STAR VALLEY HISTORICAL SOCIETY

HISTORICAL BOOKS INVENTORY DETAILS

1. Overview

Title: The Mormons in Wyoming and Idaho: Lincoln County

Author: Maude Burton

Subject: LDS Church

Publisher:

Publishing Date:

Number of Pages: 7

ID#: 216

Location: Website

2. Evaluation

Evaluator's Name(s): Polly Erickson

Date of Evaluation: October 2014

Key Words: Stump Creek, Swift Creek, Crow Creek, winter of 1889-90

Included Names: David T. Rainey, Lehmberg family, Welch family, Charles D.Cazier, Archibald Gardner, William Burton, Constance Eggleston, Alice J. Call,Anson Call. Arthur Roberts

3. Svnopsis

After a brief description of Star Valley, the author provides information onthe early settlers and the challenges they faced. Many people are named. Onesection is entitled "Women of the Valley." Fourteen individuals are given specialattention. "Men and Industries" tells of the development of mills, mercantileestablishments, and other industries. The first school started in 1886/87. Othersfollowed. Mail carriers and freighters played an important role. The hard winter of1889-90 created desperate conditions for people and their animals.

4. Other

*In some places, the copy is hard to read - faded or blurred.

"'"Jhy ±^5. IN ].rOLWG jUJD ID;\IIO NtclJ

IBuk-tafj Lincoln County - .JStc-.r Vr :icy - Star Valley consists of tv:o small valleys each about five or six milesby tvGi:!;7,-fiTe, lying in .the reatern part of V^yoming, united by a narrow pass and -;surroundod by high timbered mountains. The steep hillsides of the canyons make ita favorite haunt for doHr, antelope, elk, and other vide animals that find an abund-an-a supply of feed in the grassy meadors. Buffalo mllov;s are found alao»

Salt RiTcr heads in the nountaina at the southeast end of the valley and flor^a north-TJard through both fertile valleys. In early times Indians roamed at rill the "heapfine hunting gnounds" and adventurous trappers secured good catches of the finestfurs, '̂hether from tradition or sad experience, Indiana, trappers and explorers alike,believed that human bein-s and domestic animals rould perish in the long cold v-inters,for the ,snor fell from October to Ikiy, and sometimes six feet deep, r.-ith temperaturesoften 40 to 50 degress belor zero. The suimricrs, on the contrary, roro balray and in-vitingi

The Lander Trail, a out-off from the Old Oregon Trail, entered the valley from thoaouthoast, crossed Salt River about six or eight miles dor-n tho valley, andheaded for Stump Crcok Cayon, its northern outlet. Over this historic trail omi-

^ grants pccccf? on their rostrr.rd trek to tho Golden Test, They -stopped for a fordays to r^c^t their reary teams, and at such times related pioneer expcricncca thatv.erc thrilliaj^ly interesting. Entering Stump Creek, tho road passed the salt 'works,rhcrc nature had deposited an iramonso aal'^ bed. From here in early daya, aMr. Stump supplied salt on contract to points in Oregon and "V-ashington. Engaged in

:• "delivering this salt vath a ten-mule team v:as one David V.', i?ainoy, rho later bccameone of the early pioneers of the valley. This salt vein is traceable for nearlya hundred milca and in the Cror Creek area great blocka of it have been minod».

It ras a hazardous undertaking, in the spring of 1879, Then a compony includingJokn S, Rolph, Viilliaa Heap, John Hill, Frank Croas, Horoni Hunt, Gash Hunt andJohn T.ilkcs locat©'? in Stftr Valley# The Hunts and John T.ilkca returned tothe Upper Valley, und aottled on the cast side on the south bank of a large crook,rhich has sincc boon named Srdft Crook, They built t^cc log cabins about tro milosrest from the cast mountains. Some of the men then returned to Bear liikc Valley andgot their rives and children, T^is ras a trip of sevcnty-fivo miles and rctui^ni riilittle 6r no roads for about half the distance, They brought eight ragons vriththem, and the trip required over three recks. The Montpclicr Creek had to be fo4*dcdtv;cnty-six times in a distance of six miles. Often furrors had to be plovrad on ^hcside hills for the upper rhccls, to keep the ragons from tipping over rlth their'loads of household furnishings and supplies of feed. The little colony numberedtrcnty-aeven sobIs, rhich included the colony in the loror valley.

