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*TM 9-1345-200

Technical ManualNo. Y-1345-200

LAND MINES

HEADQUARTERS,-DEPARTMENTOFTHEARMY

WASHINGTON 25, D. C. 8 June 1964

CHAPTER 1. GENERALSection I. INTRODUCTIONScope. ..........................................

Arrangemen t of text. ..................... ............Forms and reports. ............. .............. .......Errors and omissions. .............. .............. ....

II. General DiscussionLand mines .......................................Boobytraps .......................................Mine complete round ............... .............. ....Classification .....................................Identification .....................................Care, handling, and preservation .............. ...........Packing and marking for shipmen t ............ ............Transportation .....................................CHAPTER 2. ANTIPERSONNEL MINES

Section I. Service Antipersonnel Mines and FuzesGeneral .. .' ......................................Mine, antipersonnel, M2A4 with fuze, mine, combination , M6Al .....Fuze, mine, combination, M6Al ............. .............Mine, antipersonnel, M3 with fuze, mine, combination , M7Al .......Fuze, mine, combination, M7Al ............. .............Mine, antipersonnel, M16Al with fuze, mine, combination , M605. ....Fuze, mine, combination, M605 ............ ..............Mine, antipersonnel, M 18A 1 and accesssories .............. ...Mine, antipersonnel, Ml8 (T48) with carrying kit, M68 (T66)

or M69 (T67). .............. .............. ........Mine, antipersonnel, nonmetallic (NM), Ml4 with integral fuze ......

II. Practice Antipersonnel Mines and FuzesGeneral .........................................Mine, antipersonnel, M3 empty with fuze, mine, combination ,

M7A1, inert. ....... ............... .............. .Mine, antipersonnel, M2 (all mods) inert with fuze, mine,

combination, M2, M2Al or M6A1 inert ............ .........Mine, antipersonnel, M16Al in ert with fuze, mine, combination ,

M605 inert ......................................Mine, antipersonnel, practice, M8 and fuze, mine, combination,. .....Fuze, mine, combination, practice, Ml0 or MlOAl prac tice ........Mine, antipersonnel, NM, Ml7 (T34) with integral fuze ...........CHAPTER 3. ANTITANK MINES

Section I. Service Antitank Mines and FuzesGeneral .........................................Mine, antitank, HE, heavy, Ml5 with fuze, mine, AT M603 andactivator, Ml. .............. .............. ........Fuze, mine, antitank, M603. .............. ..............

Paragraph Page

5 46 87 88 119 1110 13

11 1512 15

13 1614 1815 2116 2117 2318 2419 2920 2921 4222 4523 4824 5025 5026 5127 5128 5429 55

30 5831 5932 63

*This manual supersedes TM g-1940, 17 May 1956, including Cl, 5 June 1957, C2, 7 October 1957, C4, 30 August1961, and C5, 24 April 1962; TB 9-1940-13, 18 June 1956; TB 9-1345-200/l, 13 July 1960; TB 41345-200/3, 29 Sep-tember 1960, including Cl, 1 8 June 1962; and TB g-1345-200/4, 2 October 1961, including C2, 5 August 1963; that por-tion of TB 3-300-2, 27 May 1959 which pertains to bursters for land mines, and so much of TB Cml 76, 2 September1960, and TM 3-300,14 August 1956, including C2, 5 May 1958. C3, 25 August 1959, and C5, 24 May 1962, as pertainsto land mines.1

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II.

CHAPTER 4.Section I.

II.

CHAPTER 5.

CHAPTER 6.

Mine, antitank, HE, heavy, M21 with fuze, mine, combination, M607 . .Mine, antitank, NM, Ml9 (T18) with fuze, mine, combination M606. ...Activator, antitank mine, Ml and M2 (T3El) ....... ; ...........Practice Antitank Mines and FuzesGeneral ........................................Heavy practice antitank mines. ..........................Light practice antitank mines ...........................Mine, antitank, NM, M19, inert with fuze, M606, inert. ...........Activator, antitank mine, practice, Ml. .....................INCENDIARY BURSTER AND CHEMICAL MINESIncendiary BursterGeneral .........................................Chemical MinesGeneral .........................................Mine, land, chemical, l-gallon. ..........................Mine, chemical agent, VX, M23 ..........................RELATED ITEMSGeneral .........................................Demolition materials .................................Pyrotechnics ......................................Antipersonnel mine clearing devices. ......................Antitank mine clearing devices ..........................DESTRUCTION OF LAND MINES TO PREVENT ENEMY USEGeneral .........................................Methods .........................................

5051APPENDIX I. REFERENCES. ..........................................II. COMPLETEROUNDDATA ..................................

III. INDEXOFFORMERNAMES ..................................

Paragraph

333435

Pag647184

36 8537 8738 9139 9640 96

41 9842 10043 10044 10245 10546 10547 10748 10749 109

116116118121123124NDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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CHAPTER 1GENERAL

Section I. INTRODUCTION

1. Scopea. This manual provides technical in-formation on the identification, care, hand-ling, and use of land mines in Federalsupply classification (FSC) 1345 and theircomponents. It also provides general tech-nical information on items from other FSCclasses which are used with these landmines.b. For information on doctrine and tech-nique for the tactical employment of landmines and related items, refer to FM20-32.c. This manual differs fromTM g-1940,May 1956, as follows: l(1) Adds information on:Mine, antipersonnel, M16A1, andfuze, mine, combination, M605Mine, antipersonnel, Ml8 (T48)w/carrying kit M68 (T66)Mine, antipersonnel, Ml8 (T48)w/carrying kit M69 (T67)Mine, antipersonnel, M18Al(T48E3), and accessoriesMine, antipersonnel, M3, inertMine, antitank, HE, NM, Ml9

PwMine, antitank, practice, M20(T38)Mine, antitank, heavy, HE, M21Fuze, mine, M606 (T1202E2)Fuze, mine, antitank, M607Burster, incendiary, M4Mine, land, chemical, HD, l-gal-lonMine, chemical agent, VX, M23(2) Changes the information on nomen-clature, marking, and packagingfor a number of items.(3) Deletes information on:(a) Fuze, mine, chemical AT, NM,M12, practice(b) Mine, antitank, HE, heavy, M6A2w/fuze, mine, M603

Mine, antitank, HE, light, M7 w/ofuzeMine, antitank, HE, light, M7A2w/fuze, mine, AT, M603Mine, antitank, practice, NM, M9w/ or w/o fuze, mine, AT, chem-ical, M12, practiceSo me FSC class 1370 items(demolition materials)Some FSC class 1375 items(pyrotechnics)2. A rrangement of Text

a. Chapter 1 outlines the manual andprovides general information on the typesof mines, complete rounds, explosivetrains, classification, identification, care,handling and preservation, storage, pack-ing and marking for shipment, and trans-portation.b. Chapter 2 contains physical descrip-tions, data, and technical instructions forthe use of antipersonnel mines and relativeitems,c. Chapter 3 contains physical descrip-tions, data, and technical instructions forthe use of antitank mines and relateditems.d. Chapter 4 contains physical descrip-tions, data, and technical instructions forthe use of chemical rnines and relateditems.e. Chapter 5 contains general technicalinformation on items from other FSCclasses which are used with land mines.L Chapter 6 contains instructions forthe destruction of land mines and compo-nents to prevent enemy use.g. Appendix I contains a list of refer-ences to be used in conjuction with thismanual.h. Appendix II contains complete rounddata on land mines.i. Appendix III contains a list of former

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item names with their current Federalitem name.3. Forms and Reports

a. Authorized Forms. The forms gen-erally applicable to units using or main-taining land mines and components arelisted in Appendix I. For a listing of allforms refer to DA Pam 310-2. For in-structions on the use of these forms, referto FM 9-6.b. Field Report of Accidents. Accidentsor malfunctions involving the use of am-munition which occur during training orcombat will be reported immediately tothe qualified ammunition representativeunder whose supervision the ammunitionfor the unit involved is maintained orissued. The report will be made by theofficer in charge or by the senior non-commissioned officer or enlisted man ofthe unit involved. All available pertinentfacts will be included in the report. It isthe duty of the qualified ammunition rep-resentative to investigate thoroughly allcases of malfunction or accident observedby him or reported to him and to reportall such cases as outlined in AR 700-1300-8.c. Fires. Fires or explosions followedby fire involving loss of life or damage toproperty in excess of fifty dollars will bereported in accordance with AR 385-40.Fires involving in-use vehicles are ex-empt from this requirement.d. Report of Hazardous Conditions In-volving Military Eqlosives or Ammuni-tion. Report actual or potentially hazard-ous concentrations of ammunition orexplosives and hazardous conditions whichappear inadequately covered by existingregulations to U.S. Army Materiel Com-mand for review by Armed Services Ex-plosive Safety Board. See AR 385-60 forfurther instructions.4. E rrors and Omissions

Any errors in, or omissions from thismanual will be reported on DA Form2028and forwarded direct to the CommandingOfficer, Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, NewJersey, ATTN: SMUPA-DC5.

5. Land Minesa. General. Land mines (fig. 1) are explosive items .which may be planted in thpath of the enemy to hinder his movemenor to deny him access to certainterritory.The mines are generally concealed andso

rigged that they will be initiated by thenemys presence or contact (fig. 2) except in instances where the mines may binitiated by remote control, Mines maproduce casualties by direct explosiveforce, fragmentation, shaped-charge effect, or by release of harassing agents olethal gas. A detailed discussion of tacticalemployment of land mines may be foundinFM 3-5, FM 20-32, and FM 31-10.b. Description. Since land mines havvarious uses, they come in a variety otypes, sizes, and shapes and may alsdiffer in material, quantity or type of explosive charge, incendiary or chemicacontent, or fuze type. Some mines arboobytrapped to discourage neutralization;others have built-inmortars whichprojectthem into the air for wider fragment distribution. Directional fragmentation-typemines are aimed by sighting mechanismsand some mines are aimed by remotelycontrolled firing devices. Except for chemical mines, which have no explosivecharge, most mines are fuzed to detonatnear the target.(1) Body. The bodies, some of whichave actuator or secondary fuzwells, usually serve as a fuzholder and explosive charge container. Depending upon the degreof nondetectability or fragmenta-tion desired, cast or sheet metaor plastics are used in body construction. For identification, theare marked and painted as dscribed in paragraph 9.

