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Efficiency of Classroom Utilization of

King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Thonburi

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Abstract

The Purpose of the study was to analyze the utilization of lecture rooms in the

Central Building (CB) of King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Thonburi, Academic Year

1990. The study focussed on two aspects : Efficiency of Room Utilization and Space

Utilization Rate. The data used in the analysis were collected from 41 lecture rooms .

which had been categorized into 4 groups according to the standard criterion imposed by

the Ministry of University Affairs. The results of the study are as follows

1. The Efficiency of Room Utilization : the lecture rooms are utilized efficiently

with an average of 56.22 per cent of all groups

2. The Space Utilization Rate : the rate of space utilization in tecture rooms is

51 .07 per cent by an average of all groups.

3. The findings of both Efficiency of Room Utilization and Space Utilization of

KMITI's lecture rooms are slightly higher than the average of other universities, but lower

than the standard criterion of the Ministry of University Affairs.

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J; ..I I , ... ~ .... .. ... ..r ... . .., :SI • I GI

WUYllJltlUnMntt1 1 ~u = 1.1 1.'1111~L>JIJ11 Vltl~L,tJU>J1JtJ.1(;'1W\JV11Jl1.:JnULuU 2 nq>JtJt'ltJ fil'tl

~fl-3 L'1t.1U'11U1 ~~u~· 108 IJl"l,1'3 LJJIJl'l ~1\J'lU 6 ~tl~ 'Utl1fi\11L1tJU1')).J 1 ~..:JVl~t;) LL~~,xtl~L1tiu ..r...i 0 t; t ... I 111

'11U1i;'!YiUYl so 1.'1111'3Liir;i, 4l1\J'lU 1 Vltl'I Ut'l1fil'1'L'tl\J'l'll.J 2 Li;'lt1L1l~t1~'fl.:i~uulun~)Jil :SI"... Jf.:J . J• .... I.,

~ ~LuU '-'tl\I L 1tJUttl\J1 i;'!YiUVl 104 11111''1\I L>J '1'1 fil'l1JJ'111112J Ln ru .,1 IJltl ,,.,tl-3~::; L Yl1 nu 104/1 .1 = 94. 54 I I t t I

vr'1tl 94 filU 41U"lU{'l LJJ~Yi"'1'l1L.r1.~tlti1-.1L~)JViLvi1ntJ 35 i'l L2J'1/fttl"'1\.f 'lun1nlYiLtJ" lmf itli;-i"l,,;-I I

~~ 5 t!'u LLfl:::r.lj:::Lvi1nu 42 f11i.i'ltitl@l1~ 1.un,nlViLtl"l1tt4'fitl@l11'ffl::: 6 ~u

'97

!"11..1 .., .I -1l'ln'l'l lf'11j.u'Vl 17 ill..JU'Vl 1 lJO'UlV'U 2537

1

I

1 .3 ~'e)-:J l'1tJuYli1-JJ'W1"1fl'11).J,, 100 D--3 199 fi'l'U u1~nt1tJ~")U~tl~l;tl'U1'J)JL'U'fl1fil11L;tl'U 1

0 " ell " 'i'Jl-J 2 (CB 2) ,,1'W"lU 9 ~'Cl"1 fl'a ~'fl-:J CB 2104, 2402, 2403, 2404, 2502, 2503, 2504, 2602, 2603, .,

2604, 2608, 2312 LL~~'Cl1fi'l11L1uu1"ll.1 1 ics 1) ~ 1'W'Ju 1 iXtl.:i ~tl ~'fl.:i cs 1103 ~11\IL1uu1.un~)Jil 1

0 JI' .,,j .,.. I .... ~ II """ - J; .... I .....

n1~'1.J"1Yl'W'VllJl1).J LnrusrJlJl'e1'Wnf"ln1!t1 1 fl'W = 1.0 lJl1':i'1-lLiJlJl1 ~tl~L,.t1'Wi.J'1J'W'l1?1V.'WY11J11-.lnu 3 llf!'W11fl t; I \; I

.dj .dj cl D II i; 41 "'* Gii 0 t;

fl'el1J'W1(;)Yl'l.JVl 120 Lil111\1Li.Ji;J1 ,,1'W'1'W 11 Vl'a.:I ~'El\IL1tl'W-il'U111l~'W'Vl 160 lJl111\IL>..llJl1 ,,1'1.J'l'W 1 Vltl-3

LL~::~tl.:i L1uu-nu1 r;)~U~ 144 i;i111-3LiJti11 ~1ur.iu 1 ~tl\I 41u"lui'l L)J~~fi'l'l11-nl~tltJ1\IL~)J~Lvi1riu I I t I

35 itJtl-J.:i/~tJ"'1~ tun1ruY1Lu"1'l«li~tJ"'1tf~~ s 1'u LL~~~~Lvi1nu 42 i"l1i.i.:i1~tJ"'1if 1.un1ruYi

Lll(;) 11)1-H~tJ(;)1\-f~~ 6 1'u

... .,,. 0 "' .... " "' ...