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The v-lnter of 1879-80 ras serious for these inexpericnood settlers. In the fall - ^it rr.s impcrativj that they securc supplied from outside the valley for their noods vduring the iTintcr months. Accordingly they securcd provisions from Montpolicr andon their ray home rcre overtaken by a heavy snor storm, rhich corapcllod them t ocashe most bf their provisions in Beaver Canyon, about midray bctrroon the valley .and Hontpclicr» It ^t.s T.lth groat difficulty that they made their ray to the cabinsTdth a fimalj portion of supplies. Their plight ras serious, ainco tho anoi? ras too >•<-deep for the teams to make their ray. The only alternative raa to make skiis or 'snor shoea and carry the cashed supplies home on their backs, otherrriac they facodstarvation. ^ . -

O, 'In August, 1879, anothc^ small colony located on the rest side of the valley near .Stump Creek, They entered the valley from that canyon v;hioh had a better road bed,.but rhich T.as not conveniently rcadhcd from Bear lake or Utah settlementa# In thisoolony-^rr" Jr.nea and Spm Sj-b^ets and families, Jacob Grover, Harmon Lohlnboi'gi i^vid •

- •-•• b- Fen ahd and seme tr^ippcrs tvho loan moved tirayo """ •Motiej/ V/eic,l\ •

• "biinc Mosc Thatchcr. accomnaninl Ki/t u

p, Krts.'̂ iiiuVsnsf;.;: ?•"*»- p-«; X

^^sssamBmsmfSir-thcso articlos X7oro taken to Montpolior and oxehnneod <•«,. 2, .? * °'°°TOro thoir only moans of travel. Astrong man ooufd cfrry ?mv t' f°<=®pounds T/oight. Mon, women and ohildron c.ll skiiod. ^ aovonty

and produood o.bundStly. clc ^ortlin^fLIr®™ f gardon'thrivedEsr-""" •'" s; S'.r^srar;. sii-

S«":.r°ny"Mod°'bS'S:^ Siriii™" '• •"*"• >•»«>».:UU .ull'lTtltX is.TitmSr 'T' "°""°' """•They learned to tan elk and deer hides and from them made shirts <rinTrn<,

1883^^^^ seve^e^ ^hen '̂sprLrcLfIh^r^nrtVI fhoots of green grass wakened the^ infte^ of gi^nrtLr"died, John Ulkes rode then=«aining horse ioirCh-^Ses for h'^ for tfsouroos rere oxhc.usted. Friends oame to their rescue -ad fittefnn f^ugonv^th v,feioh the settlers T,ero returned to Bear .Ukc._ Thus eLod'thiroolony.^£0^tarj^]_cy - By the spring of ,1885 only two fan!lies. Lehinberr.-, and•elohea, renamed in Upper Star Valley and ivere looatod near :::ty.c'p Cre-V. later

caxlsr- oterlin- and still la^cr Auburn, Grant Campbell io-.r-d th='̂ ir 188A---n :nf.le' south.

oame>:-dmov;^t^BlSn£t\^LaTL'e' iniheaceo.pa-ied b-- his son. charlc/arcr.ie^rrnd iL'fB:'gl

f''" Creek vaeated by Vilkes and the Hunts the i-«ar beforran^staked

I th^ iBB r-Aiton. The to^vnslte vas aur-^eyed bv Hpnr-r M, H,^rmnn in IRRn TT,-, n.,,,as^.e_4^harleOTTaHCTrrOT ^calculations ver0 made from the noonday sun, tFe'~nortTr~star~tf~T^f'̂ t^Tr^

r'ln- aurvfly ttirefl mr,r, lr.t-.«y.n^- f about seven feet, shifting it to the east and-- ^•-~-~:±•i^Li::i^J,_g '̂'--•-f'-'̂ '̂ ^•:h of a block, or oontainlng two and one-half aores". '