(2) Explosive charge. The major component of the nonchemical mine the explosive charge, which provides the energy necessary for thmine to accomplish its missionThis energy may come in direccontact with the target, or may used to propel a fragmentated projectile or a single, solidmetal slu

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-

LIGHT

HEAVY

NObi. METALLIC

ANTI-TANK

.

BOUNDING TYPE

BLAST TYPEFRAGMENTATION TYPE

ANTI-PERSONNEL

CHEMICAL

Figure 1. Representative types of land mines.

ORD D749

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Figure 2 . lnitiating actions on antipersonneland antitank Tines.

by means of a shaped charge. Anti-vehicular mine s usually dependupon direct contact, but a shapedcharge aimed at the sides or bellyof a tank or wheel of a vehicle issometimes used. The type of ex-plosive used for the main charge -tetryl, TNT, H6, Comp B, CompC4, or the like - is selected on thebasis o f highest detonation con-sistant with ease of loading, com-patibility, logistics, etc.(3) I+zes. The mechanical or electro-mechanical land mine fuze isusually activated by direct pres-sure from the target, suchas beingrunover or stepped upon, or bypressure exerted upon a trip-wireor tilt-rod. Fuzes contain safetyelements to inhibit accidental fir-ing, and most mines are issuedfitzed; however, special-purposefuzes may be used with the demo-lition materials described in chap-ter 4.c. Types.(1) Antipersonnel (APERS) mines. An-tipersonnel mine s (fig. 1) aredesigned for use against enemy

LOCKING SAFETY PIN PRESSURE

RUBBER GASKET PoslTtvF SAFETY PINRELEASE-PIN RING

SAFETY PINS ON ANTIPERSONNEL MINE FUZESAFETY FORK

I /SECTION OF PRESSURE PLATEFUZE BODY OF FUZESAFETY FORK ON ANTITANK MINE F UZE ORD D752

Figure 3. Safety devices on antipersonneland antitank mine fuzes.

personnel. The two basic types ofantipersonnel mines are:(a) Fragmentation. This type minedepends on its ability to cover afair 1 y wide area with high-velocity fragments. The effectiverange of fragmentation mines ismuch greater than that of theblast type. There are three basicfragmentation-type mines.1. Boundi@. This type mine isplaced beneath the surface ofthe ground. When the mine ex-plodes, a fragmentationprojec-tile is expelled from the minebody. The ascending projectileexplodes at a height of approxi-mately 2 meters above theground, causing fragments to bepropelled laterally in all direc-tions.2. Fined nondirectional. This type

mine is placed on, or just be-neath, the surface of the ground.When the mine explodes, frag-ments are propelled upward andoutward in all directions.3. Fixed directional. T hi s typemine is placed on the groundor attached to an obstacle, sucha:6

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a tree, pole, etc., and at theexpected path of the enemy.When the mine explodes, frag-ments are propelled outward ina fanshaped pattern (60 degreearc) above the ground. This typemine may be initiated by theapproaching enemy or a remotecontrol device.(b) Blast. This type mine (fig. 1)depends for its effect on directforce developed by its explosion.The mine functions without delaywhile still in contact with theenemy who has initiated it.(2) Antitankmines. Antitank mines areused to immobilize or destroyenemy tanks or other vehicles.Blast type mines are generallyemployed in minefields and areusually laid on, or slightly below,the surface of the ground. Theyconsist of a charge of high explo-sive, usually 3 to.22 pounds in cur-rent standard mines, in a metallicor nonmetallic casing fitted with aprimary fuze, with provisions forattachment of one or two secondaryfuzes. Ordinarily, antitank minesrequire a pressure of 300 to 400pounds for actuation, but they canbe exploded by being stepped on byrunning troops. One of the newertype antitank mines (par. 33) de-rives its effectiveness to immo-bilize or destroy enemy tanks fromits ability to project a mass of steelupward at a high velocity. The twogeneral classes of antitank minesare heavy and light.(3) Chemical mines. These mines aredesigned to disperse chemicalagents from fixed locations, and toprovide area contamination in bar-rier and nuisance minefields. Thechemical agent may be in liquidorvapor form. The chemical minemay be used in anti-tank mine-fields or elesewhere as an anti-personnel mine. Composite mine-fields containing chemical landmines and HE antipersonnel anti-tank mines are particularly effec-

tive. The presence of HE minesreduces traversal speed, therebyforcing greater exposure to chem-ical kontaminates. The presence ofchemical mines slows breachingoperations as it discourages rapidmine-clearing techniques. Chem-ical land mines may be initiated byaction of the enemy or by remotecontrol, Chemical mines areshipped empty, with the exceptionof the chemical mine M23. Referto TM 3-255 for filling instructionsand refer to FM 3-5, FM 20-32and FM 31-10 for tactical employ-ment of chemical land mines, Allchemical mines depend on blasteffect for dispersing the chemicalagent. The weather, type terrain,and soil affect the period of timefor which these chemical agentsare effective. There are two rep-rsentative types of chemicalmines, persistent and nonpersis-tent.(a) Persistent chemical mines arethose whose agents remain ineffect, at point o f release, for 10minutes or more.(b) Nonpersistent chemical minesare those remaining in effect forless than 10 minutes.(4) Improvised mines. An improvisedmine is one which is made of anyavailable m ate r i a 1. Improvisedmines are used when standardmines are not available or are in-capable of producing the desiredresults.Warning: In view of the nature ofimprovised mines, appropriateprecautions should be observedin laying, markings reporting,and breaching of minefields.(5) Phony mines. Phony mines, as thename implies, are not real mines.They usually consist of scrap ma-terial or some disturbed earthimprovised in the field to simulatean actual mine emplacement. Phonyminefields may be used to supple-ment a live minefield. They arelaid principally to deceive, delay,7

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and confuse the enemy. Phonymines should not be confused withinert issue mines, which are usedfor training in handling live issuemines. For information on em-ployment of phony mines, refer toFM 20-32.(6) Practice and training mines. Prac-tice mines are of the same size,weight, and shape as service minesbut contain a small smoke puff andnoise charge consisting of blackpowder or pyrotechnic compositioninstead of a high explosive. Inertmines, which are usually the metalor plastic parts of service mines,either empty or filled with inertmaterials such as sand, are pro-vided for training in handling. Inertmines contain no explosives orpyrotechnic mixtures.

6. BoobytrapsA boobytrap is an explosive charge whichis exploded when an unsuspecting persondisturbs an apparently harmless object, orperforms a presumably safe act. Abooby-trapped mine is any mine having a supple-mentary fuze or separate charge so ar-ranged that it will detonate the mine whenthe mine is disturbed, even though themain fuze has been removed. Most anti-tank mines have one or more secondaryfuze wells but current antipersonnel minesdo not. These wells are of two types: thoseadapted to receive firing devices with abase coupling and those adapted to receivean activator. (An activator is an explosiveitem which is essentially a detonator-booster acting as an adapter between thefiring device and the mine, through thesecondary fuze well.) Those mines whichdo not contain secondary fuze wells maybe boobytrapped by connecting a firing

device to the mine so as to explode aseparate charge when the mine is dis-turbed. There are three types of booby-trapping devices - antilift, antipull, andantitilt- which are activated by firingdevices or by an improvised electricalcircuit. connected to electrical blastingcaps. Boobytraps may also be improvised

from a nonelectrical blasting cap and ex-plosive material such as demolition blocksor coils of detonating cord. Severalmeth-ods of boobytrapping mines are shown infigures 4 and 5. For further informationon booby-trapping, see FM 5-31.7. Mine Complete Round

a. Definition. A mine complete roundconsists of all explosive and non-explosivecomponents of a mine necessary for it tofunction. A complete round may be issuedwith all components in the same packingcontainer or with components shippedseparately for assembly in the field. Atable of complete round data may be foundin appendix II.b. EqHosive Train. An explosive trainis a sequence of explosive elements be-ginning with a small amount of highlysensitive explosive, followed by otherelements of progressively larger amountsand lesser sensitivity, until the large,relatively insensitive main charge isreached. This ratio of sensitivity toquan-tity is maintained in the interest of greatersafety. To insure that the full potentialityof the main high-explosive charge isrealized, a specific sequence must befol-lowed from the triggering of the fuze tothe detonation of the main charge. At min-imum, a primer, a detonator having atleast two explosives, abooster, andamaincharge are required. At times, however,the train becomes more complicated andother elements are needed. The boundingtype mine (fig. 6) is a good example. Theexplosive trains for antipersonnel andantitank mines are described in (1) and(2) below.(1) Antipersonnel mines. The explo-sive trains in the bounding typeantipersonnel mine are shown infigure 6* This type mine has two

explosive trains: propelling chargeexplosive train and high explosivetrain. Operation of the propellingcharge explosive train causes ejec-tion of the fragmentation shell orbody from the outer case. Whenthe shell or body reaches a pre-determine height from the surface8

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-

Figure 4. Boobytrapped antipersonnel mine.

of the ground, the high explosivetram detonates, causing fragmentsof the shell or body to be dispersedin a circular pattern, The two ex-plosive trains mentioned above aredescribed as follows:(a) Propelling charge explosivetrain. The components of thepropelling charge explosive trainare shown in figure 6. This ex-plosive train functions as de-scribed in 2 through 5 below.1. Percussion primer. The fuzefiring pin strikes the percus-sion primer and initiates thepriming composition which isvery sensitive and capable ofbeing initiated by mechanicalshock. The percussion primeremits a small, intense spit offlame downward.2. Belay charge. The flame fromthe percussion primer ignitesthe delay charge which burns fora predetermined period.

3.4.

5.

Belay charge. The delay chargignites the relay charge whicactivates the igniter charge.Igniter charge. The relaycharge ignites the igniter chargewhich burns with sufficient intensity to set off the propellingcharge.Propelling charge. The propel-ling charge throws the highexplosive-filled shell or bod

Figure 5. Boobytrapped antitank m ine.

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PROPELLINGCHARGEEXPLOSIVETRAIN

1. PE

5. P

5. i FRAGMENTATION--IHARGE(BURSTINGCHARGE /-4. BOOSTER CHARGE

3 DETONATOR

2. PRIMER MIXTURE

1. DELAY CHARGE

Figure 6. Explosive trains in bounding type antipersonnel mine.