~1t1ULS'tl'W1"l~ 2 (CB 2) ~1U'1'W 5 Vltl~ fi'l'il Vl'fl..:J CB 2201 , 2301, 2401, 2501 LL~~ 2601 Vltl\IL1tl'W

1un~l-Jtln1vrur;)~U~til1iJLnruevf).J1lJ11~1u ~'illl'n~n1!t1 1 ~u Lv11riu o.9 lJl111.:1LlJlJl1 i14!lu1rfl~u~ 1 d

IJ" I II I V "'* 222 lJl111-l Ll-JlJl'j' "'1'J1)_),lJl"))J Lnru'Yll-J1lJl131'WlJl11Vl'El\l~~LYl1nU 222/0.9 = 246.66 Vl''i) 247 fi'l'W

I I ) I I

~1\J1Ui1 t>-J..:iYifi'l1~1.ni~fJiJ1-lL~l-JVlLvJ1rltJ 35i"l Li.l\l/~U"11tf L un1ruV1LU~1rni~tJ~1~~::; 5 1u I I

LL~~~~Lvi1nu 42 -il'JLlJ~Jt{tJ~1ir 1un1ruYiLl1"1'lmaifitJ~1"'~~ s 1w

. ~

Lij'il~~11ru1LmuuL Y1t.1u tJ1::;~vifin1Yin11'li~fJ.:JL1uu11'fl'l~fJ.:i L1uu~'l 4 n~i.i 1uu.r;i~::; , I

.

n1'°'L1uu ~::;riu~1~fJ..:iL;uun~).JY) 1 (llfl'W1~"'1"l1>-J~i!n~n1!t1'ti!Lnu 50 "'1W) ijtJ1::;~Vtfin1~n111~ , , I I

~'fl-3 l 'Wf11~L~uuYi 2 ~\ln~1111fi'l ~uu~ 1 I

~fl'lL1uun~>-JVi 2 (-nu1~'1':l1>-Jill'n~n~ 51-99 fi1U} I "°".I ~.... 'II/" 'I ...,. .,..

)Ju1::;iN'Vlfi!)1~n11 L,Vl'il.:I L'U1l1~t1t.J'UVl 1

I

f ... .... .., ...

1 ~-l n'l11l1r1L1U U 'Vl 2 (;)..:! i;J111..:I LL~::; LLc.J WJJ ).J

98

!'"I .J v .J .... 111ffl1 ff:;)li.uVl 17 ~'U'UVl 1 lJCl'UlEJ'U 2537

'

I .qj tJ ft A ,,,,, .,_

fl1L'il~!J 'i~ 'Ylfill1V.01'3 1l\1'tl~L1!J'U (%)

I t; ....... - .,,. -1111

'-''il-3 L '3!1 'U 1l1f\L'3!J\A 111 Fl L 'ifJ 'U L'il~fJ 2 '-' JJ1 !J L,,.. i;) ~

I 4' v11 v1 2

... nfliJ'YI 1l1 fl L 'i!J'U

. q

I

I .... • 1 56.84 67 .24 62 .04 ( ) r\1L'U~U~1U'JU

I I

(21) (27) (24) sr1 t~~Yi L-ir11u

2 75.95 64.63 70.29 1"" .... "11,._, 'tl ~ L 1tJ U

(32) (26) (29)

3 51 .17 52 .58 51 .88

( 19) ( 19) ( 19)

4 56.52 50.43 53.48

(22) ( 18) (20) I 4' .

fl1L'n~!J* 58.41 59.73 56.22

(23) (22) (23)

I ~

* LLJ 'tJ Fi 1 L fl~ ti r'J J.J '1'iJ.JU'iJ.JL1v 'tJ 'YI n U 'iJ.J n.J U J.J fi1 •

75.95 D ... ..J ~ .... .J

fl"lf')L1tJUl'l 1 ~ ll"lflLttlUl'l 2

80 67.24

64.63 70 ~--------! 56.84 56.52

60 ----tN·:-....,T7 _ __,6608----· --~50~_...,.,.a:J -

. 50 +--I ' - . .