%L fI j

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sold for vl«00 oaoh« The fertile soil ras shallor over a gravel and coment baso>and roquirod T.titer tomise vegetables and other crops. The mter rus plentiful butunavailable until the city canal ras construotcd in 1886-87. Previous to this>each family had a Tater barrel and all T.'ater ms hauled from Svdft Creek*

Harvey Dixon built the first house on tho tovnci site of Afton in 1885. This vjas cflog construction and r/as located on TjJaatvwas later the southv/est corner of tovflisurvey. Bernard Parry also cane in 1885 and the follovdng nev/comers in 1886:Lucius Hale, l.n. H, Konnington, Sr., Wn. T.'. Burton, Sara Bartlett, John Bartlett,Jaracs Kofocd, liirk Hurd, Charles Groonand mother, Androv/ Carlos l^oCombs, JohnAstlo, Crit T.illiamson, Thomas Ycana ns, Holon Poster, Chas. C. Loavitt, andJohn V.ilkes, v4io had previously spent 1879 to 1884 west of Afton, Orson Ka.Egg]eston and Jamos Harnison*

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Women of tho Valley.» One of tho most outstanding v-Tiinon of tho Star Valley wasConstanco Stephens Eggleston, v;ifo of Orson E. Eggloston, vho had God-given abilityfor. relieving pain and suffering. She yjas alv/ays subject to call# and if a teamwore seen or heard on tho run, day or night, all knov/ that somcono r/as going forSister Eggleston, and that someone was ill, had mot with an accident, or that anev/ baby 7/as coming to tov/n. This capable woman rendered hor services generously*If the fanily wore poor, there vxas no charge; othorvdse it might bo vl.OO, andnever more than 05.00. She served the community for over fifteen years, officiating at the birth of more than four hundred babies.

Harriot Cazier, v/ife of Charles D. Cazier, first,president of the Afton ReliefSociety in 1887, was long known folr her charitable deeds. She freely gave ofher services to the poverty stricken, brought hope and cheer to the sorrowful,nursed tho sick, and served as undertaker when the grim reaper took his toll»

Kittie E, Dixon, v;ifc of Harvey Dixon, served the community mth her skill as aweaver. She was the first lady to serve as a school trustee in the valley, andin August, 1892, vjhon Star Valley Stake t:xxs organized^ she became tho firstRoliof Society Stake President.

Susan Harmon, plural v^ifc of Harvey Dixon and lady of the first house built onAfton tovmsito, could spin or weave linsoy or lovely carpets. Her son, AlfredT;as tho first child born in Afton.

Sarah Ann Fielding Burton, plural wife of »*m. V.* Burton, -v^o was the only v;hitowoman to livo c.11 v;intor in a tent, 1886-87, v;as knoxTn for her spirituality a ndcourage. She vas a most genial hostess, ontortaining such dignitaries asGovernor John E. Ogborno, who spent a v/cck at hor home.

Charlotte Cook Hale, plural wife of Aroct Hale, kndw how to saile thi^ough hertears. She almys had a good Joke or a funny yarn to tell her firends, whichoften relieved a tense situation.

Lyde Lee Hale, wife of A. |(ucius Haloi was similar in character to Aunt Charlotte.