HIGH-EXPLOSIVETRAIN

ORD u753

into the air and also initiatesthe delay charge of the high-explosive train.(b) High-eqdosive train. The com-ponents of the high-explosivetrain are shown in figure 6. Thisexplosive train functions as de-scribed in 1 through 5 below.1. DeIsy charge. The propellingcharge ignites the delay chargeas it propels the high-explosiveprojectile from the mine case.The delay charge burns, delay-ing detonation of the highexplo-

sive until the projectile attainssufficient height to produce aeffective fragmentation patternupon detonation.2. Primer mixture. After the timelag has elapsed, the delay chargesets off the primer mixture.3. Detonator charge. The f 1 ashfrom the primer mixture setoff the detonator charge.4. Booster charge. The detona-tion wave from the detonatorcharge sets off the boostercharge. The booster chargere-

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inforces and strengthens thedetonation wave, thus assuringdetonation of the main charge,5. Fragm en fa tion (bursting)charge. The detonation wavefrom the booster charge sets offthe fragmentation charge, whichruptures the projectile case andprojects the fragments in alldirections at high velocity.(2) Antitank mines. The e xp 1o s i v etrains in a typical antitank mineare shown in figure 7. All antitankmines have a main or primaryex-plosive train which is initiated byaction of the weight of the vehicleon the fuze. This explosive train isessentially the same as the high-explosive train described in (b)above except that a delay charge is

not always included and the primermixture is set off directly by themechanical actidn of the fuze. De-lay elements, however, may beadded to give the tank time to movewell over the mine before the ex-plosiion takes place (fig. 45). Themine may also have one or moresecondary explosive trains whichare substantially the same as theprimary explosive train, differingprincipally in the mechanical ar-rangement of the assembled fuzes.The secondary explosive trains areusually part of the boobytrappinginstallations (par. 6).

8. Classificationa. Land mines are classified, accordingto their use, as antipersonnel and anti-tank. Under very limited conditions, anantitank Kline might be used for antiper-sonnel purposes, but if so used it wouldbevery inefficient. Antipersonnel mines areineffective against tanks. Antitank minescould be used under special conditions for

improvised demolition purposes, and somedemolition explosives could be used asimprovised mines.b. Land mines are classified accordingto purpose as serviceff or practice, andaccording to filler as high-explosive orinert. In the case of service antitank

SIDE SECONDARY FUZE WELL (MAY ALSO HAVESECONDARY HIGH EXPLOSIVE TRAIN OR MAY BE PLUGGEli

ORD D154

Figure 7. Explosive trains in antitank mine.

mines, the designation HE appears in thenomenclature. In the case of practicemines, the word practice appears innomenclature. In the case of inert mines,which are used for training in handling,the word inert or empty appears inthe nomenclature.9. Identification

a. General. Land mines are identified bystandard nomenclature, lot number, model,painting, marking, and ammunition iden-tification code symbol, Such means ofidentification are used on all packingcon-tainers and, unless the item is too small,on the item itself.b. Standard Nomenclature. Standard no-menclature is established so that eachitem may be identified specifically byname. The standard nomenclature for am-munition and explosive items consists ofan item name and a colon (:) followed bysufficient additional information about theitem of supply to differentiate betweenitems having the same item name. An ex-ample of complete nomenclature for a mineis: MINE, ANTITANK: HE, heavy, M15,and fuze, mine., AT, M603 and activator,Ml.c. Ammunition Lot Number. When am-munition is manufactured, an ammunitionlot number, which becomes an essentialpart of the marking, is assigned in ac-cordance with pertinent specifications,The lot number for mines consists of the

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loaders initials or symbols, and the lotnumber. This lot number is stamped ormarked on every mine and on all packingcontainers. It is required for all purposesof record, including reports on condition,functioning, or accidents, in which theammunition may be involved. In any onelot of ammunition, the components usedinthe assembly are manufactured under asnearly identical conditions as practicable.d. Model. To ident if y a particulardesign, a model designation is assignedatthe time the item is classified as an adoptedtype. This model designation becomes anessential part of the standard nomencla-ture and is included in the marking on theitem. The present method of model desig-nation consists of the letter M followed byan Arabic numeral. Modifications are in-dicated by adding the letter A and appro-priate Arabic numerals. Thus, M6Alindicated the first modification of an itemfor which the original model designationwas M6. Modifications *which are func-tionally identical with the original modelbut which have manufacturing differencesmay be designated by the letter B and anArabic numeral. When a particular designhas been accepted for a limited procure-ment and service test, only the modeldesignation is indicated by the letter T orXM and an Arabic numeral, and modifica-tions by the addition of E and an Arabicnumeral. In such cases, if the design sub-sequently should be standardized, the Mdesignation is assigned; hence there maybe encountered some lots still carryingthe original T designation (not yet re-marked to show the later standardized Mdesignation). There is no direct relation-ship between the numerical designationsof a T item and that of the item whenstandardized and assigned an M designa-

Table IA. Color Coding Sg

tion. Items of Navy design are designatedMK (abbreviation for Mark) instead ofM, and Navy modifications are designatedMod and appropriate Arabic numeralinstead of A and appropriate Arabic nu-meral.e. Painting and Marking.(1) Painting. Ammunition is paintedto retard rusting of exposed metalparts, to aid in identification oftype, and to indicate type of filler,such as high or low explosive, or

tOXiC.(a) HE mines and related items arepainted olive drab with yellowmarkings. Some items may alsohave yellow stripes or bands, orhave their closing plugs paintedyellow.(b) Practice mines are painted blueand marked in white. Under %ewV7system, practice mines contain-ing low .explosives are tancolor - blue, white and brown.(c) Inert mines are painted black(old) or blue (new) with markings,including the word INERT, inwhite. The M2 and M3 series either have a l/4-inch hole oneach side or have the filler capomitted, thus providing an 1-3/4-inch hole on one side.(d) There are two systems of color-coding for chemical ammunition.That of older manufacture is inaccordance with the Pi ve-Ele-merit Marking System and that ofmore recent manufacture withthe Standard Ammunition Color-Coding System. Table IA com-pares the two systems.

Note. All c h e m i c a 1 ammunition has abackground color of gray.

(sterns for Chemical AmmunitionType of ammunition Five-element marking system

Persistant casualty chemical Gray, green markings, and two green Gray, green markings, two 1/2-agents. bands or stripes. inch green bands or stripes.Nerve agmtg -----_-___________ Gray, green markings and either two Gray, green markings, * threeor three green bands or stripes. l/2-inch green bands.Incendiary burster ------- ------ Olive drab and 1 yellow band-------- Light red, marking in black and1 yellow band.

Standard ammunition*color-coding system

*Under Standard Ammunition Color-coding System only, chemical ammunition containing high explosive has one I/,-inch yellowband in addition to other markings.

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Caution; Ammunition which has beencolor-coded and marked according to theolder system (TM 9-1900 and TM 3-300)will be-on hand for several years. There-fore, special care should be taken to as-sure that all ammunition, whether color-coded according to the older or the newersystem, is properly and fully identified.f, D& Card. An ammunition data cardprepared in accordance with pertinentspecifications for each lot of ammunition.Copies are forwarded with each shipmentof ammunition. In addition to the ammuni-tion lot number, the data card gives the lotnumbers of the components and otherpertinent information concerning the am-munition.g. Federal Stock Number and Depart-ment af Defens e Ammunifion Code. T heFederal stock number (FSN) replaces theAmmunition Identification Code (AIC) andthe Ordnance Stock Number (OSN). An FSNis assigned to each end item of ammuni-tion as packaged, and, *unless there is adifference in packaging or packing, notwo items bear the same FSN, nor is morethan one FSN assigned to the same item.The Department of Defense IdentificationCode (DODIC) is used in requirementstudies, worldwide reporting of stocks,and to denote interchangeability betweenitems within FSC group 13. The FSN andDODIC are used in conjuction (i.e., 1345-096-3155 (C605) ) as means of positiveidentification in requisitioning. The FSNconsists of a 4-digit FSC class code num-ber plus a 7-digit Federalitemidentifica-tion number (FHN). For example, in FSN1345-096-3155 the 1305 is the FederalSupply Classification (FSC) class code andthe 1V-O96-31557f is the FIIN. The classcode indicates the commodity group (13)and the class (45) to which the item be-longs, The FIIN is a group of nonsignificantdigits used to provide positive identifica-tion to the item (a given FIIN is assignedto one FSN only, and is never duplicatedor reused). The DODIC, composed o f aletter and three digits, denotes inter-changeability between like items of am-munition or explosive supply within group13. This cd is used in two ways: as aparenthetical suf%x to +i FSN, such as

1345-096-3155 (C605),+ or as a hyphen-ated suffix to a FSC classification code suchas 1345-C605, In the second form it iknown as a *!DOD Ammunition Code. Wherequisitioning ammunition, the using uniwill normally use the DOD ammunitioncode. However, if a particular item, model,or pack is desired, requisition by FSN anDODIC is authorized, but justification fosuch requests must be shownonthe requi-sition. FSNs suffixed with ide nti c aDQDICs are functionally interchangeableand are considered as suitable substitutesfor one another for supply purposes.10. Care, Handling, and Preservation of Mine

Wmi@: Mines must be handled witcare at all times. The explosive elementin fuses, primers, detonators, and boosters are particularly sensitive to mechanical shock, friction, static electricity, anhigh temperature. Boxes of crates contain-ing mines should not he dropped, dragged,tumbled, walked on the corners, or struckas in lining up a stack. The boxes shoulbe electrically grounded whenever practicable and protected from high temperature.a. General.(1) Mines are packed to withstand conditions ordinarily encountered ithe field. Items that are not water-proofed are packed in moisture-resistant containers. Care must btaken to keep containers andpack-ing boxes from becomming brokenor damaged. All broken containersand packing boxes must be repairedimmediately and careful attentiongiven to the transfer of all mark-ings to the new parts. Such containers should not be opened untithe mines are about to be used oprepared for use. Items unpacked

but not used should be repackedand the containers sealed. Sucitems should be used first in subsequent operations in order thastocks of opened containers anpacking boxes may be kept to minimum. When the ammunitionpacking box contains a metal liner,

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the liner should be sealed andair-tested at 3 to 5 pounds per squareinch, if equipment is available.(2) When it is necessary to leave minesin the open, raise them, on dunnage,at least 6 inches from the groundand cover them with a double thick-ness of paulin (tarpaulin), leavingenough space for the circulationofair. Drainage trenches should bedug around the stacks to preventwater from running under the pile.(3) Mines and components in theirpackings should be protectedagainst moisture.(4) Boxes should not be opened in amagazine or at an ammunitiondump, nor should they be openedwithin 100 feet of any store of ex-plosive. Safety tools, if available,should be used in unpacking andrepacking operations. Safety toolsare those made of copper, wood, orother material incapable of pro-ducing sparks whek struck.(5) No attempt will be made to fuze amine closer than 100feetto amag-azine or other such stores of ex-plosives or ammunition.(6) No disassembly of mines or com-ponents thereof will be permittedexcept as specifically authorizedby the Army Materiel Command.

