Title Page (Grid Tutorial) - EricLaineTitle Page (Grid Tutorial) PROSPER * Nodal-Analysis Software (vended by Petroleum Experts, Ltd) Creating vertical(gas)-lift tables for input to

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You may copy this document (including all “© 2000, Laine & Associates, Inc.” copyright marks) as is, but only for non-profit, personal use. See license agreement for details.

Created for Laine & Associates, Inc. (Errors m

ay exist. Use at your ow

n risk.)

Laine & Associates, Inc.www.EricLaine.com

© 2000

Title Page (Grid Tutorial)

PROSPER *

Nodal-Analysis Software

(vended by Petroleum Experts, Ltd)

Creating vertical(gas)-lift tables for input to

WorkBench

Reservoir Simulation Software

(vended by SSI’s Baker Hughes)

* This tutorial is based on Prosper version 6.00.

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Import Data (PVT.csv)

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Introduction

This tutorial uses Prosper to create vertical-lift tables.

Vertical-lift tables describe the relationships between :gas-liquid ratio,flow rate,water cut, andpressure drop

as liquids and free gas flow from the perforations to the wellhead.

Vertical-lift is sometimes called gas-lift or 2-phase flow.

Preface and Introduction

Preface

Thank you for visiting www.EricLaine.com.

The primary purpose of this document is to serve as a memory aid for the author.Thus, the author is also the target audience. (In other words, the quality of thecomposition is 100% sufficient for me to understand what I wrote.)

The secondary purpose is to share this tutorial with the public. I appreciate thepossibility that the general public may have some difficulty understanding the mypersonal abbreviations and my intuitive logic.

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Laine & Associates, Inc. LICENSE AND WARRANTY NOTICELaine & Associates, Inc. LICENSE AND WARRANTY NOTICE

LAINE & ASSOCIATES, INC. (Laine) LICENSES THIS SOFTWARE TO YOU ONLY UPON THE CONDITION THAT YOU ACCEPTLAINE & ASSOCIATES, INC. (Laine) LICENSES THIS SOFTWARE TO YOU ONLY UPON THE CONDITION THAT YOU ACCEPTALL OF THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CONTAINED IN THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT. PLEASE READ THESE TERMSALL OF THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CONTAINED IN THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT. PLEASE READ THESE TERMSCAREFULLY. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THESE TERMS, PLEASE DESTROY THE DOCUMENT(S) YOU HAVE DOWNLOADEDCAREFULLY. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THESE TERMS, PLEASE DESTROY THE DOCUMENT(S) YOU HAVE DOWNLOADEDIMMEDIATELY.IMMEDIATELY.

The software and documents which accompany this license (Software) are the property of Laine or its licensors and is protected byThe software and documents which accompany this license (Software) are the property of Laine or its licensors and is protected bycopyright law. While Laine continues to own the Software, you will have certain rights to use the Software after your acceptance of thiscopyright law. While Laine continues to own the Software, you will have certain rights to use the Software after your acceptance of thislicense.license.

Except as may be modified by a license addendum which accompanies this license, your rights and obligations with respect to the useExcept as may be modified by a license addendum which accompanies this license, your rights and obligations with respect to the useof this Software are as follows:of this Software are as follows:

YOU MAY:YOU MAY:

(i) have limited permission to copy and distribute this Software, but only for non-profit, personal use, provided there is no charge, fee,(i) have limited permission to copy and distribute this Software, but only for non-profit, personal use, provided there is no charge, fee,etc. for said distribution, and further provided that all copyright marks and all references to Laine & Associates, Inc. and toetc. for said distribution, and further provided that all copyright marks and all references to Laine & Associates, Inc. and towww.www.EricLaineEricLaine.com and to Eric Laine are included in the distribution;.com and to Eric Laine are included in the distribution;

(ii) agree that any decision to use some or all of the contents of this Software rests exclusively on your professional and competent(ii) agree that any decision to use some or all of the contents of this Software rests exclusively on your professional and competentjudgment of the suitability of this Software for your intended purpose. Furthermore you understand and acknowledge that this Softwarejudgment of the suitability of this Software for your intended purpose. Furthermore you understand and acknowledge that this Softwarewas originally intended only to be useful to the author, and that you may experience difficulty understanding or using this Software;was originally intended only to be useful to the author, and that you may experience difficulty understanding or using this Software;and,and,

(iii) use the Software on a network.(iii) use the Software on a network.

