To Assemble a Pc the Following Are the Requirements

8/4/2019 To Assemble a Pc the Following Are the Requirements

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TO ASSEMBLE A PC THE FOLLOWING ARE THE

REQUIREMENTS:

1) CPU

2) MOTHERBOARD

3) RAM

4) SMPS

5) CABINET

6) HARD DISK

7) DVD RW

8) MONITOR

9) KEYBOARD

10) MOUSE

11) SPEAKER

12) ANY EXTRA REQUIREMENTS (SUCH AS TV TUNER CARD, ZIP DRIVE, FLOPPY

DRIVE ETC)

CPU : -

CPU i.e. Central Processing Unit or Microprocessor

Two types

a) PGA PIN GRID ARRAY (i.e. having pins)

b) LGA LINE GRID ARRAY (i.e. without pins)

CPU itself having its speed which is determined by Number of Pins, Clock speed, Internal Cache

Memeory & Number of Cores as per requirement of the user.

Types

o There are two primary manufacturers of computer microprocessors. Intel and

Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) lead the market in terms of speed and quality.Intel's desktop CPUs include Celeron, Pentium, and Core. AMD's desktop


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processors include Sempron, Athlon, and Phenom. Intel makes Celeron M,Pentium M, and Core mobile processors for notebooks. AMD makes mobileversions of its Sempron and Athlon, as well as the Turion mobile processor whichcomes in Ultra and Dual-Core versions. Both companies make both single-coreand multi-core processors.

Features

o Each processor has a clock speed which is measured in gigahertz (GHz). Also, a

processor has a front side bus which connects it with the system's random accessmemory (RAM.) CPUs also typically have two or three levels of cache. Cache is atype of fast memory which serves as a buffer between RAM and the processor.The processor's socket type determines which motherboard it can be installed on.

Function

o A microprocessor is a silicon chip containing millions of microscopic transistors.

This chip functions as the computer's brain. It processes the instructions oroperations contained within executable computer programs. Instead of takinginstructions directly off of the hard drive, the processor takes its instructions frommemory. This greatly increases the computer's speed.

Considerations

o If you're thinking about upgrading your processor yourself, you must check your

motherboard specs first. The CPU you install must have the same socket size as

the slot on the motherboard. Also, when you install a new processor, you mayneed to install a heat sink and fan. This is because faster processors produce moreheat than slower ones. If you fail to protect your new CPU from this heat, youmay end up replacing the processor.

Size

o When it comes to processors, size matters. Whether you're buying a new

computer or upgrading your old one, you must get the fastest processor you canafford. This is because the processor will become obsolete very quickly. Choosing

a 3.6 GHz processor over a 2 GHz today can buy you several years of cheapcomputing time. Also check the speed of the front side bus (FSB) whenpurchasing your new computer or CPU. A front side bus of 800 MHz or greater isessential for fast processing speeds. The processor's cache is also important. Makesure it has at least 1 MB of last level cache if your computing needs are average.If you're an extreme gamer or if you run intensive graphics programs, get theprocessor with the largest cache that fits your budget. There can be hundreds of


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dollars' difference between the cheapest processors and the most expensive ones.However, investing just a little extra cash can get you a much better processor.

Benefits

o Getting a processor with a dual, triple, or quad core can make a significantdifference in the processing power of your computer. It's like having two, three,or four separate processors installed on your computer at one time. Theseprocessors work together to make your computer multitask faster and with greaterefficiency. Getting a CPU with a larger front side bus can enhance the processor'sability to communicate with RAM, which will increase your computer's overallspeed.

MOTHERBOARD : -

Motherboard are chosen so by form factor, socket type, & chipsets used, number of portsrequired viz. VGA, DVI, HDMI, e-sata, firewire etc.

Form Factor

o Form factors are design specifications that set guidelines for motherboard sizes,

mounting screw locations and recommendations for connection socket locationson the motherboard itself. There are two classes of form factors that are of majorconcern. There is the ATX specification, which has several subclasses such asmini-ATX, ATX and Extended ATX. The ATX specification is used mainly forhome computing solutions such as desktops and laptops. The second form factor

of concern is the SSI specification, which has subclasses such as SSI CEB andSSI EEB. These motherboard specifications are designed for high-end enterprisesolutions such as data servers, workstations and rack mount servers.

