To Feel To Feel (in) (in) the the DaggerDagger

The concept of Fuhlen The concept of Fuhlen without contact of blades without contact of blades

(presentation of a (presentation of a hypothesis)hypothesis)

Karel Černín, RevertarKarel Černín, Revertar

Sources for techniques Sources for techniques usedused Danzig (1452, Cod.44.A.8Danzig (1452, Cod.44.A.8 ))

Talhoffer (1443, MS Chart.A.558; 1450, MS Talhoffer (1443, MS Chart.A.558; 1450, MS 78.A.15; 1459, MS Thott.290.2º; 1467, 78.A.15; 1459, MS Thott.290.2º; 1467, Codex Icon 394a)Codex Icon 394a)

Kal (cca 1470, CGM 1507)Kal (cca 1470, CGM 1507) Wallerstein (cca 1470, Cod. I.6.4°.2)Wallerstein (cca 1470, Cod. I.6.4°.2) Falkner (1495, MS KK5012)Falkner (1495, MS KK5012) Goliath (cca 1510, MS German Quarto 2020)Goliath (cca 1510, MS German Quarto 2020) Dürer (1512, MS 26-232)Dürer (1512, MS 26-232) Berlin (1512, Libr.Pict.A.83)Berlin (1512, Libr.Pict.A.83) Glasgow (1508, MS E.1939.65.341)Glasgow (1508, MS E.1939.65.341)

partly: Liberi (cca 1410, Pisani-Dossi partly: Liberi (cca 1410, Pisani-Dossi Edition)Edition)

Marozzo (1536, Opera Nova)Marozzo (1536, Opera Nova)

InspirationInspiration

Eli SteenputEli Steenput: oponents reaction to : oponents reaction to one technique can create opening one technique can create opening and opportunity for anotherand opportunity for another

Colin RichardsColin Richards: Fuhlen can be : Fuhlen can be used to choose between different used to choose between different techniquestechniques

Anton KohutovičAnton Kohutovič: to apply Fuhlen : to apply Fuhlen you need to put oponent under you need to put oponent under pressurepressure

Executive summaryExecutive summary PRIMARY COUNTER (plan A)PRIMARY COUNTER (plan A):: Catch attacker´s armed hand, push it Catch attacker´s armed hand, push it

out of the wayout of the way,, keep contact and keep contact and control.control.

If you have a dagger, stab. / If not, hit If you have a dagger, stab. / If not, hit him in the face and throw him.him in the face and throw him.

FUHLEN:FUHLEN: If you fail (he counters), feel the If you fail (he counters), feel the

pressure of his armed hand.pressure of his armed hand.

SECONDARY COUNTER (plan B)SECONDARY COUNTER (plan B):: According to WEICH or HERT apply According to WEICH or HERT apply

locks, breaks, disarms and throws.locks, breaks, disarms and throws.

High stab – Upper High stab – Upper shieldshield

Talhoffer 1459 64vTalhoffer 1459 64v

Primary counter = Primary counter = stabstab

Liberi (Pisani-Dossi) 10vLiberi (Pisani-Dossi) 10v

HERT: Secondary HERT: Secondary counterscounters

Talhoffer 1467 t. 182, Goliath t. 11Talhoffer 1467 t. 182, Goliath t. 11

WEICH: Secondary WEICH: Secondary counterscounters

Wallerstein 25r, Talhoffer 1450Wallerstein 25r, Talhoffer 1450

System in the System in the dagger fighting: dagger fighting:

A hidden truth or a A hidden truth or a sophisticated lie?sophisticated lie?

Reasons FOR the Reasons FOR the systemsystem Complex locks and disarms donComplex locks and disarms don

´t work as primary techniques ´t work as primary techniques beacuse:beacuse:

a)a) attacker escapesattacker escapesb)b) attacker countersattacker counters

Quick primary counter forces Quick primary counter forces attacker to react and opens attacker to react and opens opportunity for applying more opportunity for applying more complex techniquescomplex techniques

Reasons AGAINST the Reasons AGAINST the systemsystem Not supported by manuscripts – all Not supported by manuscripts – all

techniques appear to be „primary“.techniques appear to be „primary“.

Different possible explanations for Different possible explanations for broad portfolio of techniques - broad portfolio of techniques - choice might be based on: choice might be based on:

a)a) defender´s preferences or intentdefender´s preferences or intentb)b) attacker´s characteristics attacker´s characteristics

(taller/smaller, stronger/weaker…)(taller/smaller, stronger/weaker…)c)c) attack (angle, positions of feet…)attack (angle, positions of feet…)

Chaotic situation after primary Chaotic situation after primary counter – „what if“ syndromcounter – „what if“ syndrom

Still want to hear more of our Still want to hear more of our „sophisticated lies“?„sophisticated lies“?

Here we go! Here we go!

A.A.UnarmedUnarmed

High stab – left hand High stab – left hand blockblock

Talhoffer 1450Talhoffer 1450

Primary counter = neck Primary counter = neck throwthrow

Talhoffer 1450Talhoffer 1450

HERT: Secondary HERT: Secondary counterscounters

Talhoffer 1459 61v, Durer t.48, Berlin 52v (Danzig 86r)Talhoffer 1459 61v, Durer t.48, Berlin 52v (Danzig 86r)

WEICH: Secondary WEICH: Secondary counterscounters

Talhoffer 1443 t. 121Talhoffer 1443 t. 121

B.B.ArmedArmed

High stab – left hand High stab – left hand blockblock

Falkner 46vFalkner 46v

Primary counter = Primary counter = stabstab

Talhoffer 1467 t.190Talhoffer 1467 t.190

HERT: Secondary HERT: Secondary counterscounters

Talhoffer 1467 t.178, Talhoffer 1459 Talhoffer 1467 t.178, Talhoffer 1459 70v,70v, Talhoffer 1467 t.188Talhoffer 1467 t.188