LIMITED WARRANTY:LIMITED WARRANTY:

Laine does not warrant that the Software will meet your requirements or that operation of the Software will be uninterrupted or that theLaine does not warrant that the Software will meet your requirements or that operation of the Software will be uninterrupted or that theSoftware will be error free. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED AS IS, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS ORSoftware will be error free. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED AS IS, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS ORIMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESSIMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESSFOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ACCURACY, OMISSIONS, COMPLETENESS, CURRENTNESS, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT.FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ACCURACY, OMISSIONS, COMPLETENESS, CURRENTNESS, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT.THE AUTHOR EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY, WHETHER WRITTEN OR ORAL, THAT THISTHE AUTHOR EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY, WHETHER WRITTEN OR ORAL, THAT THISSOFTWARE WILL BE ERROR FREE OR UNAMBIGUOUS. YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IS AT YOURSOFTWARE WILL BE ERROR FREE OR UNAMBIGUOUS. YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IS AT YOURSOLE RISK, AND YOU AGREE THAT ANY INFORMATION, SERVICE OR PRODUCT, WHETHER BASED IN PART OR IN WHOLESOLE RISK, AND YOU AGREE THAT ANY INFORMATION, SERVICE OR PRODUCT, WHETHER BASED IN PART OR IN WHOLEON THIS SOFTWARE, IS WITHOUT WARRANTY, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED.ON THIS SOFTWARE, IS WITHOUT WARRANTY, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED.

Agreement (1 of 2)

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Agreement (2 of 2)

Laine & Associates, Inc. LICENSE AND WARRANTY NOTICE, continuedLaine & Associates, Inc. LICENSE AND WARRANTY NOTICE, continued

DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES:DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES:

IN NO EVENT WILL LAINE BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ANY SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT OR SIMILAR DAMAGES,IN NO EVENT WILL LAINE BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ANY SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT OR SIMILAR DAMAGES,INCLUDING ANY LOST PROFITS OR LOST DATA ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE SOFTWARE, EVEN IFINCLUDING ANY LOST PROFITS OR LOST DATA ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE SOFTWARE, EVEN IFLAINE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE LIMITATION ORLAINE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE LIMITATION OREXCLUSION OF LIABILITY FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSIONEXCLUSION OF LIABILITY FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSIONMAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. IN NO CASE SHALL LAINE'S LIABILITY EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE FOR THE SOFTWARE.MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. IN NO CASE SHALL LAINE'S LIABILITY EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE FOR THE SOFTWARE.THE DISCLAIMERS AND LIMITATIONS SET FORTH ABOVE WILL APPLY REGARDLESS OF WHETHER YOU ACCEPT THETHE DISCLAIMERS AND LIMITATIONS SET FORTH ABOVE WILL APPLY REGARDLESS OF WHETHER YOU ACCEPT THESOFTWARE.SOFTWARE.

GENERAL:GENERAL:

The author has made a good faith effort to advise all vendors of the software used to develop this Software of his intention to share thisThe author has made a good faith effort to advise all vendors of the software used to develop this Software of his intention to share thisSoftware with others. Those vendors have neither endorsed nor declined to endorse the contents of this Software.Software with others. Those vendors have neither endorsed nor declined to endorse the contents of this Software.