CPU Socket

o The next consideration in differentiating a motherboard once a form factor has

been determined is the CPU socket type. Every CPU has its own connectivesocket that is designed to accept a particular type or family of processors. Thus amotherboard is defined secondly by the processor type it is compatible with.

Socket types are designed by their respective CPU companies. Enterprise-levelmotherboards often support dual, quad or even octal processor sockets.

Chip Set

o A motherboard's intended use often dictates the chip sets it will have. Chip sets

are controllers built into a motherboard that control such things as PCIe, SATA,EIDE and RAM communications. There are traditionally two chip sets on a


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motherboard, the north bridge and the south bridge. Their respective functions arevaried by design and can often be designed to do the same tasks. The features of amotherboard's chip sets determine if and how well a motherboard will perform ina specific application.

Features

o Motherboards can be designed to connect and communicate between a multitude

of system devices. The current connective features on modern computermotherboards are designed to connect hard drives, add-on cards, CPU, systemmemory and peripheral device ports such as USB, Firewire and eSATA. Further,it is becoming more common for motherboard BIOS software to provideembedded tools for processor, RAM and chip set overclocking.

Considerations

o When choosing a motherboard for a specific purpose, it is key to begin the

selection process in a specific order to ensure your motherboard is compatiblewith the various devices on your computing solution. Form factor, CPU type, chipsets and finally connective sockets are the order in which you should begin themotherboard selection process. Narrowing your choices by any other order canlead to selecting a motherboard that is not compatible with your computingsolution.

RAM :-

RAM, or random-access memory, can carry out and hold information until thecomputer is ready to use it, running multiple programs simultaneously--and thefaster it can do it. RAM's efficiency is a result of the specific type being used;each has a different architecture and speed.

SIMM Chip

o SIMM stands for Single Inline Memory Module. Older computers use SIMM

chips almost exclusively. SIMM chips are 32 bits wide, versus the typical 64-bitbus of the DIMM chip. A bus is a data lane that connects two pieces of hardware

within a computer. The bigger the bus, the more information that can be passedthrough and the faster it operates. To power a more modern Pentiummicroprocessor, two SIMM chips would be required to be the equivalent of oneDIMM chip.

DIMM Chip


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o DIMM stands for Dual Inline Memory Module. Because DIMM chips have a 64-

bit path, they are better suited for Pentium processors. DIMM chips weredesigned to replace the need for two SIMM chips to satisfy a 64-bit bus. DIMMchips have separate electrical contacts, as opposed to SIMM chips that haveredundant electrical contacts. DIMM chips are better suited for modern computers

than SIMM chips because of their efficiency.

SDRAM Chip

o SDRAM stands for Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory. SDRAM

supports a higher bus speed, so it has become the RAM of choice for many newercomputers. SDRAM is designed to read and write more efficiently than the otherforms of RAM because of the way it is tied to the system clock. SDRAM runs insynchronization with the system clock, allowing it to process information muchfaster.

RDRAM

o RDRAM (the R meaning Rambus, also known as RIMM and developed by the

company of the same name) is a specialty memory that is only available inselected applications and only with motherboards that have the proper chip set.This makes implementing RDRAM more expensive since those boards tend to beon the pricey side. They have 184-pin and 232 pin architecture and is faster thanSDRAM, which gives it a slight edge for applications such as gaming, audio, andvideo production.

XDR2 DRAM

o XDR2 is for high performance machines, able to reach over 500 gigabytes of

bandwidth and data rates from 6.4 to 12.8 Gbps (gigabits per second). Powerefficient, it's able to perform at 30 percent lower power than the highest GDDRmemory.

SMPS :-

SMPS is chosen so that our power requirements of PC gets fulfilled.

SMPS are from 250 Watts to 750 Watts are used for HOME purpose as per requirement.

CABINET : -

Cabinets are used as per Requirement viz. BABY ATX, ATX, MICRO ATX type.


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HARD DISK :-

There are three main types IDE/PATA, SATA and SCSI.

Significance

o There are several types of hard drives, and they all require different data cables.

To connect a hard drive to a computer, one must have the proper cables and plugthe cables into the appropriate places.

Background

o There are three main types of hard drive IDE/PATA, SATA and SCSI.

IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) drives, also known as PATA (Parallel ATAttachment) drives, are commonly found in personal computers. However,manufacturers rarely install IDE/PATA drives in new personal computers as ofearly 2009: These drives usually are found only in older computers. TheIDE/PATA technology was designed in 1986 and has mostly been superseded bythe SATA technology in new personal computers.SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) drives are also commonlyfound in personal computers; its technology was developed in 2003.SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) drives usually are found only in high-end server/mainframe computers. Although the SCSI technology has existed since1981, it has been revised numerous times since then; SCSI drives are still used

today.

IDE/PATA

An IDE/PATA hard drive containing 40 pins. Either one or two devices may beconnected to an IDE/PATA cable, and the devices need not be of the same type.For example, an IDE/PATA DVD-R drive may be connected along with anIDE/PATA hard drive on the same cable.

SATA

A SATA hard drive has seven conductors and is smaller than an IDE/PATA. ASATA cable connects a single hard drive to a single connector on the SATAcontroller, which is usually found on the computer's motherboard.

SCSI


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SCSI look similar to IDE/PATA in that both drives use ribbon cables. However,SCSI have more pins than IDE. Depending on the SCSI interface, a SCSI mayhave 50 or 68 pins (IDE/PATA drives have 40). Like IDE, multiple SCSI devicescan be connected to a single channel through "daisy chaining." Depending on theSCSI interface, as many as 7 or 15 devices may be connected to a single SCSI

channel.

DVD RW : -

CD/DVD writes data in Optical form on a Blank CD/DVD.

CD have 700 MB size & DVD have 4.5 GB & above in size.

CD Types

Audio CDs are formatted to store audio files and come in a variety of different storagesizes. The files are written to the disc in a digital format that is contained in frames; eachframe consists of 66 bytes of data. The frames are organized into tracks. CDs typicallycontain 99 official tracks although some contain more, which are referred to as hiddentracks.

Data CDs can hold audio, video and document files and have replaced the floppy disc asthe most popular data storage system.

Video CDs are formatted to hold videos and movies, but that's where the similarity to aDVD ends. Because of the way video files are burned onto the disc, the picture and soundquality are much poorer than the quality found on a DVD.

DVD Types

DVD video discs are used to burn movies or video. The disc is able to support bothMPEG files and digital audio files. Video discs can consist of one or two layers; single-layer discs contain video files that are embedded with audio files while dual discs haveone layer for video files and one for audio, which are burned simultaneously.

DVD audio discs are similar to CD audio discs but because of the way that the data isburned onto the disc, DVD audio discs can hold more audio files in a higher quality. The

audio data is burned onto the DVD in a similar fashion as a audio CD, but the DVD's redlaser burns faster than a CD's ultraviolet laser thus creating a higher number of compactfiles.

Now a days Blue Ray Discs are also available which is having capacity of 100 GB.


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MONITOR : -

Important considerations are space available, size needed, and budget.

CRTo CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) computer monitors were the most common computer

monitors until flat panel screens became affordable. Similar to older TVs, CRTmonitors still typically have much better contrast ratios and viewing angles thanother computer monitor alternatives.

LCD

o LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) computer monitors save a lot of space and can even

be mounted on walls. They provide a wide viewing angle and come in sizes

typically ranging from 17-inches to 60-inches.

Plasma

o Plasma computer monitors are less commonly used with computers due to their

high operating temperatures, high power consumption, and fixed resolution.

Touchscreen

o Touchscreen computer monitors provide a new way of interacting with your

computer with a touch-sensitive screen. This allows users to interact directly withthe application on screen without need for a mouse or keyboard.

OLED

o OLED (Organic Light Emitting Display) computer monitors are much thinner and

brighter than LCD or Plasma screens. OLED monitors can also be placed ontransparent surfaces, such as glass, allowing the user to see through them whennot active.

KEYBOARD : -

There are simple keyboards that allow you to do no more than type words onto a monitor screen,similar to a typewriter.


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Standard Types

o Keyboards arrange the alphabet in two standard formations: QWERTY or

AZERTY. One look at the top left alphabetic row of your keyboard and you cansee the formation. Typists are familiar with these alphabet arrangements as all

basic typing courses cover the designs. If you only plan to typewrite documents,create spreadsheets, surf the Internet and create and send emails using yourcomputer keyboard, a standard keyboard will suffice. Popular standard keyboardsinclude 53 to 104-key PS/2, Hewlett Packard desktop, Logitech Labtec,Kensington, Dell Standard or Dell Quiet. Some keyboards come with acompatible mouse. There are also standard ergonomic keyboards which allow forincreased comfort.

