© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

WorldDEMTM Reaching New Heights

WorldDEM: The new global

elevation solution - data

acquisition, processing and

use-cases

John Collins

Radar Program Manager

Airbus Defense and Space

Communications, Intelligence &

Security

April 2016

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

Contents

IGTF 2016

2

1. Product Description

2. Product Portfolio & Availability

3. Data Acquisition &INSAR Processing

4. DSM Production Process

5. Specifications & Validation

6. Case Studies & Applications

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

WorldDEM Product Description 1

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

Standardised Surface and

Terrain Models

Globally

Unrivalled Quality

Accuracy of a New Dimension Easy & Instant Access

WorldDEMTM

The unique and unrivaled combination of

Coverage, Quality, Accuracy and Availability,

setting a new standard of global elevation models

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

Suits Market

Needs

Coverage

Quality

Accuracy

Availability

What is in it for the Customer?

IGTF 2016

5

Product Features Customer Benefits

Worldwide, pole-to-pole, covering the

Earth’s entire land mass (150 Mio km²)

Standardized DEM for any spot on

Earth at the same quality

Homogeneous, seamless, consistent

derived from single data source

Closes gaps and extends to areas

missing so far with high accuracy

High accuracy at a pixel size of 12m

Rel. vertical accuracy < 2m/< 4m

Abs. horizontal accuracy of < 10m

Improves the performance of today’s

globally operating systems &

applications

Surface (DSM) and Terrain (DTM)

elevation information is offered

No matter what elevation information

is needed for projects and applications

WorldDEM is ideally suited to assist

No acquisition risk

(future) off-the-shelf availability

Automatic order process, easy & instant

access to any spot on Earth in the future

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

WorldDEM Product Portfolio & Availability 2

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

WorldDEM Product Line

Digital Surface Model representing the surface of Earth including heights of buildings and

other man-made objects, trees, forests and other vegetation

WorldDEMcore - unedited DSM (incl. spikes, wells, voids)

WorldDEM - edited DSM incl. editing of terrain features & water bodies

Digital Terrain Model representing the elevation of the bare Earth, man-made objects

and vegetation are removed

WorldDEM DTM - bare Earth, man-made objects and vegetation are removed

DSM

DTM

7

IGTF 2016

WorldDEMcore WorldDEM WorldDEM DTM

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

What Customers Require in a Medium-Resolution DSM

Interoperability with existing DEMs

Especially SRTM

Available in standard GIS/mapping formats

Consistency

Data is the same everywhere (look and feel)

Artefacts are treated consistently

Accuracy

The excellent input quality of the TanDEM-X data is the basis of WorldDEM

The goal in WorldDEM production is to alter as few pixels as possible

Identification and editing of radar-induced artefacts only

IGTF 2016

8

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

WorldDEM Availability

IGTF 2016

9

www.geo-airbusds.com/worlddem-db

Green = Available

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

WorldDEM Data Acquisition & INSAR Processing 3

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

DLR – Airbus Partnership

IGTF 2016

11

WorldDEM is a product of the TanDEM-X mission

This is a joint mission (PPP) between Airbus Defence and Space and the German

government (represented by the DLR)

The mission used the resources of both the TerraSAR-X satellite and the TanDEM-X satellite

2 virtually identical satellites, orbiting in a close formation, were required to create the

synthetic aperture radar antenna, which was required to measure elevations on a global scale

Responsibilities

Airbus DS manufactured both satellites

DLR launched and maintains both satellites

DLR acquired the raw data and undertakes the interferometric processing and mosaicking

Airbus DS undertakes the DSM hydrological production and DTM production and data QC

Distribution

DLR distributes the TanDEM-X DEM to research and scientific organizations

Airbus distributes the WorldDEM DSM and DTM on a commercial basis

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

WorldDEM Processing and Nomenclature

IGTF 2016

12

DLR Products:

TanDEM-X DEM Airbus Products:

WorldDEM

DSM & DTM

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

TanDEM Acquisition Schedule

IGTF 2016

13

(DLR)