Annie Konnington, vife of tSn. H. Konnington, vtvs one of tho early school teachersin Star Valley,

Sarah A. Hurd, rlfo of liark Hurd, has made Star Valley her home since 1886i Shesmilingly nursed many a patient back to health, and she has served in officialpositions in many of the auxiliary orgianziations of the Afton r-ard

Ellen Burton, plural v.lfe of Vf, Burton, was a charming little lady viio assisted in the sale of merchandise when the supplies wore removed from the Tra.gons andtent into a room of her home, as the first merchandising project#

A ' .Aiico J. Call, vrifc of Anaon V. Call, ms an active public spirited vcaaan and adrossnakcr« In ease of death, she made the burial clothes and triniaod the casket,vMch^faa made by her husband. She v.-as assisted in this task by her daughters, "Faud and Ella, She r-as an excellent teamster, and one year, taling tw or threeof the scalier children, she drove the team to Salt Lake City, attended the OctoberConference, secured a load of supplies for winter, and drove home— a throe voektrip. She made more costumes for dramas, parades and pageants than any otherroman in the valley. She could plor, sov; and harvest, as v;ell aa do many otherfarm jobs. She, possibly more than any other y/oman, did more for the bettermentand uplift of the higher ideals and finer things of life, in the drama sher egularly took part for many years.

Sxisan Cazicr, wife of Chirlcs 0, Cazier, vjas a quiet, humble and sincere woman#

Isabel Astlc, wife of John Aatle, was a Mormon handcart pioneer, and rode horseback from Hontpelier ir/hen she came to Star Valley in 1887,

^rtha E, Roberts, v/ifo of Arthur Roberta, came to Star Valley in 1889 and engagedin the mercantile business,

Men and Industios • J&st of the men v/ho came in 1880-1890 seemed to fit into thecommunity life liko cogs into a vAieel, by adding a needed industry to the settlement, in addition to their home building and farming a ctivities, Harvoy Dixon andSam, Cazier constructed and up-and-doTOi saw. It vas a crude affair but it suppliedboards for cabin floors and doors in 1885-86, In the fall of 1886, Crit Tdlliam-.son, -Thoa, xcanon^ JTolon Sostnr oqdo to-the valley, bringing a atean savmill.Thoy brought tv;o yoke of oxen belonging to ilr, '»dlliamson, vjho was the firstblacksmith in the valley. This mill was located in Grover Canyon and soonlumber for building purposes,

Archibald Gardner, kno7,-n in Utah as the "lail Builder,"Came in 1888 andtjstablished the first flour mill, the first shingle mill and the second aavanill.Some savdng and grinding was done in 1889, and in the 'A-ork of constructing andoperating these Mils Sy3.vcster Low played an important part until he moved toAlberta, Canada, when in 1889 he ms succeeded by Brigham L, Gardner,

TTm, Vr, Burton the pioneer merchant of Star Valley, came in 1886 bringing, inaddition to household goods, a supply of needed merchandise with the intentof establishing a business*- There were a few supplies sold in the colonyestablished in 1879-80 at Stump Creek. Mr, Bm-ton and his son Heber spent thebalanv-^c of the summer, up to October, havJing with tv:o teams from Ogden, Utah,the hon?. >hold furnishings, some farm machinery and,additional supplies ofmerchanaicc. Goods v/ere sold first from a "Covered '.agon." then from a tent;until the oummer of 1887, T.iien the house, a t^vo-room log structure, vas conpletedand the T.icrchandise T«as moved from the tent to occupy part of one room; iierethe store remained until its removal early in 1889 to the new Burton Storeconstructed of logs on the main street of Afton. This was the first storebuilding erected in Star Valley, and into it T.-as also moved the post office, whichhad been temporarily located at the home of Bishop Charles D, Cazier, Tdth hisson l.m, H. Cazier as postmaster. In the new store building, Thomas F,^ton served as the first clerk r.nd also as assistant postmaster. • At about this

time the Indians, finding they also finding they could securo supplies hero,increased the business considerably. The emigrants, passing through on the oldLander Trail, found ancdditional sourco of supply which add(5d to the volume ofbusiness. The. settlors, as in the past, had but little cash, but they tradedavailable goods or services» At this time, and during the year or tvo following,the Burtons advised thr; rilldng of cows for the production of butter as a sourceof cash income on^ hn-cx. leaking preparations for handling this product inoxch^ge for -.Tierchcndisw, They wore now dealing mth other commodities,taking acow, a pig. L\ oliMC ;, cr eL'lekens in exchange for fomily suppiics;^ Thcr pToJcof•