(7) Safely pins, safety forks (clips),and other safety devices are de-signed to prevent accidental initia-tion of the mine while being handled.They should be left in place untilthe last possible moment beforearming a r-nine, which should bedone as prescribed in armingpro-cedures for the particular item.Be fore removing (picking up)mines, safety devices should bereplaced, that is, the mines shouldbe properly disarmed.(8) Make certain that firing devicewells, cap wells, activator wells,and fuze cav ities are clear of ob-struction and free of foreign mat-ter before attempting to install thefuze or detonator.(9) Mines will usually function satis-

factorily at temperatures of -40 F.to 160 F. Most mines are notappreciably affected by tempera-ture changes.Caufion: If the temperature fluc-tuates around freezing, steps mustbe lx&en to prevent moisture orwater f?om accumulating aroundthemineandsubseqrrsntlyfreezing.The mine may become neutralizedby fhe formation of ice, See FM20-32 for information on layingmines in winter weather.(10) Mines may be reused (taken upand relaid) any number of timesprovided that proper proceduresas explained in this manual andin FM 20-32 are observed and thatno components show evidence ofdamage or deterioration.

b. Field Storage and Preservation. Thefollowing conditions govern field storageof mines, fuzes, and detonators.(1) Mines are usually stored in iso-lated buildings or abandoned pillboxes which have been designatedfor this purpose. When speciallyconstructed magazines are not available, buildings used should af-ford good protection against mois-ture and dampness, have adequateventilation, and be on well-drainedground. They must not be heatedwith open fires or stoves.(2) Mines that must be stored in theopen are stacked in small piles andprotected from dampness andweather with tar paper and paulins.

(3) Boxes, cases, and other mine con-tainers must be cleananddrywhenstored. Before storing, damagedcontainers should be repaired orreplaced, but not within 100 feetofmagazines.(4) No oily rags, paint, turpentine, orother flammable material are to beleft in a magazine.(5) Mines should be piled by type insmall piles so arranged that indi-vidual containers are accessiblefor inspection and air can circulatefreely. The tops of piles should bebelow the level of the eaves to avoid14

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the heated space directly below theroof. The bottom of the piles shouldbe raised off the floor or groundatleast 2 inches. Stacks must not beso high that containers or mineson the bottom will be crushed.(6) Individual magazines, or stacks ofmines stored in the open, should beseparated by distances adequate toprevent propagation of an explosionfrom one to another. Refer to TMg-1300-206 (TM g-1903) for suchdistances.(7) Magazines or storage areas mustbe kept free of dry leaves, grass,trash, emptyboxes, scrap, lumber,and similar flammable material.A 50-foot firebreak should sur-round each magazine.(8) Smoking, carrying matches, orusing lights other than approvedelectric lights is forbidden in mag-azines or mine-storage areas.(9) Store mines in accordance withprescribed procedures.(10) Captured enemy mines and ex-plosives should be storedindumpsat least a quarter of a mile fromthe nearest dump of friendly am-munition. Mixed storage of enemy

and friendly ammunition is notpermitted. For further storageprecautions, see TM g-1300-206(TM 9-l-903).11. Packing and Marking for Shipment

a. Packing data for land mines and theircomponents are given in SM 9-5-1345(Conventional) or SM 3-1-1345 (Chemical).b. In addition to nomenclature and lotnumber, packages offered for shipment aremarked with the Interstate CommerceCommission shipping name of classifica-tion of the article, the names and addressesof consignor and consignee, volume, andweight, and the Department of Defenseidentification code which replace the am-munition identification code symbol form-erly used.12. Transportation

Transportation of explosives by rail ortruck in the United States is regulated byInterstate Commerce Commission Reg-ulations for Transportation of Explosivesand Other Dangerous Articles by Freight,published by the Bureau of Explosives, 30Vesey Street, New York, N.Y. Refer alsoto AR 55-155 and AR 55-228.

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CHAPTER 2ANTIPERSONNEL MINES-.

Section I. SERVICE ANTIPERSONNEL MINES AND FUZES13. General

a. Uses. Antipersonnel (APERS) serv-ice mines are used primarily as a hazardto restrict or delay movement of enemyfoot troops by denying them access tocertain areas. For this reason the numberof casualties caused by these mines is ofs e c on d a r y importance. Antipersonnelmines are usually set off by enemy action(fig. 2), but some are so rigged that theymay be initiated by a friendly observerwhen enemy troops move within range.Antipersonnel mines are not effectiveagainst armored vehicles; however, light,thin-skinned vehicles, such as trucks andjeeps, may be damaged or their occupantsinjured by a near by detonation. Specialcare must be taken in camouflaging anti-personnel mines because foot troops moveslower and can therefore more readily de-tect poorly concealed installations. Moredetailed information on uses and tacticalemployment of the antipersonnel minesmay be found in FM 20-32.

b. Mines, Representative types of anti-personnel mines are shown in figure 1.There are two g e ne r a 1 types of landmines - fragmentation f and blast ef-fect. Fragmentation mines depend for

their effect upon high-velocity projectionof fragments of the metal case, Blast typemines depend for their effect upon theshock of the explosion. For a more detailedgeneral discussion of the types of antiper-sonnel mines, see paragraph 5c.c. Fuzes. Functioning of antipersonnelmines is initiated by various types of fuzes.The fuze serves to transform mechanicalaction, such as pressure on the fuze or pullon the trip cord, into an explosive forcewhich detonates the high-explosive chargeor into a burning action which ignites thepropelling charge of a bounding-type anti-personnel mine. A fuze whichprovides ex-plosive force is called a detonatingj fuze;which provides burning action is called anigniti@ fbze.ote. Detonating fuzes and i gn i tin g fuzes arefunctionally different and therefore are not inter-changeable.The initiating action for an APERS fuzeis normally either pressure directly onthe fuze or a pull on a trip wire attached

to the fuze (fig. 2).d. D&L Tabulated data on antipersonnelmines and fuzes may be found in table I.Additional data may be found in paragraphs14 and 22.Table I. Service Antipersonnel Mines and Fuzes

Swvice ~tiDCtllK%lIl~ MinerWeight 88 Shipping case dimensions (in.)Nomenclature Packing description shipped r(lb.) Length Width Height

MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: Packed 1 mine w/l spool of four 26- 93.4 32 13-l/4 9-l/2M2 and fuze, mine, combina- ft length of steel wire/ctn, 10 ctntion M6Al. (10 mine w/accessories)/wdn bx.MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: Packed 1 mine w/l spool of four 26- 93.4 32 13-l/4 9-l/2M2A1, and fuze, mine, com- ft length of steel wire/ctn, 10 ctnbination M6Al. (10 mine w/accessories)/wdn bx.MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: Packed 1 mine w/l spool of four 26- 76.6 22-3/4 10-l/4 9-s/8M2A3 and fuze, mine, com- ft length of steel wire/ctn, 10 ctnbination M6Al. (10 mine w/accessories)/wdn bx.MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: Packed 1 mine w/l spool of four 26- 45.3 15 10-l/4 9-3/a M2A4 and fuze, mine, com- ft length of steel wire/ctn, 6 ctnbination M6Al. (6 mine w/accessories)/wdn bx.

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Table I. Service Antipersonnel Mines and Fuzes-ContinuedService Antipersonnel Mines-Continued-

Nomenclature Packing description Meight aa Shipping case dimensions (in.)shipped(lb.) Length WidthLO-l/4

Height9-3/8

w-----9-l/2

Packed 1 mine w/l spool of four 26-ft length of steel wire/&n, 10 ctn(10 mine w/accessories)/wdn bx.Packed 4 mine w/4 fuze and 4 spoolof steel wire/wdn bx.Packed 6 mine w/6 fuze and 6 spoolof steel wire/wdn bx.

MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL:M3 and fuze, mine, combina-tion M7Al. 75.6 I17-7/8

MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: Packed 4 mine w/4 fuze M605 /mtlMl6 and fuze, mine, com- cntr and 4 spool trip wire & 1bination M605. wrench M25/wdn bx.44.8 1 15-5/8 10-l/8 8-l/2

MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: Packed 4 mine w/4 fuze M605/mtlM16Al andfuze, mine, com- cntr and 4 spool trip wire and 1bination M605. wrench M25/wdn bx.44.8 15-5/8 10-l/8 8-l/2

10-l/8 9-3/8INE, ANTIPERSONNEL:Ml8 (T48) w/carrying kit M-68 w/sights. =-I-=acked l/kit, 6 kit/wtrprf wrppdctn, 1 ctn (6 mine)/wdn bx.MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL:Ml8 (T48) w/carrying kit M-68 (T66).

Packed 1 mine w/l blasting cap and1 battery holder assy in carryingkit M68, 6 kit (6 mine)/tbrbd ctn,1 ctn/wdn bx.

41.0 23-3/4 10-l/8 9-3/8

45 14-l/8-T-acked 5 mine w/5 electric blast-ing cap and 5 spool wire/carry-ing kit M 69 (T67), 2 kit (10 mine)/wdn bx. 11-l/2----me17-l/4

17-l/4

15-l/2

----me8-3/4

8-3/4

MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: lMl8 (T48) w/carrying kit M-69 (T67).MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL: Packed 1 mine w/accessories in M7M18Al w/accessories. band 16 mine and 6 band)/wdn bx.MINE, ANTIPERSONNEL:NM, Ml4 w/integral fuze. Packed 90 mine/ctn (w/90 detona-tor M46 in set-up-box) and 6wrench M22/wdn bx.Packed 90 mine/ctn (w/90 detona-tor M46 in set-up-box) and 9wrench M22 wdn bx.