40 +--t

•

20 1--1

• ..J nfjirn 1

99

!"I ..I v ..I ... 1l~ff1'l ff\l1i.u'YI 17 lltJtJ'YI 1 lJOUlVU 253 7

'

I

L!?1 t1fl1~1r:i lJ r11Liu~t1t11~~vifiri1~n1111~'El\I L1tiu

1] <;··: 11ni;J1~~1~u ,,1n«i-:i~!?1n\1~1~~ ~-ltl ~'El~ L'°;uui.un~~~ 2 i'J~1L11~t1tJ1::;~Y1fifl1Yin11'l.Jf ~'El'I 6J \Jq ~ , I I

CitJt.!~"1 ~!?1 ~'ElT'Elt11Ni 70.29 1'El'llN\ll-l1 ~'El1Xt1'1 L1-t1un~lJYI 1 ~r11 L'U~t1tJ1~~Vlfifl1~n1'i. .f ~tl\I L;tlu l o I

.,,. " c:il I .... .... • .... .I ... - """ .. " 0 .. ~tit.JIN:-; 62 .04, ~'El-lL1tJ'Un~l.JV\ 4 l-lr\1L'Uatlu1~~Ylfifl1~n11 L5llVl'El\IL1tJ'U1'EltJa::: 53 .48 LL~t~1t1!?1 $9\t)

I l I

~?:l~L1trun~~Y1 3 ~r11L'tl~utJ1~~vii!l1Vin111~~'El~L1uu 1'Elua::; 51 .88 Lil'El1'J>.JYlnn~l-J~::;~ ~ , ~

' rl1 L'U~utJ1~~Ylfil'l1~n11'lsn~'El~ LWUL vl1 ntJ,t)tJ~~ 56.22

., 1 riu Lvi1nu 1.1 ~111\1Ll-ll9l1 iX'El..:iL1uu1un~l-ltltJ1::;n?JtJ~':lt1~'El~L'1uu'lu'El1ri11L1'uu112.J 1 (CB 1 l

~ . I

0 ii cjj " " " .... .... ,,1'U'l'U 16 Vl'El'I ~'ElVl'El~ CB 1205 (L"llL'U~1:::fl1~L1tJ'UVl 2) 1206, 1301, 1302, 1305, 1307, 1401, I ... I

1402, 1405, 1406, 1407, 1501, 1502, 1505, 1506 LL~::: 1507 ~~i14tlU1~~uVl11i1\lrlULU'W 2 n~l-J , ~ I ~ I

U'EltJ ~'El~'El--i L'1uuenu1~YJuVi 52 l91111-:i L>.J~1 ~1U'JU 2·· ~?J-:i 'il~11n11i.sn~uV1l9l1l-lLnru'Vll1i'El~'El'I~::: ,.., GI 1,1 ci Jl..J o t..,

LYl'ln'l.J 52/1 .1 = 47.27 Vl'l''El 47 ~'U LL~!::Vl'El'IL1tl'U4tlU1@1YiUVl 56 Cll111'3L'-JCll1 ,,1'U'lU 14 Vltl~ 'f)f11'l'1 ... I

n11Lojf~uVi i;J tl~'tl\1~1 2.J Lnruenl-J11n1~1U~!::LYi1ntJ 56/1 .1 = 50.91 Vl°1'El 50 r!U

( "" I C II I

2.2 \X'El'1LttJUYliJ4tlU1@l~'UVlL'n~tl 104 f11111~L'-JCll1 rl"l1l-l"'l1:::Vl~1\I 51-99 f>'IU ~UVlffl'ElUn~n~'"' ' ...

1 r1U Lvl1rlU 1.1 f111'1~Ll,Jf11' ~'f)~L'1t1u1un~lJUU,~n'EltJ~"ltJ~'El~L1t1u'lu'El1fil 1 1L1uu1'J~ 1 (CB 1) 4 .