, • stopped up sales. And it did Boro thant..xS. It brought atjontioa to tho fact that Star Valloy ma a dairy possibility •'

ins,;s.srss.:!Afton in 1887, bringing in one vjigon of

supplies, oarpontor tools, and some hardwo itnos.do built a oabxn. In ono ond of tho oabin was his TOrk bonoh. Ho built a turninglathe nth rtiioh ho mado household articles to trade for nilk, moat, etc. In thosumor of 1888 ho built a tv-o-roon frtune houso. It ms very distinctive in contrastrath the log cabins. Lunber now was available, and ho took many contracts for thobuilding of frano atructuros. In tho fall of 1888 his brother, Josooh H. Call,movod to Star Valley and the following year they went into tho buildingbusinoss togothcr. Thoy vicro now knorm as Call Brothers, and aviththo help of their sons, built most of the framo houses and barns in tho twovalleys. After making various furniture items, they began importing furnitureand established the first furniture store in Star Valley. A little Isbcr theyaccepted the agcncy of the Coop Tagon and Machine\Company and supplied the settler s"RLth farm implements. About this time Josph H, Built the first anusemort hall inAfton,

V7CLSArthur Roberts in 1889 built the second store and bc^an business. H^iaterjoined •--- .lis brother hos H, Roberts, and they operated under the name ofRoberta Ir--,. Archie R. Hoffat came to the valley in 1887 and later on beganbuying or crading for produce and disposing of it to the miners at tho Alma mine,near Ev:?.nston, Vyoming. T.illiam Blanchard came in 1888 and vas the first torepair shoes c>.nd harness. He also made shoes and iaoots of elk and deer hide.Ho vas a gifted violinist and vas the important "first party" at dances and dramas.Me made some violins, ono of native wood and others of hard wood, secured fromboards of an old bedsteads Eli Loo came about the same time as ^'illianBlanchard ^d was a good violinist. Robert' (Bob) Gee came in 1887 and was anexcellent daller for dances* Our cancos at this time v/ero practically allquadrilles. K. Cranney ms tho first doctor in Star Valley. Ho had prvious-ly practiced in Logan, Utah. lachaol Yeaman y«xs in all probability the firstresident of tho valley to serve as a lowyor. Arthur B. Clark was txho first dentist here and served the people in both valleys in extracting teeth. Ho was alsoa violinist and musician, and many have been entertained by hds singing.

Schools - The first school hold in Star Valley was during the winter of 1886-87in tho homo of Charles Grecnand his mother. The sessions lasted six woeks,primarily to sccuro an enrollment of pupils in order to have a school districtorganized m the valley^ Sc.mo Bartle^t was the teacher. There wore practicallyno books, and tho attondancc \ms irregular.

A log mooting house was completed in 1887 and at once became the school house'^^oo!; addition to the "Meeting House." Hero in the winterof 1887-8 tho first sc ool was held under school laws with ^'illiam G. Durtonof Svnaston as ter.cher. For books they used anything they could bring from homo.Several used the sane book. Rarely weretivo books alike. Anson Bowen Call taughtthe school during the winter of 1888-89, and follovang him Anson V. Call, aniversity of Utah graduate, was the teacher. He taught school many vdnters in

iifton, tc-ching advanced students in mathematics, history, and gracanar. Hq also'sonrcd as deputy county superintendent of schools. The schools in the early yeardwore forccd to closo for short periods duo to blizzards and heavy snoY/s. Frommany hones there wore no roads. The children followed cattle trails ortramped trails o.f their ofji: through the deep snow. The driftsa^ost oovcrei tho or.i:r,s. Stops had to be mado before children could loavo hono,

-f-'-r iJoys reached tho school. Sono suramor schools worehold for obc i!rxiij...or .«r.M;.-oa. Jinnio R. Konningtonj the first lady toaohor, and