-we ---*--

4=44.1 1 g-3/4

Service Antipersonnel Mine Fuzes

45.70 1 g-3/4-I- .dreight asshipped(lb.132.332.856.056.030.133.033.056.056.0

Shipping case dimensions (in.)Length Width Height22-3/4 10-l/4 9-l/232-5/8 lo-3/8 9-3/832 13-l/4 9-l/232 13-l/4 9-l/2

10-l/4 9-l/2lo-3/8 9-3/8lo-3/8 g-3/413-l/4 9-l/213-l/4 9-l/2

22-3/422-5/822-5/83232

Nomenclature Packing descriptionFUZE, MINE: combination Packed 3/ctn, 16 ctn (48 fuze)/wdnM6Al. bx.Packed 3/crdbd ctn, 4 ctn/strprfpkg, 4 pkg (48 fuze)/wdn bx.Packed 3/ctn, 30 ctn (90 fuze)/wdnlx.Packed 3/ctn, 2 ctn/wtrprf pkg, 15pkg (90 fuze)/wdn bx.

Packed 3/&n, 16 ctn (48 fuzes)/wdn bx.Packed c/crdbd ctn, 4 ctn/wtrprfpkg, 4 pkg (48 fuze)/wdn bx.Packed 3/ctn, 2 ctn/wtrprf pkg, 8pkg (48 fuzes)/wdn bx.Packed 3/ctn, 30 ctn (90 fuze)/wdnbx.Packed B/ctn, 2 ctn/strprf pkg, 15pkg (90 fuze)/w& bx.

FUZE, MINE: combinationM7Al.

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14. Mine, Antipersonnel, M2A4 with Fuze,Mine, Combination , M6Al (fig. 8)a. General. The antipersonnel mineM2A4 is of the bounding type. To obtaina more effective fragmentationpattern, themain charge (bursting charge, contained ina heavy steel tube) is projected several

feet into the air by apropelling charge be-fore it is exploded. If the main charge wereexploded in the ground most of the frag-ments would be imbedded in the earth andthe effective fragments would be few innumber and the effective radius verysmall.%

h IPRESSURE 1

$ TPIN RINGLOCKING SAFETY PIN

g ACOUPLING u.i

I IIII! BURSTINGCHARGE_ . BOOSTER

Figure 8. Mine, antipersonnel, M2A4 with fuze,mine, combination, M6Ai.

b. Description. This m ine consists of acombination mine fuze M6Al (par. 15), apropelling charge and a projectile all con-tained in a steel case as shown in figure8. The fuze is screwed into the tubeattached to the base of the mine case. This

base also contains the propelling charge,The projectile, which is a modified60 -mm mortar shell, is contained in the projector tuba-attached to the base. Whenthe mine is triggered, the projectile actsas a mortar. Detailed data on this mine andfuze are listed in (1) and (2) below. Severalearlier models of the M2 series are avail-able, as shown in table I. Except for minorimprovements in design, the M2A 4 is iden-tical to earlier versions of the M2. Theinformation in c through h below applies toall models of the M2 series.(1) Mine.Model number - M2A4.Type -bounding, fragmentation.Weight, loaded and fuze-5.01pounds.Dimensions -height, fuzed, 9-5/8inches; diameter plus portion of

base for fuze, 3-3/4 inches.Material - steel.Fuze well -capped (hex cap) asshipped; located in the tube ex-tending upward from base.Relay - consists of delay andigni-ter charges -located in baseplug of projectile.Detonator - consists of primaryand secondary detonating char-ges -located adjacent to relay inbase plug of projectile.Booster (tetryl) - located adjacentto detonator in base plug of pro-jectile,Weight of explosive charge (TNT)- 0.34 pound.Weight of expelling charge (blackpowder) - 40 grains, located inbase of mine near opening tode-lay charge in base plug of pro-jectile.Painting-body, olive drab; base,yellow.Marking - nomenclature of mine,month and year loaded, and lotnumber (including loaders ini-tials and symbol) - all in black.Shipping cap - hexagonal shippingcap is on coupling base which isin fuze well as shipped. Couplingbase contains primer and is fittedwith crimped-on igniter.18

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(2)-

Fuze (par. 15).Model - number M6Al.Components - fir i n g mechanismand primed coupling base withcrimped-on igniter.Tw - combination.Weight of igniter charge (black

powder) - 10 grains.Length- 7.18 inches (approx.).Thread size - 9/16 inch.Material -zinc-base alloy.Safeties - locking safety pin (cot-ter pin type) in release pin at endopposite release pin ring; posi-tive safety pin (cotter pin type) inend of firing pin betweenpressure prongs.Painting - olive drab.c. Functioning.(1) Pressure of 8 to 20 pounds actingon one or more of the three prongsof the fuze, or, pull of 3 to 10 poundson a trip wire attached to the re-lease pin ring of. the fuze causesrelease of firing pin which is thenforced downward by the firing pinspring and strikes the primer.(2) Primer projects a flame toignitercharge.(3) Igniter transmits flame to propel-ling charge.(4) Propelling charge transmits flameto delay charge and projects thes he 11 (modified 60-mm mortarshell) from mine.(5) Delay charge then transmits flameto ignite charge, which causesdetonator, booster, and burstingcharge to function bursting theshell at a height of approximatelytwo to three meters.d. Laying and Arming.(1) Prepare a hole-in the ground with afirm foundation at the bottom and adepth such that the fuze prongs,with the mine emplaced, extendabout l/4-inch to 3/4-inch aboveground level.(2) After unpacking a mine and a firingmechanism (packed in the cartonwith the mine) (fig. 9), test the lock-ing safety pin and the positivesafety pin for freedom from bind-

ing, If either of these safety pinsbinds when twisted in their holes,turn in the mine to appropriatetechnical personnel for inspection.

, .RAPD 116928Figure 9. Packing box for antipersonnel mine

M2A,# and fuze M6Al.(3) Unscrew the hexagonal shippingcap from the coupling base in themine, inspect the fuze well forforeign matter, and screw the fir-ing mechanism to the couplingbasehand-tight.(4) Place the mine upright in the holeso that the trips of the prongs onthe fuze protrude above groundlevel ( (1) above). Pack dirt tightlyaround and over the mine to justbelow the release pin level. Afteremplacement, check mine for sta-bility by attempting to move themine laterally. If the mine moves,

pack dirt more solidly around themine.(5) Install one or more trip wires byattaching them first to firmlydriven stakes and then to the re-lease pin ring, leaving enough slackin the trip wires to allow the top ofthe fuze to rotate to receive a direct

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pull on the release pin ring fromany one of the trip wires. This isnecessary for proper functioning ofthe fuze.Caufion: Be sure that there is notension on the trip wires.(6) Remove the locking safety pin bypulling on the cord to which it isattached.(7) Finish filling the hole with dirt up tothe tips of the prongs, making surethat the dirt around the trip wire (8)and around the cord attachedtothepositive safety pin is loose enoughto permit free movement.(8) The effective pressure area may beincreased by installing a board,fixed at one end, and in such aposi-tion that pressure on the boardwould bring pressure on the prongsof the fuze. If a board is installed,c are must be exercised not foalIow fhe weighf affheboard toexert any pressure on fhe fuze.(9) Camouflage the *hole installation.(10) Remove the positive safety pin bypulling on the end of the cord at-tached to it, thus arming the fuze.Warning; Do not distrLTb the tripwires,(11) Save the hexagonal shipping cap andboth safety pins for use indisarm-ing the fuze.

e. Boobyfrapping. This mine has no pro-vision for a secondary boobytrapping fuze.Boobytrapping will be done only by espe-cially trained personnel. Refer to FM 5-31.L Disarmiq&J and Removal (Neufral-izing).Warning: DO not attempt to disarm orremove any mine that is frozen in or to theground.(1)

(2)(3)

20

Carefully inspect the installationfor boobytraps and boobytrappingdevices before each of steps (2)through (7) below.Carefully remove the camouflagematerial and pressure board, if=lY*Carefully remove the dirt fromaround the top of the mine to ex-pose both the positive safety pin

hole and the locking safety pinhole.(4) Insert the positive safety pinfirst, and then insert the lockingsafety pin.(5) Disconnect the trip wires.(6) Remove the remaining dirt fromthe hole and remove mine.(7) Unscrew the firing mechanismfrom the fuze, taking care nof toremove the coupling base contain-ing the primer from the mine.(8) Replace the hexagonal shipping capand return the mine and firingmechanism to their original con-dition and packing.g. Effectiveness.(1) Casualty radius, approximately 10meters.(2) Danger radius, approximately 150meters.(3) Ten percent more effective thanantipersonnel mine M16Al (par.18).h. Special PrecautiOnS.(1) No attempt will be made to disasesemble the mine beyond unscrew+ing the firing mechanism from thebase coupling when a mine is re-moved from the emplaced posi-tion.

(2) Mines with loose projector capsor with a loose primer in the basecoupling will not be used until in-spection by ordnance personnelshows that the igniter charge anpropelling charge have not beendamaged by moisture, and the pro-jector cap and the primed basecoupling with igniter charge (pri-mer and igniter assembly) havebeen resealed.(3) Although the mine is water resist-ant, it should not be expected tofunction after prolonged submer-gence in water.Note 1. The m ine may be laid and removed any number of times if not damagedor deteriorated, and if the above instruc-tions are f o 11 owe d. Do not use m ines either the mine projector cap or the coup-ling base containing the primer are loose,except as provided in (2) above.

Note 9. Hexagonal shipping and storage

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cap is removed from base coupling in thefield and replaced with firing mechanism .

15. Fuze, Mine, Combination, M6Ala. Description. This fuze (fig. 8), whichis used with all antipersonnel mines, M2series, consists of a tripronged firing

mechanism, and a base coupling fitted witha percussion cap p r i me r and a blackpowder igniter. This base coupling assem-bly is assembled to the mine as issuedand the firing mechanism is packed sepa-rately in the mine packing box, The basecoupling assembly is protected by a hex-agonal shipping cap. Completely assem-bled f uz e s may also be requisitionedseparately (Table I). The firing mechanismconsists of a cylindrical head and body, thehead being slightly larger in diameter. Thehead contains a spring-loaded trigger pinto which the three pressure prongs areattached. The head also contains a spring-loaded release pin with the locking safetypin and with a release pin ring for attach-ment of a pull or trip wire. The head andbody of the firing mechanism contain afiring pin which consists of a l/8-inch steelrod recessed near the center for engage-ment of the release pin. The positive safetypin is located near the top of the firing pinbetween the prongs of the firing mechanismhead. See paragraph l&(2) for additionaldata on this fuze.b. Functioning. The firing mechanism isinitiated by a pull on a trip wire attachedto the release pin ring, thus releasing thefiring pin, or by pressure on one or moreof the prongs of the head. Such pressuredepresses the trigger pin which operatesthe release pin which, in turn, releasesthe firing pin. A pull of 3 to 10 pounds onthe release pin ring or a force of 8 to 20pounds on one or more of the prongs pro-truding from the top of the head depressesthe head about 9/32-inch and causes thefuze to function.Warnin& When the fuze is unpacked foruse, it should be inspected to insure that thetrigger pin in which the prongs are set(fig. 8) is fully seated, and that the safetypins doe not bind. If the fuze fails to meetany of these requirements, it is unsafe andshould not be used.