~1U"lU 7 ~fl~ ~'El~'El\l CB 1303, 1304, 1403, 1404, 1503, 1504 LL~~ CB 2309 (L'1L'il"t-l1!'.:!11rl 2)

.

r ' " '"" GI l911~~nru'Y1~11J11tJ1Uf11'tlVlt1'l~:::Lvi1nu 108/1 .1 = 98.18 Vl1'El 98 r1U ciS

100

~ ""' u ""' ... 11ji'fl'i i'l''1B.ull 17 QU1Jll 1 lJQ'UltJ'U 2537

. " .

1 f'IU Lvi1rltJ 1.0 (;1111\ILlJ(;l't \Xt)..:i~uu1un~l.JiltJ1::nfltJ~')tJ\Xt)~L1tJu41U')U 13 ~tl~ ~t)L\Jt11Pl11 ~

""' o II <Ill II 'I"' L1UU1"ll.J 2 (CB 2) ~"'IU'lU 12 ~'fl._, Pltl~'fl-3 CB 2104 (~-JI L1l~1::fl1fil 2), 2402, 2403, 2404, 2.502,

2503, 2504, 2602, 2603, 2604, 2608, 2312 LLfi::lXfl\ILU CB 1 41U"lU 1 ~t1~ ~fl 1103 (liL1lYi1:: I ' II If t ........ t ... .., .... I\ ..............

!'l1filLj'f..l\JVI 2) "tJ L1l~tJ~'fl-3L,UU ~Unfi>.IU~::lJ~U1"~UVI 124.92 i;t1,1..:!Ll.Jl111

. " .. . .., .. t;itfl,,,'fl~i;J1l.J Lnru-n,,::LV11nu 124.92/1.0 = 124.92 ,_.,1'Cl 124 Plu

" 1 ~u Lvi1nu o.9 i;i111'3L>-.11J11 ~f.l~(;uu'lunq>-.1utJ1::ntltJ"'Ju~tt'3L1uu'lu'fl1fil1,L'1uu1"ll.J 2 (CB 2)

. " ~1u'Ju 5 ~'fl-3 ~'fl ~'fl..:i CB 2201 . 2301 , 2401 , 2501 LLfi:: 2601 L"1tJL1l~tJ~fl-3L1tiu'lun~l.Jil,,::i'.i . ~

..,t .... .r I

-nu1"1YiUV1 222 111111.:iLt1!111 ~i;i11n11'l-D~uV\tJi'fllX'fl..:i1111i.JLnru'1~::Lvi1nu 22210.9 = 246.67 ,,,;.'fl 246 li'1U

• • Lil'fl~~11ru1 Llliuu L V1ut1LL~fi::nf4>-1~tl-3L'1uu'l uurJ1~::111fil~::Yiu~1 'l W11fil L1uuY1 1

~

' .r t I

~f.l'3L1uu1un~iiVi 1 (11u1ti1fil"l1>-1i t>JLnu so FiUl i1t111111n11"l-D~uVl~-3~" ~'flLiu~t1;t1t1fi:: 75.61

I I I ' • iii ..... t; ...... II .... • I ...

'1fltl~:: 45.82, nYillJVI 3 1'tltlfi:: 33.40 LLfi::1111~f'ln~l.JYI 4 1'CltJ~:: 22 .37 LL~::Li.Jt11'JlJYlnnYillJ fil1L1l~tl ·~ 1 ~ 1 -~

" I I l

ifl'(f111n111-D'YiuY1~~Lvi1nu1itiu~~ 45.86 ~1n~1n1f'lL1uuvl° 1

' ' " L~'C>~~11ru1LllitJ1JLVlUULL~~:::n~~L~tJ~1"1L1l;U4!Jt1~~..:i 2 fl1f'IL1uu~:::~u11ntjlJ S I tf I I I

oQj GI I 41 ... 'I ..,.... ... di t.f d I ... t; • ...

vi 1 l.J~1L'ilfit1t111111n11' ~-J!YiUYl~'1~lilf'l'Cl 1''tlt1fi:: 70.44 1t1'1~'1>-.11"t:in~>-JY1 2 1t1Ufl~ 49.06, nqlJYl 3 I I I " . . .... " . ....... .., ...

1t1tlfi~ 38 .02 LL~:::(f11~i;1 nqlJYl 4 1t1tJ~:: 23.39 f'l1 L'U~tl1'llJ LV11 nUjfltJ~::: 51 .07 "1~(;1111-3 LL~~

101

~ .J v .J ... 11'iff1'l ffilt; .uVl 17 ~'UlJVl 1 lJQ'U1tJ'U 2537

~ ~ ~'1L'ni!Ji'i;t4i'10141 '\ ,YYluVi'lX't.l-3Li!J \J {% ) '"'il\l~'i!J u ..., ' ...,

I Cll . ·<Rt

nfli.JYl 1\1FIL'7!.IU ll.1 fl L 'i.!J U L'nfl!J ,,. i.J1 ti L ~fl q ..