ISattic Barrua served as teacher#

"v"'^ building horo. Iho logs wro hov,„ on allfu" " horing TO3 done by a Kr. Shaoffor and, though now so smooth onpcrfoot from ond to end as if sawod. It tos built by tho

5 +r i settlors in tho valloy, and tos looatod noar tho southeastV , ,1 present grado school building in Afton (1946), It had a rough

™rf24 f '?? ° ®ho dimensions of tho baaoTOro 24 foot by 40 foot, Ihoro wore two double sash vdndov/s of 10 x 12 inohUghts .on each sido of tho building and a rough board floor in tho middle of

sorvod as a stage and onit tho first drtcia in Star Valley was presented in tho nintor of 1888-89. Ihotitle of this first dram v®s "The Charcoal Burner". Popular anusonoqts wroaa^os, quilting bees, oandy pulls, rag sovdng boos, vdth now and then a birthdayparty or a surprise for good measure. Then to round out tho sports calondar,they held shooting matchos and horse races and sometimes "just visitod."

Incidents ^ Pioneering- of Star Valley- Up to the year 1888 there was nocomunication service, no »aail or passenger servico in Star Valley. In the^nter men made the trip of one hundred niles on snow shoos. One year, the secondlol; of mail roco^ed reached Afton about the middle of April and brought newsto v.illiam ^ Burton of the death of his daughter Julina Ikiy on the 18th of

early settlers had similar experiences. In tho spring cf1888 the people hired A. Lu Hale to carry mail from Montpelier, His son Hoe and

t vf? Fred assisted him in this work. I^te in the summer a mail route wasestablished u+iich gave semi-v/oekly service under the contract hold by V, H. Pease,wh^h vjas sub•contracted to A. Lu nalo and his former aide, This necessitated 'better camping places along tho mountain roads. Leaving the valley via Crow Crookanyon, the trail followed a few small spots of natural mep.dov; vdiich made good fair

woather camps. It led over Qualking Asp Ridge, Door Creek, Old Couzons Ranch,the old Salt <«orks, ^-hite Dugimy, Half !.ay, Samsons Tree, Beaver Divide, Beacor^^n, ihonas Fork Creek, .Caveens Retreat, V^hiskcy Flat and Camp Give Out.iTiis last camp consisted of a shelter vdth dirt roof and dirt floor and a smalldoor about three feei by five feet, a little windov/ in the south end, and a bunkframo underneath the window where many a weary traveler enjoyed a peaceful andmuch needed rest. A small box stove that gave warmth and supplied heat to000.C a sir.;plc, frugal meal mado it seem like homo. The trail procoedod andrcashed Snow lide, leaving which it entered tho North Park of Montplier Canyon,then on down to the turn in this canyon six miles from Montpelier, and in theseSIX miles the road crosaod the creek twenty-six times; two miles dovm the canyon

passed the Titter Falls whore a small stream plunges about forty feet over aperpendicular cliff. On the return trip to miss dr-aded Beaver Canyon in wintermth Its heavy snows and mountain divide at both ends, the long winding roaddlimbed the divide out of Thomas Fork Canyon, took the %los Turnisablo andthen sco6ted dov^-n "Hell's Divo."This is a one viay road, and compared vdth it,a scenic railmy seems uninteresting.

The mail carriers* and freighters' task were difficult and drxgerous. Duringsono seasons it ms ncccssary to transfer all loads from T.-agons or buckboardsto sie.d several times onroute. The mail carriers never charged a passengerextra for walking part my nor for pushing on the wagon up some steep hill.Soldo.", any one ovary conpalinod, for nost of the passengers knew \Ay. On nailearners and freighters r::stcd tho responsibility of keeping tho roads open,cspecic.lly during the winter season. Nearly everyone vidio passed over the routecarried a shovol, a pick and an ax, and aplontiful supply of matchos. Timber "wasplcntiful, a fact that saved many a pioneor from serious suffering due totho cold. i:2any parties were organized to go on the road and ropari certainsoctions thr.t, due to melting snows, had become aL^no.st impassable. The roadlay in throe counties, and the middle county had no particular interest inma.v?a.; a road#

j\ ^ Tho hard isdntor of 1889-90 vtav a most sovoro ono, Tory similar to that of 1883-4A vfccn, as previously statod, tho T-ilkoa and Hunt fnnilios lost all thoir livo-

stook. doto the difforonco botwoon those winters: May Ist, 1890, two foot ofhoavy orustod snow covered tho Afton toivn sito, uliile oa Jiiy 15th. 1834. fiftoon

