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TO DETERMINE THE NATURE OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC BY IDENTIFYING THEIR ACTIONS
THAT LED TO THE CREATION OF A STATE AND SOCIETY
PRAGMATIC & PRACTICAL SENATUS POPULUSQUE
ROMANUM “THE ROMAN SENATE & PEOPLE”
CONSTITUTION CHANGED AS SOCIETY CHANGED 509 BCE VS. 27 BCE
CONSTITUTION SET OF TRADITIONAL BELIEFS, CUSTOMS & LAWS
SOCIAL DIVISIONS SHAPED POLITICS
PATRICIANS 10% PLEBIANS 90%
SENATE –STABILITY & CONTINUITY
EXECUTIVE – 2 CONSULS LEGISLATURE – STRUGGLE
OF THE ORDERS SENATE ASSEMBLY OF CENTURIES TRIBUNES – PLEBES W/ VETO ASSEMBLY OF TRIBES 12 TABLES 451 BC – 1ST
LEGAL CODE LANDMARK 287 ALL LAWS
PASSED BY PLEBEIAN ASSEMBLY HAD FORCE OF LAW & BINDING ON ALL – NO SENATE APPROVAL
LASTING LEGACY WAS STRUGGLE ORDERLY, PEACEFUL & NOT VIOLENT – PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS
ALL MALE CITIZENS = BEFORE THE LAW
PATERFAMILIAS
500-300 BCE - CONQUEST OF ITALY – GAULS – PAID OFF TO LEAVE 390BCE
SUPERIOR ORGANIZATION, INSTITUTIONS & MANPOWER WON OUT TIME AFTER TIME
COLONIZATION – SPREAD CULTURE; GENIUS WAS BRING-ING HETEROGENEOUS GROUPS INTO 1 POL. SYSTEM
2 GROUPS – THOSE IN & AROUND ROME “ROMANS” AND THOSE FURTHER FROM ROME - “ITALIANS” – NO VOTE
THIS STRATEGY ALLOWED FOR PEOPLES TO SHARE A CULTURE TO BECOME “ROMAN”
SAMNITE WARS 282 BCE: PYRRHIC VICTORY – ROME HAS DIRECT CONTACT WITH GREEKS IN S. ITALY
BY 264 BCE ALL ITALY UNDER ROMAN CONTROL EXCEPT EXTREME NORTH
PUNIC WARS WITH CARTHAGE (MAJOR MEDITERRANEAN POWER) 3 SEPARATE WARS
1ST 264-241 BCE – BEGAN IN SICILY, ROME DEVELOPED NAVY & DEFEATS CARTHAGE
CARTHAGE GAVE UP SICILY & PAID ROME INDEMNITY – 1ST ROMAN OVERSEAS PROVINCE
SAMNITE WARS 282 BCE: PYRRHIC VICTORY – ROME HAS DIRECT CONTACT WITH GREEKS IN S. ITALY
BY 264 BCE ALL ITALY UNDER ROMAN CONTROL EXCEPT EXTREME NORTH
PUNIC WARS WITH CARTHAGE (MAJOR MEDITERRANEAN POWER) 3 SEPARATE WARS
1ST 264-241 BCE – BEGAN IN SICILY, ROME DEVELOPED NAVY & DEFEATS CARTHAGE
CARTHAGE GAVE UP SICILY & PAID ROME INDEMNITY – 1ST ROMAN OVERSEAS PROVINCE
H. BARCA
EXTENDS C.
LAND IN SPAIN
FOR
MANPOWER
SPAIN DIVIDED
B/W C. & R.
C. PROVOKED &
DECLARES WAR
BAD FOR ROME
UNTIL BATTLE
OF ZAMA 202
BCE
R. CONTROLS
SPAIN, C. $,
WON’T DECLARE
WAR W/O PERM.
2ND PUNIC WAR 218-202 BCE – ROME SEIZED CORSICA & SARDINIA
CARTHAGE BASICALLY NEUTERED BUT SOME ROMANS WANT MORE – CONSERVATIVES CONTROL SENATE
ROME DECLARES WAR A 3RD TIME SINCE C. BROKE TREATY BUT NOT A REAL THREAT
149-146 BCE CARTHAGE NO MATCH FOR
ROMANS UNDER SCIPIO AEMILIANUS AFRICANUS THE YOUNGER
CARTHAGE ROMAN TERRITORY CALLED “AFRICA”
CITY RAZED, SURVIVORS SOLD INTO SLAVERY
CONFLICT BETWEEN ROMANS AND MACEDONIANS & SELEUCID KINGDOM
ROME CHAMPIONED GREEK STATES’ FREEDOM & INDEPENDENCE
TERRITORIAL BOUNDARIES REARRANGED IN HELLENISTIC KINGDOMS AS A RESULT
FREEDOM BY 196 BCE
ROME TRIED TO STAY OUT OF GREEK AFFAIRS BUT WILL MAKE THEM PROVINCES STARTING IN 148 BCE
MACEDONIA, CORINTH, PEGAMUM DEEDED TO ROME 133 BCE – FIRST ROMAN PROVINCE IN ASIA
MARE NOSTRUM; “OUR SEA”; MASTER OF THE MEDITERRANEAN
SPAIN TO ASIA MINOR BY 130 BCE