Nothing in this Software will give you any right, title or interest in or to any ofNothing in this Software will give you any right, title or interest in or to any of Laine’s Laine’s trademarks, trade names, service marks, insignia, trademarks, trade names, service marks, insignia,labels or designs, or any of the same, except a mere privilege and license during its term, to display and use the same according to thelabels or designs, or any of the same, except a mere privilege and license during its term, to display and use the same according to theforegoing limitations.foregoing limitations.

Any and all opinions found in this Software are of the author. The author reserves the right to modify any and all opinions as, if, andAny and all opinions found in this Software are of the author. The author reserves the right to modify any and all opinions as, if, andwhen new information is made available. Factual input, whether supportive and dissenting, is welcome. Your input will receive duewhen new information is made available. Factual input, whether supportive and dissenting, is welcome. Your input will receive dueconsideration and will surely affect the author's future efforts. The author expresses advance appreciation for the time and effort youconsideration and will surely affect the author's future efforts. The author expresses advance appreciation for the time and effort youdevote to your communications.devote to your communications.

This is an agreement between you and the author regarding your use of this Software. You agree by your use or possession of any orThis is an agreement between you and the author regarding your use of this Software. You agree by your use or possession of any orall of this Software to the conditions and limitations of this agreement.all of this Software to the conditions and limitations of this agreement.

This agreement is an integral part of this Software. Failure to include this entire agreement in any and all distributions of this SoftwareThis agreement is an integral part of this Software. Failure to include this entire agreement in any and all distributions of this Softwareshall be a breach of this license agreement, and shall not sever, void, or nullify the meaning or the intention of this agreement.shall be a breach of this license agreement, and shall not sever, void, or nullify the meaning or the intention of this agreement.

This Agreement will be governed by the laws of the State of Texas. This Agreement may only by modified by a license addendumThis Agreement will be governed by the laws of the State of Texas. This Agreement may only by modified by a license addendumwhich accompanies this license or by a written document which has been signed by both you and Laine.which accompanies this license or by a written document which has been signed by both you and Laine.

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Prosper MBal

1. Start Prosper by double-left-clicking the icon.

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A new (untitled) file

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1. Use left-mouse button toselect Options, Options(to start building the file.)

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4. Done.

3. Enter data.

1. Pick data. 2. Pick data.

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1. File.

2. Save As.

3. Input Data (.SIN).

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1. Verify changes

2. Use left-mouse button toselect PVT > Input Data

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Created for Laine & Associates, Inc. (Errors may exist. Use at your own risk.)

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Enter data

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© 20002. Left-mouse click the Match Data button

1. Verify changes

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Left-mouse click the Import button

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2. Select the file

1. Select the directory

3. Left-mouse click the Done button

1. Select the directory

1. Laine\U_guides\nodal_an\prosper\tutor\01 ???

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2. Left-mouse click the Done button

1. Comma separated (CSV)

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2. Verify units.

4. Repeat for each PVT data column.

3. Highlight 1st data column.

Headings& units

1. Pick variable

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1. Enter temperature & pressure

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1. Proof read the entire table.

2. Left click the OK button.

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Left click the Calculate button.

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1. Enter desired ranges for temperature & pressure

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Left click the OK button.

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Left click the Calculate button.

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2. Left “mouse down” tomove the horizontal slider.


3. Review the results.

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Left “mouse down” tomove the vertical slider.

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Left click the Plot button.

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Reservoirconditions.

10 identical Pb curves

Experiment with the plot menus

Replace w/ b & w plot ????Is it already on next page ??

Instructions for b&W???

Brief descriptions of menus(guidance forexperimentation???)

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Left click the Finish button.

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Experiment with the Report, Export, and Layoutbuttons.

Report button gives GP fault.

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Report

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Layout

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1. Left click the Cancel button.

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Left click the Regression button.

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Left click the Help button.

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1. Review the information.

2. Continue reviewing the nextslide.

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© 20001. Review the information.

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1. Left click the File >Exit menu (to closeHelp.)

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2. Left click the Match Allbutton.

1. Left click the All/None button.

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2. Review the results.

3. Left click the Parameters button.

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1. Identify thebetter fits.