«oson. tv,o foot of sno,. oovored the sa^o area! asTutod^rJohn snow of 1890 disai-pcarcd ic about five davs and tho ground wasoovcred with tiny spring flowers. • ^ ^

Ihrsun®-r° the people trusted too ir.uoh to having an opon road to I&ntpelier.Produotivo th^n those proooding it. Tho snow fell to agroat doprn. Tho road to Montpolier vaa oonplotoly closed. Kimy horses endcattle TOre dying fron starvation. Pooplo onptied tho hay fron their bed ticksMd evon took the straw fron under their carpets to save the last cow. Sono

mountain ridges,- many of those livod. Others tried todo this irtth their animals, but had loft it until the animals wero'too wook.then took sacks, climbed the mountain slopes and ridgos, pulled tho dried

° and rolled them down to thoir starving animals. In thisml IV- rfV < fooding the cow, thoy

5'®'° ivalloy in the oarly fall of this year, bringing vdth himabout 150 Iiead of cattle. Those he attempted to •winter aleng tho rivT bottom

^^e^o'otL^rh'd'"'"- o" livedthfough thi wi^lr!^ f V oxporionoo in losing every animal. Enoch Venter andthe Iicndriokson brothers, Alfred, Bill, Koto and Fmnk (tho father of those boys

tolf orSeir°^ +t? Battalion and lived horo for some timo) saved about oao-W ° , r horses on tho grass of tho mountain slopes. Thomas P.brno^i^ manner oared for the livestock of his fathor, Tdlliam I.. Burton,of Friln u^+h r carrying on his baek about 40 to 50 poundsto thfPic Uio\nH°R^ mountain side in Swift 6reok Canyon north of and opposite^imls! Boo^ation Grounds (1046). Ho saved about 75 percent of thoIfany families fared little better than did the animals. Pood suddHcs

suitable in Clothing, too. was at a prdmium. Shoes,an^eli ° available, tho slans from tho hook joints of deer^d el., and doad cattle wore worn bv those pionoer men and women and ohildron

^ renoviag the bone, and not splitting tho hide. T^cy i^ftThf lnr.r" of hide above and below, making a tube vAiich is turned inside out.h- V, toos, and tho upper part to fit tho anHowhich Slay bo arranged for lacing. i-" c id iit: une anKio,

th"''holn'̂ ^ ^"0 ®ado his grist mill ready to operate Tdfc"!! '̂̂ our to many Tho roro destitute. Tho

--UrC n • ^ rolievo the food shortage, having shipped into thoy carload of flour. Conditions bocamo oritcal torards spring. The

r " oharge. and started out ^^op'e'n a1 ^-allovicSi tramping, and shoveling of snow.te saved for that part of tho work thft thoyIt of the toans beoaiso oxhousted when within fourteen_..iics 0. iJo|̂ eUer» Tho men, too, vraro ncaring tho end of their strength, and

c^e^ron -wJu" r"° " ^ awaited th^m. Acrew .rora -ontpelior had boon working fron their end of tho road, 0"d tho ti'-o

T ° Canyon. Ihey all wont to Montpolier. whore the boysfr°" oonsideration. The next morning adoigh full of accumulaLd

TOrLu^ o°route to the valloy. while the other teams hauled aorchandiss andbreakup of^^omtain'rSlds'"^llice l'g5l§''ca'!f'lu^°Jn '̂̂ "=

J{C>OU. (f/