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

14

Data acquisition within 3 years only (one unique source)

Acquired by TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X satellites flying in a very close and precise

(bi-static) formation

Multiple coverages of the entire earth’s landmass

© DLR

TanDEM Mission: The HELIX Formation

IGTF 2016

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

IGTF 2016

15

The Integrated TanDEM-X Processor (ITP)

The ITP ingests and screens the incoming acquisitions, focuses the individual scenes in

parallel to resampled complex images, calculates the filtered interferogram, performs the

phase unwrapping and height pre-calibration for accurate phase-to-height conversion and

finally generates the geocoded raw DEMs.

ITP is essentially an automatic process, with little human intervention

The Mosaicking and Calibration Processor (MCP)

DEM calibration requires a global set of suitable height references. For TanDEM-X ICESat

data are used as ground control points. A small subset of selected ICESat points is used for

calibration, and the remaining majority is used for validation of the final DEM heights.

In MCP, the calibration corrections are applied to each DEM and different coverages are

mosaicked by a weighted average of all elevation values at a given position.

Detailed TanDEM-X processing information is available at:

TANDEM-X MISSION STATUS Manfred Zink in The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information

Sciences, Volume XL-7/W3, 2015 36th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, 11–15 May 2015, Berlin, Germany

Generation of the TanDEM-X DEM

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

WorldDEM vs. Free DEMs

IGTF 2016

16

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

SRTM 90 (3“) WorldDEMTM (0.4“)

TanDEM-X SAR amplitude image

SRTM 30 (1“)

WorldDEM: Comparison (Death Valley)

17

IGTF 2016

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

WorldDEM DSM Production Process 4

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

Terrain (Surface) and Water Artefacts

Terrain Artefacts can be divided into two general categories:

1. Artefacts where no valid height information is returned (void or noise)

This is a random error

2. Artefacts where the height information returned is not valid (cycle-shift or phase

unwrapping)

This is a systematic error

Water Artefacts are also found in two categories

1. Extreme noise caused by little or no signal return from water

2. Void (no height information) caused by no elevations returned during processing

IGTF 2016

19

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

Artefact Examples - Surface

IGTF 2016

20

Random errors (noise) in a tree-

covered urban area in the USA

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

Artefact Examples - Surface

IGTF 2016

21

Systematic Error (Cycle-shift)

in flooded area in Uruguay

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

Artefact Examples - Water

IGTF 2016

22

Water body with both

noise and void data

in Falkland Islands

Noise

Void

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

Integrated WorldDEM Production Tool: DEMES

IGTF 2016

23

Airbus DS has developed a bespoke software package to create WorldDEM

Very specific tools required – especially for Terrain editing

High volume of data – up to 150 million km2

While commercial GIS/mapping tools can do some of the processing steps, none

of them can really do it in an integrated fashion

DEMES allows the efficient production of WorldDEM on a global scale

Workstation-based editing tool

Server-based data management system

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

WorldDEM Production Process and Effort

Incoming Quality Control

Checks the completeness and statistical quality of the data

Terrain Editing

Identify and correct terrain artefacts

Hydrological Editing

Identify Hydrological features and set their elevation correctly

Final Quality Control

Automatic and visual inspection to ensure conformity to WorldDEM standards

Assumptions

Terrain Editing – 20% of effort

Hydrological editing – 80% of effort

IGTF 2016

24

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

Terrain Editing Process

IGTF 2016

25

Generate Reliability Mask (automatic process)

Every pixel (height measurement) is checked

Generate the Feature Mask (semi-automatic process)

Tile-wise or smaller AOI can be selected

Edit Resulting Artefact Classes

Small Artefacts: Interpolate

Medium artefacts: Smooth

Large Artefacts: Infill using Delta-surface algorithm

Check Geocell for Offsets

If Offset is considered valid, infilling (DSF) is usually the correct remedy

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

26

1. Height error mask (HEM) – represent the height error in form of

the standard deviation

– derived from interferometric coherence

and geometrical consideration

– considered to be a random error

2. Digital elevation model (DEM)

3. Consistency mask (COM) – indicates DEM pixels that have height

inconsistencies between different DEM acquisitions

– Distinction between …

– Large absolute height inconsistencies

(e.g. phase unwrapping errors, incoherent areas

like water bodies, shadows, layovers)