• ' ..., : ' 41 •

2 ll1AL~ttu YI 1 YI .2 · .;

' .... 0

1 75.61 65.27 70.44 ( ) rl 1L'U~ U~1'U')'U I

•

~ {38) {32) (35) un~nM'l Yi Lon'lLULi '

2 52 .29 45.82 49.06 ,Xie)~ L~U'Ul?i'f)i 'J L:W~

(51) (44) (48)

3 42.64 33 .40 38.02

(51) (41) (46)

4 24.4 22 .37 23.39

(60) (55) (58) I ...,

fl1 L'il~ !.I * 55.82 45.86 51.07

(46) (40) (43) . -

75.61 80

70 65.27

60 45.82

,_ _________ __,

50

40 33.4 _ ________ _

30 ____ 2_4._4 --22 31

20

10 " . '

0

• ..J nf!JJ 'Vl 1

• .,j n Ai.JYI 3 •

102

i] ..J u ..J ... 11'l'1'1'l CY~1i. YI 17 ~UlJYI 1 lJO'U1tl'U 2537

'

' ' ' ~n~1 2534 ~~Yiu~1 ~'tl~L1ucun~iJVi 1 ijr11L'tl~uu1~~vifi111Yin11'li~ieJ~1'tlu~:; 62 .04 ijr11L'tl~tJ

q

' ~'tl~ L~t.J'U1'tltJ~~ 23 .39 r11 L'tl~tJ1'liJU1~~YlfiJ11Y'ln11'l i~'fl-l L1tJULvl1 nu1'tltJ~~ 56.22 LL~~€i;i11 .

" ' n11 L ~ YJcuVi~'tl~ ~t.J'UL vJ1 nu ~'tltJ~~ 51 .07 ~-l [;1111~ LL~~ LLCJ'U.fJij

' -nftaJVl • 1

2

3

4

A"lL'M•!J

tl~tiflfin1wn1'1'1.1iM''t'l-iL1Eu < % )

62.04

70.29

51 .88

53.48

56.22 . -

tf LLJ'Uf71

"1 L 'fl~ EJ~')JJ'!JfJ..JUfJ..J L1EJ'UY1nUfl..JL1-EJun..JVIJJPJ •

80 62.04

60

40

20

0

' ... ' ... ns" vi 1 "f!"'r! 2 •

103

.. . A'1L'1li!J

.,, «'I .,,,x -'t'l6lrtn1~"11wufl (%)

70.44

49.06

38.02

23.39

51 .07

53.48

38.02

23.39

•,

' .. . ... ntt"vi 3 """'rl 4 • •

~..I "' ..I " 11llrl'i ff~Ti.uVl 17 ~UUVI 1 lJQtllVU 2537

j I

1. ~fl'3L1uuYIL.rlun11~Lf'l11~t-f LUU~tl'IL'1uuV1'l;''U,,tJ1t1Lut:i1"111L1uu11Ji.1 1 LL~~fl1f'l 11

c;tJ'U1'JlJ 2 ~1'U")U 41 iX'fl~ L~t14'(;)LLU'3~fl'3'tlflnLlJU 4 n~l.J i;J1)J'!JU1~~U~LL~~fi>1'J1)J,~1'U'JU i!n ~ ntt1 t~t1'l i Lnruenl.J1 r;i1~'IU1l'fl'1V1tJ'l~J.J,.,,1~viu1~u t un114' ~LL ti~

" 2. tl1:;~V1fin1Yin1,-'lcniXt1'1L'1t1u ,..1nn11~n~1Yiu'i1 'luu11~1~tfl~L1tJuv1'1 4 n~i.i ~fl~l1uu1.u

~

' 1lU1~"'l1lJ"!Un~n~1L1l~tltJi'tl~fl'1 51 - 99 '°1U

j I ... ti ~ - ti tJ tJ al I ~ " ... " .... I Q )J 1:;riV1fifl1Yin11 ~'.ll\.1tl~L1tJU~~-~(;t f'l1L1l~tJ1'fltl~~ 70.29 1'tl~~~J.J1'°1'tl "1tl'1L1tJ'Un~lJVl 1 1JU1~