16. Mine, Antipersonnel, M3 and Fuze, MineCombination, M7Al

a. General. Antipersonnel mine M3 is fragmentation-type mine. It consists of high-explosive charge in a heavy cast ironcase. It is normally placed at the surfaceof the ground, as shown in figure 4. However, its effective radius canbe increasedif it is raised several feet off the groundIts effective r ad iu s is considerably reduced when the mine is buried. The minecase has three fuze wells which permitboobytrapping on a variety of fuzing arrangements.b. Description. (fig. 10).(1)

(2)

Boo$. Thecast-iron body is filledwith 0.90 pound of flake TNT. Thereare threaded fuze wells in two opposite sides and one end. The fuz(M7Al), which consists of a firingmechanism and a p r i me d bascoupling to which a nonelectricblasting cap is crimped, may binserted in any one of these wells.As shipped; the holes are closedwith slotted plastic plugs. In onend, opposite the end containing ththreaded well is a filling holwhich is closed with a metal diskAdditional information may bfound in table I.Fuze. The fuze M7Al is describedin paragraph 17.Note. Fuze M 7Al is not interchangeablewith the M6Al (par. 15) .c. Functioning. A pressure of 8 to 2pounds on any of the prongs of the fuze or pull of 3 to 10 pounds on the release piring will release the firing pin. The firingpin strikes the primer. A small, intensspit of flame from the primer explodes thnonelectric blasting cap crimped to thbase coupling of the fuze, which in turexplodes the TNT bursting charge. The exploding charge fragments the cast iro

case and propels the fragments at higspeed in all directions away from the blastd. Installation and Arming. Remove mine from the packing case (fig. 12). Prepare the mine for use by testingthe safetpins (cotter pins) on the fuze (fig. 13) fofreedom from binding. The mine may binstalled with any one or all of the fuze

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f

CLOSING DISK(YELLOW)

RA PD 49595C

Figure 10. Mine, antipersonnel, M3 and fuze,mine, combination, M'7Al.arranged for trip-wire operation, pres-sure operation, or both.(1) For trip- wire operation(a) Anchor the mine firmly so that itwill not move when the trip wireis pulled. The mine may be se-

cured by partially burying it andpacking it with earth, or by tyingor taping it to a tree, stakes, orother immovable object.(6) Remove one, two, or three oftheclosing plugs depending upon howmany fuzes are to be used for the

particular operation. Use wrenchpacked with mines. Conceal theplugs for possible future use in --disarming in accordance withFM 20-32.(c) Inspect the threaded well to in-sure absence of foreign matter.(d Screw in the fuze or fuzes, mak-ing s ur e that the nonelectricblasting cap is attached.(e) Attach the trip wires to anchorstakes and then to the release pinring of the fuze, making certainthat most of the slack of the wireis taken up but that the wire 4s nottight enough to exert any pull onthe ring. Jf more than one tripwire is attached to a singlefuze,leave enough slack in the tripwire to allow the top of the fuze

to rotate just enough to receive adirect pull on the release pm ringby any one of the trip wires. Thisis necessary for proper function-ing of the fuze.

RAPD 116929Figure 11. Packing box for antipersonnel nine,M3 and fuze, M7Al.

RELEASE PIN

COUPLING BASE

REMOVE LASTRAPD 1512X

Figure I,%?. Fuze, mine, combination, M7Al.22

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(f) Camouflage the installation inaccordance with FM 5-20.(g) Arm the fuze or fuzes by firstpulling out the relase pin safetypin and then pulling out the safetypin (positive) locatedbetween thethree prongs. Neither safety pinmay bind.(h) Do not adjust or disturb the tripwires.(2) For pressure operation.(a) Place the mine in a hole withtopof prongs of a fuze one-fourth ofan inch below ground level.(b) A pressure board may be placedto bear very lightly on prongs ofmine.WarnIn& If apressure board isused, it must be so placed that itexerts practically nopressure onprongs .(c) Cover and camouflage the mine.(d) .Arm the fuze or fuzes by firstpulling out the @ease pinsafetypin (locking safety pin) and thenpulling out the firing pin safetypin (positive safety pin) locatedbet we en the three prongs.Neither may bind.e. Arming From a Distance. If desired,a lo- to 18-inch piece of No. 16 wire at-tached to a long cord may be inserted inplace of the locking and positive safetypins (always remove the positive safety pinlast) so that the arming may be done froma distance,f. Boobytrapping. This mine may beboobytrapped to prevent disturbance or re-moval, by using the firing devices (withnonelectric blasting caps) described inparagraph 41. The firing devices withblasting caps are * screwed into the fuzewells not occupied by the main fuze. Figure4 shows a mine M3 with antilift and anti-disturbance boobytrapping arrangements.Before attempting to use the various firingdevices available, personnel should studythe instructions for their use contained inTM g-1375-200.g. Disarming and Removal (Neutraliz-ing) a Trip- Wire Installation.JI) Inspect carefully for boobytraps,(2) Insert the firing pin safety pm

(positive) first, and then inserttherelease pin safety pin (locking).(3) Disconnect the trip wires.(4) Remove the mine.(5) Remove the fuze or fuzes, includingbase coupling with blasting capattached.(6) Replace the closing plugs and re-turn the mine and its componentsto their original packings.h. Disarming and Removal (Neutraliz-ing) a Pressure Installation.ii;(3)(4)(5)(6)

Inspect carefully for boobytraps.Remove pressure board, if any.Insert the firing pin safety pin( positivefl safety pin).Remove the mine.Remove the fuze or fuzes, includingbase coupling with blasting capattached.Rep 1 ace the closing plugs andreturn the mine and its compo-nents to their original packings.Note. The mine may be laid and removedaccording to the a b o v e instructions anynumber of times if not deterioratedordamaged.-_ .~i. EiSxtiveness.(1) Effective radius, 10 meters whendetonated at surface of ground.(2) Effective radius may be increasedby detonating above ground.(3) Fragments may be thrown morethan 100 meters.

Warning: Make sure that friendlytrocps within a radius of 100meters of a laid mine are ade-quately protected.17. Fuze, Mine, Combination, M7Al

This fuze (figs. 12 and 13) consists of athree-pronged firing mechanism of thesame type used withthe fuze M6Al (par. 15)and a primed base coupling which is fittedwith a blasting cap. The base coupling usedwith the fuze M7Al is a l/4-inch shorterthan the one used with fuze M6Al. Ablasting cap is employed by fuze M7Albecause it is used with the antipersonnelmine M3 in which the high explosive isdirectly exploded by the cap, whereas theigniter of the fuze M6Al used with M2series mines ignites a propelling chargein the bottom of the mine.

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WZU7dXg: When the fuze is unpackedfor use, it should be inspected tc insurethat the trigger pin is seated against thecrimping at the top of the head, that therelease pin is fully seated, and that thesafety pin (cotter pin) does not bind. If thefuze fails to meet any of these require-ments, it is unsafe and should not be used,For information on installation, arming,and neutralizing, refer to paragraph 16.As shipped, the fuze M7Al is a completeassembly consisting of firing mechanismand primed base coupling with crimped-on blasting cap. This complete assemblyis packed separately but in the same pack-ing box with the mine. The fuzes are alsopacked for the separate issue, the methodof packing being identical to that for fuzesM6Al. See table I for details.

Figure 13. Installing fuse M7Ai in anti-personnel mine M3.

18. Mine, Antipersonnel, M16Al with Fuze,Mine, Combination, M605

a. GeneraZ.. This mine (fig. 14) is of thebounding fragmentation type and functionssimilarly to mine M2A4 described inpar-agraph 14. The M16Al has an explosivecharge three times larger than the M2A4and therefore has a more effective frag-mentation pattern and a larger effectiveradius.b. Description. This mine consists of acombination mine fuze M605 (par. 19), apropelling charge, and a projectile, allcontained in a sheet steel case (fig. 15).The fuze screws into the top of the caseand extends through the center of the pro-jectile to the bottom of the case, where theexpelling (propelling) charge is located,The remaining space inside the case isoccupied by the projectile. Detailed dataon this mine and fuze are listed in (1) and(2) below. Additional data may be found intable I. An earlier model, the M16, is alsoavailable for issue as shown in table I. Theprincipal differences between the M16Aland Ml6 are in the construction of the det-onators and boosters. Figure 16 shows thedifferences between the two models. Theinformation in e through i below pertainsto both models.(1) Mine.Model number - M16Al.

Type - bounding, fragmentation.Weight, loaded andunfuzed - 7-7/8pounds (approx.)Dimensions -height, shipping,5-l/2 inches(awrox. )height fuzed, 8inches (approx.)diameter, 4-l/16inches.Material - steel and cast iron.Fuze well - in center of mine,closed with hexagonal shippingplug, as shipped.Two delay charges.Two detonators.Two boosters (tetryl).Weight of bursting charge (TNT) 1 pound.Weight of expelling charge (blackpowder) - 75 grains (approx.).

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Painting - olive drab.Marking - nomenclature of mine,month and year loaded, and lotnumber (including loadersinitials and symbol) - all inyellow.Shipping plug - hexagonal shipping

I+- APPROX 4.IN------+ ORD D758Figure 15. Mine, antipersonnel, M16Ai and fuze,mine combination, M606.