WEICH: Secondary WEICH: Secondary counterscounters „„| Merck | hat er den | Merck | hat er den

degen gefast | das degen gefast | das die scheib an seine~ die scheib an seine~ klaine finger stet | klaine finger stet | vnd sticht dir oben vnd sticht dir oben zu° so ver ker dein zu° so ver ker dein lincke hant | vnd var lincke hant | vnd var von vnden auf | vnd von vnden auf | vnd begreif ÿm den begreif ÿm den arm~ vorñ peÿ der arm~ vorñ peÿ der hannt vnder seine~ hannt vnder seine~ degen | vnd würg degen | vnd würg ÿm den degen mit ÿm den degen mit deine~ lincken arm~ deine~ lincken arm~ vbersich auf “vbersich auf “

Danzig 94v-95rDanzig 94v-95r Falkner 48vFalkner 48v

A.A.UnarmedUnarmed

High stab – right hand High stab – right hand blockblock

Talhoffer 1450Talhoffer 1450

Primary counter = Primary counter = throwthrow

Marozzo t.61Marozzo t.61

HERT: Secondary HERT: Secondary counterscounters

Talhoffer 1443 t.118Talhoffer 1443 t.118

„„Sticht Er aber den Sticht Er aber den oberñ stich zu dir / nach oberñ stich zu dir / nach deine~ haubt / oder zu deine~ haubt / oder zu der prust / so far von der prust / so far von vndtñ auff mit der vndtñ auff mit der rechtñ ewichen hant / rechtñ ewichen hant / vndter sein rechte vndter sein rechte hant / vnd begreyff in hant / vnd begreyff in den arm~ / vnd mit der den arm~ / vnd mit der linckn hant vber sein linckn hant vber sein rechtñ arm~ / thue den rechtñ arm~ / thue den tegen võ dir / so nymbst tegen võ dir / so nymbst du im den tegeñ / oder du im den tegeñ / oder wurfst in vber ein pain / wurfst in vber ein pain / als oben gemalt stet / als oben gemalt stet / „„

Glasgow 98rGlasgow 98r

WEICH: Secondary WEICH: Secondary counterscounters

Talhoffer 1450Talhoffer 1450

B.B.ArmedArmed

High stab – right hand High stab – right hand blockblock

Berlin 61vBerlin 61v

Primary counter = Primary counter = stabstab „„| Merck sticht er von oben nyder | vnd | Merck sticht er von oben nyder | vnd

hat den degen gefast das die scheib hat den degen gefast das die scheib hinden an der hant stet | So fass dein hinden an der hant stet | So fass dein degen auch also | vnd stich von vnden degen auch also | vnd stich von vnden auf mit verkartem degen gegen seinen auf mit verkartem degen gegen seinen stich | vnd lass dir die hant nicht stich | vnd lass dir die hant nicht begreiffen | vnd stich in das gesicht ~begreiffen | vnd stich in das gesicht ~““

Danzig 95rDanzig 95r

Berlin 65vBerlin 65v

HERT: Secondary HERT: Secondary counterscounters

Talhoffer 1443 92r, Kal 77v Talhoffer 1443 92r, Kal 77v

WEICH: Secondary WEICH: Secondary counterscounters

Berlin 55r, Talhoffer 1459 65v Berlin 55r, Talhoffer 1459 65v

A.A.UnarmedUnarmed

Low stab – both hands Low stab – both hands blockblock

Talhoffer 1450Talhoffer 1450

Primary counter = Primary counter = throwthrow

„„Var mit deiner lincken hant Var mit deiner lincken hant vorñ für sein hals | vnd schreit vorñ für sein hals | vnd schreit mit deinem lincken fues hinder mit deinem lincken fues hinder seinen rechten | vnd würf ÿn seinen rechten | vnd würf ÿn vber dein lincks knÿe aus dem vber dein lincks knÿe aus dem fuess ~“fuess ~“

Danzig 96rDanzig 96r

HERT: Secondary HERT: Secondary countercounter

Falkner 52rFalkner 52r

WEICH: Secondary WEICH: Secondary countercounter „„| Wenn dir einer mit dem degen vnden | Wenn dir einer mit dem degen vnden

zu° sticht so begreif ÿm den arm~ zu° sticht so begreif ÿm den arm~ arm~ mit paiden henden | vnd lauf ÿm arm~ mit paiden henden | vnd lauf ÿm durch den arm~ | vnd halt fest | So durch den arm~ | vnd halt fest | So prichstu Im den arm~ auch nÿmpstu Im prichstu Im den arm~ auch nÿmpstu Im den degen | ob dw wild ~den degen | ob dw wild ~““

Danzig 96rDanzig 96r

Berlin 53r Berlin 53r

B.B.ArmedArmed

Low stab – left hand Low stab – left hand blockblock

Kal 76v (catching the hand - Danzig 94v)Kal 76v (catching the hand - Danzig 94v)

Primary counter = Primary counter = stabstab

Berlin 38rBerlin 38r

HERT: Secondary HERT: Secondary countercounter

Talhoffer 1467 t.182 Talhoffer 1467 t.182

WEICH: Secondary WEICH: Secondary countercounter

Kal 77rKal 77r

bonus:bonus:ArmedArmed

High stab – dagger High stab – dagger blockblock

Talhoffer 1443 88vTalhoffer 1443 88v

Primary counter = arm Primary counter = arm breakbreak

Wallerstein 22vWallerstein 22v

HERT: Secondary HERT: Secondary countercounter

Talhoffer 1459 64rTalhoffer 1459 64r

WEICH: Secondary WEICH: Secondary countercounter

Wallerstein 25vWallerstein 25v