" I I I I

YluYlti;itJL'il~tl 55.50 i;!111-lL)Ji;11 tt!U1~f'l'J1)J~Un~ni=t1L'tl~tJr;i'tl~'il~L~LnU 50 f'l'U i'.jp;)1L'il~U 1

tJ,-~~Vlfin1Yin1,-'l;'~t)~LTtJU~tltl~~ 62 .04, ~'tl~L1-uun~J.J~ 4 1l'U1~~U~L(;)t.JL'tl~tJ 222 (;1111-ll)J(;I')'

., ~ ..J I "' .r ~- I .... I ..J • I ~ - ., "' " " 1JU1 ~f'l"J '))J,Un fl! n1!n L 'tlatJ i;J'i)~'f)~ 200 f'1'U1JU lU )Jfi>)") L1latJuT:;riVlfif11Yin11 L 'D~'fl-31fltJa~ 53.48

LL~~~·~(;) ~t)~tl-:i(;u'Unq)J~ 3 11U1'1~U~L~f.IL'U~tJ 124.92 !J\111~Ll.J!Jl1 4!1U1'1~'J1l.J,irn~ni=t1

• tJ,-:;aV1fifl1Yin111.i~'fl~ L1tJUL(;)f.J L'U~tJ1tltia:; 56 .22 .

" I I I "' I

3. t)i;i11n11'li~UYl~fl~L;tJU ~1nn11~n~1 VitJ'i1~fl'3L1tiu'lun~l..IVl 1 nFil1L'il~t1t1r;i11n11'liYluYI 1

I '

LU~'fl'2L1uu~~~i;11flt.1~::; 70.44 ''tl'3a~l.J1~'tl~'fl~L1tiu'lunq).JVI 2 ,\1L11~t1~'flt1~:; 49.06 iXtJ~L1uu I I . t I t 1

'lun~i.iVI 3 "°'1 L'U~t1¥'flt.1~::: 38.02 LL~:;~1~~~'fl ~'fl~ ~uu1un~).JVI 4 ~1L'U~tl;t:iu~:; 23.39 Liltfl1')2.l ' ~ , I al .... '\ .,.t ..,j ..J "

Vlnn~).J l.Jt:ir;i11 n11l"ll~UVlL'Tl~tJ1t:it.1~::: 50.07 ' ~

I

y,.,-::;,.,'f))JLn~1fiU1i; LL~'Ji1~fli-3 Ln"Vltl1~~17n.l1 3 tJ1:;n11 ~fl t; J' I

4.1 ~~tJ1~~V1fi111Vin1,-'li~'fl~L'1tlULL~~t1~11n11''l6ii'nuYl~11~~fJU ttl'fl-3~Cl"\UULVl"1 tut~u I I

~,::;~f)).J Ln~1fJU~; ij,.)1 L'tl~UPl'flUi1-3tJ-3nrl1~ C11UU~~).J;1nl!t1~U 1 L~nU'flt.l (tJn L 1ut1r;i11n111 i

~'fl-3 'U11U1tl1J'tl~ ).J fl!'J . U 1::;~ 1ui1i;i1) ~1n n11LmU1.J L VltltJttl tl~~ 1'U~(t.J ~ rl1UU n'fl" LL~U~1 'U

~1t!n~1ut:ifin11u~ ~"'1'1Y1u1~uf'l;uP1;uY1-r~t1~ tJ1:::~1ui)r;i1 (11u~1un11;1nl!t1'1LP111:::l-f~tll-J~ '

~1U'il1fi'l11~ n1uVI LL~:::n1' 1 iu1:; tu61!U~tl'I LTtJU ).J\.11~Vltl1 aufll1uPi;UVl1~L1~ u1:::~1un1J11 n ' "

n11~n~1 2534 J11{PIL~t1uYI 1, 2535 : 22) 'lun1ru11'fl~~'tl~U1'1u1utJ11n~i'3u

104

~..J "' ..J ... ll<jtlll ff\1ti.lJYI 17 ilUU'Vl 1 lJ()UlU'U 2537

1

,

'

' Lnru'V1Yi1flun1 1~ L"'111~iX 80.0 80.0

62 7 36.4

52 7 38.8

53.2 26 6 .... ' 'JLf"111~~ Yi .Pl . 2523

• 480 15 7 .... '

'JL~11~~ Yi Pl . 2524

496 47.3

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