;y+& PRESSURE PRONGS (31

PRESSURE SPRINTRIGGER PIN

LEASE PIN SPRING

RELEASE PIN RINGFIRING PIN SPRING(STRIKER SPRING)

plug is in place in the fuze wel(in center of mine) as shipped.This plug is removed andreplaced with fuze in the field.(2) Fuze. (par. 19).Model number - M605.Components - firing mechanismand primed fuze body withcrimped-on igniter containinga black powder charge.Type - combination.Dimensions - length, 7-l/8 inchediameter (overall), l-3/4 inch.Material - metal.Safeties - locking safety pin (cottepin type) in release pin ring;positive safety pin (cotter pintype) in end of firing pinbetweenpressure prongs; interlockingpin between safety pins.Painting - olive drab.Marking - nomenclature of fuze.C. Functioning by Pressure(fig. 16).(1) Pressure of 8 to 20pounds oneitherof the three prongs of the fuzcompresses the pressure spring.

-I IRING PIN(STRIKER)J PERCUSSION

CHARGE-(BURSTING CHARGE)

AGMENTATIOSHELL (SODY)FRAGMENTATlON

OSTER CHARGEONATOR q

MIXTURE ------+DELAY ELEMENT -1

EXPELLING CHARGE d!

?\

Figure 16. Comparison of antipersonnel mines Ml6 and Ml6Al.26

M16Al ORD D7

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(2) Pressure spring forces the triggerdownward.(3) Wedge-shaped tip of trigger forcesr e 1 e as e pin outward to positionwhere firing pin (strike) is re-leased.(4) Firing pin spring forces firing pindownward.(5) Firing pin hits primer, which ig-nites the fuze delay charge.(6) Fuze delay charge while burningallows time for person stepping onprong(s) to move from directlyabove mine.(7) Fuze delay charge then ignites thefuze relay charge, which ignitesthe fuze igniter charge.(8) Fuze igniter charge ignites themine propelling (expelling) charge.(9) Mine propelling charge projectscast-iron shell upward from minebody and at the same time ignitesthe two detonator delay charges.(10) When shell is approximately onemeter above the ground the deto-nator delay charges have burnedthrough, initiating the detonators.(11) Detonators explode boosters whichin turn explode bursting charge.(12) Explosion of bursting chargeshat-ters shell, projecting metal frag-ments in all directions.(13) The mine will explode even if re-strained by a weight or barrier,from being projected upward.

e. Functioning by Pull.(fig. 14).(1) Pull of 3 to 10 pounds on a tripwire attached to the release pmring of the fuze pulls release pinoutward to position where firingpin (striker) is released.(2) Functioning from this point on isthe same as described in d(4)through d(13) above.f. Installi@ and Armin&(1) Unscrew the hexagonal shippingplug from the fuze well of the mine,using the c 10s ed end of fuzingwrench M25 issued with the mine.(2) Examine the fuze well and flashtube for evidence of obstructionorforeign matter. To remove ob-

(3)

(4)

structions or foreign matter, turnthe mine upside down and gentlytap its bottom. lf any mines appearto be damaged or in anunsatisfac-tory condition, they should be car-ried to a safe place and destroyedwith explosives by authorized per-sonnel as prescribed in TM 9-1300-206 (TM9-1903).Carefully examine the fuze assem-bly, including the crimping at thetop of the fuze where it touchesthe top of the trigger, for evidenceof damage. Check the safety pinsto see that they move freely in thesafety pin holes. Be sure the rub-ber gasket is around the fuze case.Screw the fuze assembly into thefuze well of the mine and tightenit securely against the rubbergasket, using the open end of thecombination wrench M25.

(6)

(5) Dig a hole about 6 inches deep andabout 5 inches in diameter.Note. When buried so that the tops of thepressure pro n g s are about even with thesurface of the ground, sympathetic detona-tion will o c c u r when mines Ml6 are laidapproximately 1.5 to 2 meters apart.Place the mine in the hole. It canbe installed so that it willdetonateby pressure alone; or it maybe in-stalled with trip wires, in whichcase the mine can be detonatedeither by pressure on the pressureprongs or by pull on the trip wires,as described in (a) and (b) below.-(a) For pressure actuation. C:eve rthe mine with spoil (dirt) fromthe hole, pressing it firmly intoplace around the s ide s of themine. Leave the release-pin ringand pressure prongs exposed.Arrange the p ull cords on thesafety pins for easy withdrawal.Camouflage t he installation inaccordance with instructions inFM 20-32, Remove the lockingsafety pin. After the 1 o c kingsafety pin is removed, the inter-locking pin can be removed fromthe positive safety pin, which is1 oc at ed between the prongs.Finally, remove the p o s it ivesafety pin, thus arming the fuze.

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Warning: If the positive safetypm is hard to remove the fuseshould be replaced with a new(b) ?ti trip-wire acfuafion. Coverthe mine with spoil (dirt), pres-sing it firmly in place around the

sides of the mine. Leave the re-lease-pin ring and p r e s s u r eprongs exposed. Drive two an-chor stake s approximately 10meters (approx. 33 feet) from themine. Locate the stakes so thatwires, when attached, will forma wide V. A third trip wire andanchor stake may be installed,if desired. This prevents any lat-eral movement of the e ne m y.Fasten a separate wire to eachanchor stake, then fasten the freeends to the release pin ring ofthe fuze. Follow the steps out-lined in (a) above for removingthe safety pins,Warning: Do not install the tripwires so taut that they exertpullon the release pin ring, as thismight cause the mine to deto-nate accidentally when the safetypins are removed.g. Boobflrappin& No secondary f uz ewells for boobytrapping are provided inthe mine M16, and boobytrapping will bedone only by especially trainedpersonnel.Refer to FM 5-31.h. Disarming and Removal.(1) After locating the mine andcheck-ing for booby-traps, carefully un-cover the top and examine it forevident e of malfunctioning ordamage from blast.Wa.rnh.g: If the mine is damaged,do not attempt to neutralize it.Either destroy it in place uiith aprepared charge, or attach a 50-meter length of wire or rope to thehead of the fuze and, from a pro-tected position, pull the mine fromthe hole. Be sure kc examine suchprotected position for mines beforeoccupying it.(2) If the mine does not appear to bedamaged, insert the original or a

like safety pin (cotter pin), a lengthof steel wire, or a nail of properdiameter t h r o u g h the positivesafety--pin hole (located betweerthe prongs of the fuze).(3) Insert the safety pin, a length osteel wire, or a nail through thlocking safety pin hole (located ithe head of the fuze, opposite threlease pin ring).Warning: The positive safetypinmust be inserted FIRST.. In casthe fuze malfunctions, the positivesafety pin stops any action that

(4) t=i slack trip wires attached tthe release pin ring.Warning; Never cut a taut wireuntil the other end has been examined to see that it is not anchoredto another mine.(5) Carefully dig around the sides anbottom of the mine and check foboobytrapping devices. (If the minis boobytrapped, proceed as oulined in Warning in (1) above.)(6) Lift the mine from the ground.(7) Unscrew and remove the fuze assembly from the mine.(8) Replace the shipping plug.(9) Restore mine to original conditionand packing.i. Effectiveness.(1) Casualty radius when exploded, approximately 30 meters.(2) Danger radius 200 meters.(3) The mine Ml6 is a highly effectiveweapon, capable of killing or injur-ing personnel in the vicinity of thmine. It is more effective than thM2 series bounding type antiper-sonnel m ine (para. 14). This minis primarily employed in m ix emine f i e Ids to protect antitanmine s against enemy breaching

parties. However, it canbe usedbitself in the preparation of ambushes or in the nuisance mininof areas likely to be occupied benemy troops.(4) Since both the pressure prongs antrip wires will be exposed aftethe mine is installed, the Ml6 28

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-best employed where at least 3inches of natural cover is avail-able. When installed for trip-wireactuation, a maximum of front canbe covered with a single mine.Normally, 2 trip wires are usedwith each mine. The spool of tripwire packed with each mine con-tains 4 separate 12 meter lengths.Two are green, and two are sandcolored. Always select the colorthat blends best with the terrain orvegetation. If it is necessary to in-stall this mine in bare or sparsely-covered ground, the use of tripwires is undesirable; a soldierwalking erect is not likely to detectthe pressure prongs unless alertedto the presence of the mines.j. Special Precautions.

(1)

(2)

No attempt will be made to disas-semble the mine (except as re-quired in e and g above), to un-screw the shipping plug in prepa-ration for fuzing, or to unscrewand remove the fuze in neutralizingoperations.Mines with broken or jammed outercasing or fuzes from jammed ordented metallic containers will notbe used until inspection by ammu-nition personnel shows that neitherthe propelling charge of the minenor the fuze has been damaged bymoisture or otherwise.

19. Fuze, Mine Combination, M605a. General. This fuze consists of twomain assemblies, the head assembly andthe loading assembly (figs. 14,15, and 17).Although somewhat similar in design, theM605 and the M6Al (par. 15) are not in-terchangeable.b. Head Assembly. The head assemblycontains the firing mechanism and safety

devices. It includes the three pressureprongs projecting from the top of the fuzecase, the positive safety pin which passesthrough the firingpin between the pressureprongs, the interlocking pin located on theside of the head and assembled to boththepositive and locking safety pins, and thelocking safety pin which passes through one

side of the fuze case and through one endof the release pin. Attached to the other endof the release pin is the release-pin ringto which trip wires may be attached.Threads for assembling the fuze in thefuze well of the mine are located about mid-way on the head assembly. At this pointthe fuze case is shaped to permit the useof a wrench in tightening the fuze to themine. The interlocking pin is designed toassure that the safety pins will be with-drawn in the proper sequence, that is, thelocking safety pin first and the positivesafety pin last.c. Loading Assembly. The loading as-sembly, which is screwed to the headassembly to complete the fuze assembly,consists of the primer assembly and thedelay and relay charge assembly to whichthe igniter is crimped.

d. Functioning. See paragraph 18 forfunctioning.e. Wrench, Fuzing, Antipersonnel Mine,MZ. This combination box and open-endwrench (fig. 14) is stamped from apiece ofstrip steel 6 inches long, l-1/4 inches wideand about l/8-inch thick. The box end hasa hexagonal opening, 0.775-inch acrossflats, to engage the shipping plug of anti-personnel mine M16Al (par. 18). The open-end has an opening of 0.64-inch to engagethe shoulder on the combination minefuzeM605, which is used with the M16Al mine.20. Mine, Antipersonnel, M18Al

and Accessoriesa. General. The antipersonnel mineM18Al (fig. 18) is adirectional, fixed frag-mentation mine that is used primarily fordefense of bivouac areas, outposts, andagainst infiltration tactics. This mine isalso effective against thin-skinned vehi-cles such as jeeps, automobiles, trucks,etc., readily perforating the outer bodyand injuring or killing the occupants. The

fragments will also puncture tires, gastanks, crankcases, radiators, and engineaccessories. When detonated, a fan-shapedsheaf (pattern) of spherical steel frag-ments is projected in a 60-degree hori-zontal arc covering a casualty area of50 meters to a height of 2 meters. Eachmine is issued in a bandoleer containing29