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2. Left click the Plotbutton.

1. The best correlations have already been selected.

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© 20002. Left click the Variables menu to pick plot variables.

1. Review the fit.(Same PB for all temperatures.)

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1. Select Pressure

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1. Review the fit.(Same PB for all pressures.)

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1. Pick Pressure vsGas Oil Ratio.

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1. Review the fit.

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1. Pick Pressure versusOil Formation Volume Factor..

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1. Review the fit.

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1. Pick Pressure vs Oil Viscosity..

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2. Left click the Finish menu to exit plots.

1. Review the fit.

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1. Left click the OKbutton.

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1. Verify that PVTis matched.

2. Left click the Savebutton.

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3. Name the file.

1. Pick the Drive.


1. Pick the Directory.

What is the correct directory ???Laine\u_guides\Nodal_An\Prosper\Tutor

(Student may pick any meaningful directory.)

What is the correctfilename??? Tutor01.pvt

What is the correctdrive??? C:\

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1. Left click the Composition button.

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2. Left click the Help button.1. Review the data.

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1. Background on the matching composition.

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1. Accentric Factors.

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1. Binary interaction coefficients.

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2. Left click the Bi Coefficients button.1. Review the data.

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4. Left click the OK button. 1. Review the data.

3. Use horizontal slider to see C10 to C50+.

2. Note the symmetry.

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© 20001. Left click the PVT > Report menu.

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1. Left click OK. Start putting titles here Fri Sept 3rd

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2. Left click Setup.(Printer setup.)

Printer setup.

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1. Left click the Name dropdown box.

2. Left click desired printer.

3. Left the click OK button.

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1. Open (left double-click)subdirectories under theSystem folder.

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1. Practice toggling between the Userreport and the System report buttons.

and

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What do I do with this???

Got this far Fri 27Aug99

Maybe good idea to find pagenumbers in manual

orcopy part of help filethenmove on(class is about running Prosper.)

11/1/00


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Got this far Fri 27Aug99

Urge students to study “TemplateDefinition” after class. (it goes onand on.)

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© 20001. Left click the PVT > Export menu.

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2. Left click “Report to File.”

3. Left click the OK button,and/orLeft click Print?

1. Pick “Sections to Report.”

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3. Name the file.

1. Pick the Drive.



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This is 1 of 3 slidesextracted from thesaved PVT report.

Followed byanother set of 4slides (fromexample5.prn.)

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This is 2nd slideextracted from thesaved PVT report.

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© 2000This is 3rd slide extractedfrom the saved PVT report.

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1 of 4 (fromexample5.prn.)

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© 2000Left click the System > Equipment menu.

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1. Left click here.

2. Enter data.

3. ClickDone.

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1. Left click here.

3. Left click the Done button.

2. Enter data.

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2. Click “Tubing.”

4. Click theDone.

3. Enter data.

1.Click here.

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2. Enter data.

1. Click here.

3. Click Done.

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© 20001. Left click the Export button.

3. Left click the Print button.

2. Pick “Report to File.”

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3. Name the file.

1. Pick the Drive.



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This is the equipment-data report.

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1. Click Done.

2. Click System.

3. Click Inflow.

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2. Enter data.

1. Pick Vogel (use drop-down box).

4. Pick Relative Permeability.

3. Click drop-down box.

5. Click Enter.

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2. Click Enter.

1. Review data.

3. Click Finish.

4. Click OK.

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1. Click OK.

2. Enter data.

4. Click OK.

Chg qTEST to 100 stbd.

3. Calculate Vogel’s maximum oil production rateVogel says (qOIL)MAX = (qOIL)TEST. / [1 -0.2*(PWF-TEST/PRES) -0.8*(PWF-TEST /PRES)^2]

= 100 stbod / [1 -0.2*(514.7/1116.7) -0.8*(514.7/1116.7)^2]= 136 stbod

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1. Click OK.