– Small absolute height inconsistencies

(e.g. temporal changes)

Terrain Editing Input data (DEM, HEM & COM)

Unedited iDEM Unedited iDEM

with HEM>3.0 overlay

TDM with COM overlay (COM = 1)

IGTF 2016

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

27

• Measurement of local noise level inside DEM data seperate measurement for every DEM pixel

• Concept: Multi-scale analysis of local noise level (i.e. DEM uncertainty)

Results with very small kernel size

– Stddev 3x3 as description for the local DEM uncertainty

– Mean 3x3 to change the scale of the DEM

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 1 2 3 4 5

Un

cert

ain

ty

Scale

Area withhigh noise

Area withlow noise

High standard

deviation value

when analyzing

orange curve

Vice versa:

Low standard

deviation value

Measuring the local uncertainty: additional flag of relative errors

IGTF 2016

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

• Gaps inside binary artefact mask

will be closed when size is

smaller than split value for

Artifact-M & -L

(default value: 16px)

• Border of binary artefact mask:

Missed pixels will be added

to the mask when ≥ 5px of the

8 neighbors are masked

• When complete, all artefacts are classified as Small, Medium, Large or Offset

28

Application of RLM in DEMES Editor (FTM):

Refinement and simplification of patch geometry

IGTF 2016

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

21 March 2016 29

Reliability Mask to Feature Mask

RLM FTM

IGTF 2016

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

Artifact Removal

WorldDEMTM - Reaching New Heights

IGTF 2016

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

Hydrological Editing Process

IGTF 2016

31

Generate Water Mask (semi-automatic process)

Usually using the Perception tool

For Geocells with little water, a fully manual approach might be faster

Divide Water Bodies into correct classifications

Identify Lakes, Rivers and Oceans

Manual clean-up of shorelines where necessary

Automatic implementation of single-elevation Water Bodies

Flattening of Lakes and Oceans

Semi-Automatic implementation of Rivers

Balance of science and art

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

Separate Water from Land

IGTF 2016

32

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

Separate Water from Land

IGTF 2016

33

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

Manual Clean-up of Small Shoreline Inconsistencies

IGTF 2016

34

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

Implementation of Water Elevations

IGTF 2016

35

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

Implementation of Water Elevations (Oceans, Lakes)

IGTF 2016

36

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

The Result: WorldDEM with Terrain and Hydro Artefacts Removed

IGTF 2016

37

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

The Result: WorldDEM with Terrain and Hydro Artefacts Removed

IGTF 2016

38

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

The Result: WorldDEM with Terrain and Hydro Artefacts Removed

IGTF 2016

39

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

WorldDEM Specifications & Validation 5

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

WorldDEM Specifications

Products DSM DTM

Vertical Accuracy

Abs. <4m <10m (LE90)

Rel.** <2m (slope ≤20%) (LE90)

<4m (slope >20%) (LE90) <5m (LE90)

Horizontal Accuracy

Abs. <6m (CE90)*

Grid Spacing Latitude: 0.4” (~ 12m)

Longitude: depending on Latitude (~12m)

File Format GeoTIFF

Data Type 32-bit floating

Vertical Unit Meter

Projection Information Geographic Coordinates

Coordinate Reference System

Horizontal reference datum: WGS84

Vertical reference datum: EGM2008

Metadata XML-Format, ISO 19115 compliant

41

* < 10 m TanDEM-X Mission Goal

** 90% linear point-to-point error within an area of 1° x 1°

IGTF 2016

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n. Area: Corridor of ~390 km length (131°E -135°E)

Number of used ICESat Points: 4516

WorldDEMTM Evaluation

[m]

