bids & terms of transfer• Legal implications & risk apportionment• Deliverables• Financing

• Preparation of contracts• Licenses & concessions• Project agreements• Associated agreements• Financial packages


TransferTransfer

• Construction (if needed)

• Infrastructure development– Roads & utilities

• Installation of equipment

• Training of local staff

• Operation

• Maintenance

• Transfer


Diffusion MechanismsDiffusion Mechanisms

• Pilot or demonstration plant– Plant visits– Monitoring of results vs. expectations

• Promotion of results through– National technology centres– Technical & public media– Publishing case studies– Presentations at meetings & conferences

• Replication– In-plant training


UNIDO servicesUNIDO services


UNIDO technology servicesUNIDO technology services• Technology centres

• solar, small hydro, hydrogen

• E&E technology networks• NCPC, ETAC, INECA, Africa CDM

• Technology negotiations• BOT (manuals & projects)• Manual on negotiations• Model contracts

• Technology assessment• Baseline methodology, IDENTIFY tool & database


UNIDO investment servicesUNIDO investment services

• 14 Investment Promotion Offices– identify & broker international partnerships– preparing projects for financing

• COMFAR– Computer Model for Feasibility Analysis

and Reporting – Training


Strategic AlliancesStrategic Alliances

• Provide links to global sectoral & technological expertise such as through– COGEN Europe* (illustrative example)

– ETC, Netherlands– University of Oxford– Stockholm Environment Institute


Energy EfficiencyEnergy Efficiency

– Minimize energy demand and consumption by optimizing processes, stopping waste and recycling heat (reducing energy GHGs)

– Target process improvements to minimize emissions of non-energy GHGs

– Use cogeneration* to supply heat and power to optimized processes

– Use auditing, corrective actions & target-setting to maintain improvements


AdvantagesAdvantages

Cogeneration Mode

Fuel Used Reduction in CO2

Reduction in SOx

Reduction in NOx

Coal 38% 55% 35%

Oil 22% 48% 50%

Natural Gas

36% 50% 50%


BarriersBarriers

• Lack of knowledge about technology and benefits

• Poor local availability

• Inability to synchronize with production process and with the grid

• Withdrawal of technical guarantee by suppliers in case of modification

• High initial investment costs


– Develop national strategies & policy frameworks

– Develop industrial energy efficiency programmes & projects

• Identify potential & prioritize sectors/measures

– Build capacity & encourage stakeholder involvement

• Develop institutional support• Access information on best practices,

standards, technology information• Training

ActionsActions


END!

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