3. It appears the gravel pack is restricting flow.Increase: gravel size (permeability) 3,000 md.

perforation diameter 0.5 in.shot density 10 shots / ft.

2. Click OK.

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2. Click OK.

1. Enter data.

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1. Review plot.

2. Verify test rate andpressure.

3. Verify (qOIL)MAX.

(Note: AOF > 136 stbd.)

Assumes qWATER = 0.

5. Click Finish.

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WISDOM

The purpose of the gravel pack is to improve flow into the wellbore.

Hopefully, the gravel-packed flow is much higher than the alternative(of allowing the perforations to fill with “sand” from the formation.

Nevertheless, this gravel-pack design requires the reservoir potentialto be well above Vogel’s maximum oil rate (of 136 stbd.)

Perhaps the gravel pack design can be further improved.

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NOTE: several changes could have made the error go away.Increase gravel-pack permeability to 8,000 md.Increase perforation diameter to 0.80 in.

10 is the maximum allowed by Prosper.Increase shots per foot to 16 (and 3,000 md.)

16 is the maximum allowed by Prosper.Increase gravel-pack length to 10 in (and 15,000 md.)

10 is the maximum allowed by Prosper.Increase perforation interval to 400 ftIncrease perforation efficiency to 1.0 (and 4,000 md.)

1.0 is the maximum allowed by Prosper.

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1. Click Cancel.

2. Click Cancel.

3. Click Cancel.

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.


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1. Done.

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Matching allows the user to tuneProsper’s gradient into better agreementwith measured pressures versus depth.

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4. Downhole.

1. Enter data.

2.Pick.3.Pick.

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3. Done.

2. Enter data.

1. Enter data.

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1. Valves.

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3. Done.

2. Enter data.1.Pick.

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1. Calculate.

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1. Calculate.

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1. Done.

3.Pick.

2. Review results.

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3. Plot.

1. Review results.

2.Scroll.

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1. Acceptable matchbetween theoreticaland measured casingpressure.

2. Finish.

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1. Done.

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1. Done.

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© 2000

“4 variables” for artificial lift.Finished slide 125 Thursday 7Oct99

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© 2000Ready to start slide 126 Wed 15 Dec99

1. Enter data.

2.Pick.

3. Enter data.

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5. Done.


4. Enter data.

1A. Use “Dissolved and Free GLR” toavoid infinite gas at high water cuts,or

1B. Use “Total GOR” to avoid changingthe solution-gas-oil ratio, formation-volume factor, and viscosity.

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4. Done.


3. Enter data.

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4. Done.


3. Enter data.

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1. Continue.

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1. Calculate.

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1. Moving symbols indicate calculations inprogress.

2. OK.

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1. Plot.

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002

052

1. Finish

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1. Export

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6. Done.2. Continue.

1. Pick format.

5. EnterName.

4. Pick path.

3. Pickdrive.

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1. Scroll.

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.


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© 2

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1. File.3.Cancel.

2. Exit.

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1. Done.

YESGravelPack

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1.Cancel.

2.Cancel.

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© 2000

1. File.

2. Save As.

3. Input, Analysis, & Output Data(.OUT).

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4. Done.

3. EnterName.

2. Pick path.

1. Pickdrive.

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© 2000

1. File.

2. Exit.

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© 2000

Summary and Conclusions

This tutorial improves the author’s personal productivity by serving as a memoryaid that demonstrates how to use Petroleum Experts’ nodal-analysis software(Prosper) to create vertical-lift tables.

The vertical-lift tables become part of the reservoir simulation (gas-lift) input. Inthis case the available output formats came close to the required simulationformat. The Prosper tables were manually parsed to create the proper inputformat for the simulation software.

This particular application was for Baker Hughes’ (SSI’s) WorkBench (SimBestII)reservoir simulation software.

Documents

Title Page (Grid Tutorial) - EricLaineTitle Page (Grid Tutorial) PROSPER * Nodal-Analysis Software (vended by Petroleum Experts, Ltd) Creating vertical(gas)-lift tables for input to