Standard Features

o

Older standard keyboards come with alphabet and numeric keys. In additionstandard keyboards include Escape (Esc), Print Screen, Scroll-Lock, Pause-Break,Arrow and other functional keys. Functional keys allow you to tab, type in allcaps, insert, delete and perform countless other functions.

Newer standard keyboards also come with Internet short cut keys. These keysallow you to check your email with the click of a button, store your favorite websites and power on and off the Internet. Standard keyboards are also ready for usewith a USB port. You can also choose between a variety of colors when selectinga standard keyboard.

Standard Keyboard Benefits

o Standard keyboards do not require extensive technological knowledge to operate.

If you're familiar with a typewriter keyboard, you can quickly adjust to a standardcomputer keyboard. Cost of a standard keyboard is reasonable. Generally standardkeyboards cost between $10 and $30.

Multi-Functional Keyboards

o When it comes to multi-functional keyboards, the choices are many. There are

programmable keyboards with up to 130-keys, large print keyboards, multiplelanguage keyboards, cordless keyboards and compact keyboards. The video LCDpanel sits inside the center of the keyboard.

Multi-functional Attributes

o Multi-functional modular keyboards allow you to control two or more computers

with the punch of a button. Keyboards with a video system allow you to watch


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your favorite video while you type. Smartcard keyboards allow you to shop orconduct business online with an added sense of security. Smartcards limit accessto your banking accounts and other business and financial accounts by onlyallowing a user with your encrypted Smartcard to access those accounts. Multi-functional keyboards are also available in compact and slim sizes.

Multi-functional Advantages

o Multi-functional keyboards allow users to perform a variety of functions with the

punch of a button. They can allow for added security and if in compact or slimsize are easy to carry. It is important that a keyboard be compatible with yourcomputer's operating system. Additionally, keep in mind that whichever keyboardyou choose you can extend the life of your keyboard by regularly keeping it clean.Keyboard covers also help to keep debris off the keys which can extend the life ofyour keyboard.

MOUSE : -

Ball Type

o One of the first types of computer mouse was with a roller ball underneath it. Two

rollers inside the mouse were controlled by the ball to go left and right, and upand down. The one downside was the near-constant cleaning that needed to bedone.

Opticalo The optical mouse is one of two light-type mice that provides more accuracy with

the use of a mouse pad. The optical mouse shoots a beam of light that detects thesurface and will move the icon in the direction you move the mouse. Nonporoussurfaces work best with an optical mouse.

Laser

o The laser mouse shoots a rod of light that can use almost any surface to move the

arrow on screen.

Gaming

o Gaming mouses need to be extremely accurate and responsive. It's hard to find a

gaming mouse that uses the ball because optical and laser mouses have becomeextremely advanced for gamers. Resolution also is very important.


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Wireless

o Wireless mice can be optical or laser and operate the same way. A small piece

(dongle) plugs into an available USB port to communicate with the mouse. Themouse uses batteries. Most wireless mice can be used up to about 10 feet from the

dongle.

Speaker : -

There are a number of types of speakers that you can buy for your computer. Typically, they arerated by number, with the first number representing the amount of satellites associated and thesecond number (after the decimal) representing the amount of subwoofers.

Two-Speaker System

o A 2-speaker system is one of the most common types of speaker setups. It offersmoderate quality sound and doesn't take up any space.

2.1 Speaker

o The 2.1 speaker setup involves 2 satellite speakers and 1 subwoofer. This setup

offers a much fuller spectrum of sound while still saving space. This system isalso most appropriate for music.

5.1 Speaker

o 5.1 speaker setups consist of 5 satellite speakers and 1 subwoofer. These systems

are the most common surround sound setups in use today. Offering multi-channeloutput, surround sound systems are excellent for movies and video games, as theygive the viewer a more "engulfing" audio experience.

7.1 Speaker

o The 7.1 speaker system is one of the most complex systems, consisting of 7

satellite speakers and 1 subwoofer. These allow for some of the most precise

surround sound environments provided that the source media can output that levelof accuracy--otherwise the output will actually output 5.1 surround sound. Keepin mind that 7.1 systems will cost you: they start around $300.

Wireless


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o More recently, wireless speakers have allowed users to avoid the mess of wires

associated with surround sound speaker setups. While these are excellent formany users, they can often conflict with a home Wi-Fi network.

Documents

To Assemble a Pc the Following Are the Requirements