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one mine with accessories and instructionsfor use (fig . 18 and 19). See table I fordetailed information on packing.b. Description.(1) Mine. Mine M18Al (fig. 17) is acurved, rectangular, olive-drab,molded case of fiberglass filledpolystyrene (plastic). It is 8-l/2inches long, l-3/8 inches wide,3-l/4 inches high, and weighs 3.5pounds. In the front portion of thecase is a fragmentation face con-taining 700 steel spheres (10.5grains) embedded in a p 1 as t icmatrix. The back portion of thecase, behind the matrix, contains a1.5-pound layer of composition C-4explosive. The fragmentation faceis convex horizontally to direct thefragments in a go-degree arc andconcave vertically to control thevertical dispersion of the frag-ments. Additional components ofthis mine are: two detonator wellswith shipping plug priming adapt-ers, a molded slit-type peepsight,and two pairs of scissor type fold-ing legs. These components are de-scribed in (a) through (c ) below.(a) Detonator wells. The two det-onator wells, located in the top ofthe mine, enable the mine to befired from two locations or tobefired by nonelectric single ordual priming. The wells aresealed by the plug ends of theshipping plug priming adapterswhich prevent entry of foreignmaterials into the de t on at orwells. The slotted end of the ship-ping plug priming adapter is usedto hold an electric or nonelectricblasting cap in place when themine is armed.Note. The s h i p p i n g plug-prim ingadapter is merely reversed when the

mine is to be armed.(b) Peepsight and arrows. Themolded slit-type peepsight andarrows (fig. 17), located on top ofthe mine, are used to aim themine.(c) Legs. The two pairs of scissor-type folding legs, located on the

bottom of the mine, enable thmine to be emplaced on all typeof surfaces. The mine can alsob tiedto posts, trees, etc.(2) Accessories.(a) Firing device M57. The firingdevice M57 (fig. 18) is handhel

pulse generator which, by single actuation of the handleproduces a double (one positive,one negative) electrical pulseThis device is about 4 inchelong, l-3/8 inches wide, 3-l/4in c he s high, and weighs 3/4-pound. At one end of the firing device is a rubber connector witha dust cover.(b) Test set M4U. The test set M4(fig. 18) is an instrument used fochecking the continuity of thinitiating c i r c u it of this mineThis test set is 3-l/2 inches longl-1/2 inches wide, l-3/8 inchehigh and weighs l/a-pound. Rubber connectors protrude fromeach end, one with acombinationshorting plug and dust cover anthe other with a dust cover onlyA small window is provided fcobserving the flashes of an indiheating lamp.(c) Electric blasfizg cap M4. Thelectric blasting cap M4 (fig. 18consists of an electric blastingblasting cap M6 attached to 10feet (30 meters) of firing wireAttached to the firing wire connector is a combination shortingplug and dust cover. The short-ing p 1 ug prevents accidentafunctioning of the blasting capbstatic electricity and the duscover prevents dirt and moisturefrom entering the connector. Thblasting cap assembly is wrappedaround a flat paper and therolled to form apackage 6 inchelong, 4 inches wide, and 2 inchehigh. This assembly should buncoiled without tangling or kinking. A piece of insulating tape used to hold the package together.

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PL,AF

MOLDED SLIT-TYPE PEEP SIGHT

I

SCISSOR-TYPE FOLDING

Figure 17. Mine, antipersonnel, MlBAl.

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CARRYING STRAP

TEST SET M40

,BANDOLEER M7

I INSULATION TAPE

FIRING DEVICE MS7

OP.0 0184-AFigure 18. Antipersonnel mine M18Al and accessories packed in bandoleer M7.

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\APOR BARRIER BAGBANDOLEER M7 -- /

Figure 19. Packing box fbr antipersonnelmine M18Al.(3) Bandoleer M7. The bandoleer M7(fig. 18) is constructed of water re-sistant canvas (olive-drab color)with snap fasteners to secure theflaps. The bandoleer has twopockets; one pocket contains themine and the other pocket con-

tains a firing device, a test set,and an electric blasting cap as-sembly. The p a c ke d bandoleermeasures 9-l/4 inches long,11-l/2 inches wide, and 2 incheshigh. A 2-inch wide web strap,which is used as ashoulder carry-ing strap, is sewn to the bag. Anolive-green w a t e r repellent in-struction s he et is sewn to theinside flap.Note. Only one of the six bandoleers ineach packing box (fig. 20) contains a testset. The bandoleer containing the test setis identified by an identification tag on thecarrying strap (fig. 18).

C. Casualty Effect and Danger Area.(1) Fragmentation. The mine M18Aldelivers 700 highly effective steelfragments in a fan-shaped patternapproximately 2 meters high and

(2)

60-degrees wide at a range of 50meters (fig. 21). These fragmentsare effective up to a range of 100meters and can travel up to 250meters forward of the mine.Baclcblasf, Within an area of 16mete r s (fig. 20) to the rear andsides of the mine, backblast cancause injury by concussion andsecondary missiles. Up to 100 me-ters to the r e ar and sides of themine, all friendly personnel mustbe under cover for protection fromsecondary missiles.(a) Radius of 0 to l6meters &om themine. Friendly troops are pro-hibited in this area.(b) Radius of 16 to 100 meters &omthe mine. The minimum safe op-erating distance from the mine is16 meters. At this distance, theoperator should be in a foxhole ordugout (fig. 21) or lie prone, pre-ferably in a depression. Allfriendly troops, including the op-erator, within 100 meters of themine should take cover behind aboulder, a tree, or the like to pre-vent being injured by flying sec-ondary missiles, sticks, stones,pebbles, etc.d. Functioning. When the mine M18Alhas been armed, the actuation of the firing

device handle (safety bail in armed posi-tion) will provide sufficient energy (elec-trical) to detonate blasting cap M6. Thedetonation of the blasting cap, in turn,detonates the high explosive charge (camp.C-4), Detonation of the high explosivecharge causes fragmentation of the plasticmatrix and projection of the sphericalfragments outward in a fan-shapedpattern(fig. 20). The mine functions effectively intemperatures ranging from -40 to f 125F.This mine is sufficiently waterproof tofunction satisfactorily after having beensubmerged in salt or fresh water for 2hours.e. Laying and Aiming.Note. Remove the mine and accessories (fig. 18)from the bandoleer. Read the instruction sheet at-tached to the flap of the bandoleer before proceed-ing with the following instructions.

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WP

. /f- - + *--Figure $0. Casualty aTeas and db I areas of antipersonnel mine Mi8Al.

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warning: Position the mine 90 thatfriendly troops forward and to the aide ofthe mine (figs. 20 and 21) will not be en-dangered. The firing position should be atleast 16 meters to the rear or tothe sidesof the mine.(1)

(2)

(3)

Turn the legs downward and spreadabout 45-degrees. Twist the legs sothat one leg protrudes ahead andone behind the mine, and positionthe mine with the surface markedFRONT TOWARD ENEMY andthe arrows on top of the casepointing in the direction of theenemy or the desired area of fire.On snow or extremely soft ground(mud), the bandoleer maybe spreadbeneath the mine as support. Toprevent tipping in windy areas orwhen legs cannot be pressed intothe ground, carefully spread legsto the maximum possible (approx-imately 180-degrees), so that legswill be fore and aft.Select an airriingobject (tree, bush,etc.) or use an aiming stake thatis approximately 50 meters fromthe mine and projects approxi-mately 1 meter above the ground(fig. 21).Position the eye approximately 6inches away from the mine and aimthe mine by sighting through theslit-type peepsight. The groove ofthe sight should be in line with theaiming point. The aiming objectshould be in the center of the de-sired coverage area and the bot-tom edge of the peepsight shouldbeparallel to the ground to be coveredwith fragment spray.f. Arming and Elecfrical Firing.(1) Unscrew the shipping plugprimingadapter and retain for future use.(2) Remove the insulation tape andun-roll the paper form from the elec-tric blasting cap assembly (fig. 18).Retain paper form and tape for pos-sible future use. Hold the blastingcap while unwinding approximately3 meters of the firing wire.W&ning: Make certain that thecombination shorting plug and dust

36

(3)

(4)

(6)

cover is assembled to the conector of the blasting cap assembbefore placing the blasting capt&e. detonator well,Wind the firing wre around the Ileg two or three times on the saside of the mine as the detonawell to be used (fig. 22).Slide the slotted end of the shippiplug priming adapter on the firiwires of the blasting cap betwethe crimped connections and blasting cap. Pull the excess wthrough the slotted end of the shping plug priming adapter until top of the blasting cap is firmseated in the bottom portion of shipping plug priming adapter; thscrew the shipping plug priminadapter and the blasting cap ithe detonator well.Wmnin.g: Make certain the fof the mine marked FRONT TWARD ENEMY and the arrows top of the mine point in the directioof the enemy.Unwind the remaining firing wto the firing position. If possibbury the firing wire to proter from artillery fire and to preeasy detection.Note. Retain paper roll form for fuuse during disarming.Warning: The mine firing po

tion should be in a foxhole; or ishielded or protected position, least 16 meters behind or to side of the emplaced mine,Note 1. If possible, perform tests below before firing mine M18Al .Note 2. If the area has been subject recent mortar or artillery bombardment, testing of the b 1 as tin g cap assembly required.Remove the dust cover from connector on the firing devicalso, remove the combinationshorting plug and dust cover frothe end of the firing wire. Asseble (plug in) the two connectors.warning:Before connecting blasting cap assembly to the firidevice (fig. 22), the safety bail mbe in the tWfel l position. Maksure that all personnel are un

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SHIPPING PLUG PRIMING ADAPTER\

/ INDOWSAFETY BAIL

l 1

TO FIRE CIRCUIT

COMBINATION SHORTING PLUG. .*r

-*m-l 17180Figure 2.2. Arming and testing antipersonnel mine Ml8Al.