Mean -1.3

RMSE 1.4

LE90 2.3

Evaluation Result

42

IGTF 2016

Evaluation over an area in Australia using ICESat Points

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n. Area: > 500 km²

(geocell: N11W004)

No. of Differential GPS Points: 27

LE90

WorldDEM 2.33 m

WorldDEM DTM 2.41 m

Evaluation Result

43

IGTF 2016

WorldDEM Evaluation

Evaluation over an area in Burkina Faso using GPS points

WorldDEM

WorldDEM DTM

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

Independent WorldDEM Evaluation

44

Partners and Data

IGTF 2016

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

Independent WorldDEM Evaluation

Lidar ICESat GPS points

Mean -0.67 1.06 -0.11

RMSE 3.22 2.11 0.78

LE90 4.67 3.89 0.89

Count 31949 (2 areas)* 82347 45

IGTF 2016

* Surface changes between

WD & Lidar data takes

Evaluation Results

45

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

WorldDEM Case Studies & Applications 6

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

Sea Level: 0 m

ASTER GDEM (Pixel spacing 30m)

Test site: Toulon, France

Case Study: Global Sea Level Rise-up

Sea Level: + 3 m Sea Level: + 5 m Sea Level: + 10 m

WorldDEMTM

(Pixel spacing 12m)

Geomorphological & hydrological impact in human and natural environment

• loss of soil to the sea

• Increase of saltwater intrusion (e.g. danger of drinking water reservoirs in coastal areas)

• Increase of storm surges, frequency of cyclones and floodings

Quality of Elevation Reference is decisive in Flood and Sea Level Rise modelling.

ASTER GDEM (Pixel spacing 30m)

ASTER GDEM (Pixel spacing 30m)

IncREO

Increasing Resilience through Earth Observation

47

IGTF 2016

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

Sea Level: 0 m

Case Study: Global Sea Level Rise-up

Sea Level: + 3 m

Sea Level: + 5 m

Sea Level: + 10 m

Quality of Elevation Reference is decisive in Flood and Sea Level Rise modelling.

Marseilles, France WorldDEMTM (12m)

SRTM (90m) ASTER (30m)

IncREO

Increasing Resilience through Earth Observation

IGTF 2016

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

Bare ground

(open land, grassland, agriculture, street)

Landcover (Land25)

Case Study: Slope Analysis

Note: Displayed areas of >100m diameter

& Slope: < 5° :WorldDEMTM :SRTM90

Identification of flat areas, e.g. for Helicopter Landing Sites, …

49

IGTF 2016

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

SRTM C-Band, 90m ASTER GDEM, 30m WorldDEMTM, 12m

Test site: South-East of Teshio, Hokkaido (JPN)

Case Study: Terrain Analysis (Line of Sight)

E.g. for terrestrial radio communication

x x x

50

IGTF 2016

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

51

Case Study: Seismic Hazard Mapping

Study:

Search for landscape expression of pre-historic

surface rupturing earthquakes

Result:

Identification of fault scarps in WorldDEMTM data of 5

m high and up to 10-15 km long.

“I am impressed by the WorldDEMTM data in terms of

resolution compared to other available datasets.

It is useful for regional reconnaissance and for feature

characterisation (…)”

Earthquake Geologist,

Governmental Company, Australia

Scarp Height Travers

WorldDEMTM, Quorn, AUS

Performed by a Geologist of a Governmental Company of Australia

IGTF 2016

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

Thank You

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

© 2

014 A

irbus D

efe

nce a

nd S

pace –

All r

ights

reserv

ed. T

he r

epro

duction, dis

trib

ution a

nd u

tilization o

f th

is d

ocum

ent as w

ell a

s t

he c

om

munic

ation o

f its c

onte

nts

to o

thers

without expre

ss a

uth

ori

zation is

pro

hib

ited. O

ffenders

will be h

eld

lia

ble

for th

e p

aym

ent of dam

ages. A

ll r

ights

reserv

ed in

the e

vent of th

e g

rant of a p

ate

nt,

utility

model o

r desig

n.

Questions?