Title IX at 31:Title IX at 31:The Pain, The Pride, The The Pain, The Pride, The

ProgressProgress

A seminar presented by Mary A seminar presented by Mary Markowski, Michael Mikkelson, Markowski, Michael Mikkelson,

Angie Miller and Karen Angie Miller and Karen ThomasThomas

ObjectivesObjectives

To affirm your knowledge and correct To affirm your knowledge and correct misconceptions regarding Title IXmisconceptions regarding Title IX

To critically apply the legalities of To critically apply the legalities of Title IX to future potential Title IX to future potential discriminatory practices in education discriminatory practices in education

To critically analyze Title IX as a law, To critically analyze Title IX as a law, in light of the myths presentedin light of the myths presented

Ground Rules For This Ground Rules For This PresentationPresentation

1.1. Please wait until the end of the presentation to Please wait until the end of the presentation to make any comments or ask questionsmake any comments or ask questions

2.2. No comments whatsoever from Dr. Clodfelter No comments whatsoever from Dr. Clodfelter or Mrs. Khirallahor Mrs. Khirallah

3.3. The following people must stand throughout The following people must stand throughout the entire presentation:the entire presentation:

1.1. Haley Drake, Emily Wadle, Erin Brown, Jessica DuranHaley Drake, Emily Wadle, Erin Brown, Jessica Duran

4.4. We will conduct our OWN evaluations at the We will conduct our OWN evaluations at the end of the periodend of the period

5.5. All other students unnamed must keep their All other students unnamed must keep their eyes closed during the first two minutes of the eyes closed during the first two minutes of the presentationpresentation

APRIL FOOLS!!!APRIL FOOLS!!!

““Real” Ground RulesReal” Ground Rules

Please wait until the end of the Please wait until the end of the presentation to make comments and presentation to make comments and ask questionsask questions

Remember to be open to and Remember to be open to and respectful of other peoples’ respectful of other peoples’ viewpointsviewpoints

History of Title IXHistory of Title IX

What is Title IX?What is Title IX? Part of Education Amendments of 1972 Part of Education Amendments of 1972

Federal law that prohibits sex Federal law that prohibits sex discrimination in discrimination in anyany educational educational program or activity at program or activity at anyany educational educational institution that is a recipient of institution that is a recipient of federal federal funds.funds.

Prohibits Prohibits all forms of sex discriminationall forms of sex discrimination in federally funded educational in federally funded educational institutionsinstitutions

Myth or Fact?Myth or Fact?

Title IX requires quotas against men.Title IX requires quotas against men. Myth: Title IX prohibits sex discrimination in

federally funded education programs Title IX forces schools to cut men’s sports.Title IX forces schools to cut men’s sports.

Myth: Title IX in no way requires schools to cut men’s sports

Football and men’s basketball finance other Football and men’s basketball finance other athletics programs in colleges athletics programs in colleges Myth: Most football and men’s basketball teams

actually spend much more money than they bring in

Myth or Fact?Myth or Fact? Title IX requires that equal dollars be spent Title IX requires that equal dollars be spent

on men's and women's sportson men's and women's sports Myth: female athletes must receive equal

"treatment" and "benefits“ not dollars Most schools and colleges are in compliance Most schools and colleges are in compliance

with Title IXwith Title IX Myth: Current estimates are that 80% or more

of all colleges and universities are not in compliance

Title IX has lead to increased female Title IX has lead to increased female participation in sports over the last 25 years participation in sports over the last 25 years FACT!: YES! Since Title IX was enacted female

high school athletic participation has increased by 847%. 847%.

Basis for Discussion GroupsBasis for Discussion Groups Title IX, 1972 Education Amendments to Title IX, 1972 Education Amendments to

Civil Rights ActCivil Rights Act   Prohibits discrimination based on gender in all Prohibits discrimination based on gender in all

programs receiving federal funds. Non-programs receiving federal funds. Non-discrimination on the basis of sex/gender in discrimination on the basis of sex/gender in program and services. Regulations require gender program and services. Regulations require gender equity in various programs and services. Parallels equity in various programs and services. Parallels Title VII in employment, including coverage of Title VII in employment, including coverage of sexual harassment, and extends same principles sexual harassment, and extends same principles to harassment of students by employees. Modeled to harassment of students by employees. Modeled after Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Title IX after Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Title IX affects student admissions, financial aid, and affects student admissions, financial aid, and academic programs. The greatest impact of Title academic programs. The greatest impact of Title IX has been on inter-collegiate athletic programs. IX has been on inter-collegiate athletic programs. Enforced by the Office for Civil Rights. Enforced by the Office for Civil Rights. 

(From the U.S. Department of Education website)(From the U.S. Department of Education website)

Your evaluation of Title IXYour evaluation of Title IX

Based on your knowledge of Title IX Based on your knowledge of Title IX and its history and today’s and its history and today’s experience, do you feel that Title IX experience, do you feel that Title IX has been successful in achieving its has been successful in achieving its goal?goal?

Overall, is Title IX worth all of this Overall, is Title IX worth all of this controversy?controversy?

Works CitedWorks Cited http://bailiwick.lib.uiowa.edu/ge/documents/http://bailiwick.lib.uiowa.edu/ge/documents/

history.dochistory.doc http://www.aahperd.org/nagws/title9/pdf/http://www.aahperd.org/nagws/title9/pdf/

WSFFactoids.pdfWSFFactoids.pdf http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/cor/coord/titleix.htmhttp://www.usdoj.gov/crt/cor/coord/titleix.htm http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/cor/coord/http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/cor/coord/

TitleIXQandA.htmTitleIXQandA.htm http://www.ed.gov/offices/OCR/docs/t9interp.html http://www.ed.gov/offices/OCR/docs/t9interp.html http://www.ncwge.org/title9at30-6-11.pdf http://www.ncwge.org/title9at30-6-11.pdf  http://www.tolerance.org/teach/current/event.jsp?http://www.tolerance.org/teach/current/event.jsp?

cid=327  cid=327  http://www.aahperd.org/nagws/title9/pdf/http://www.aahperd.org/nagws/title9/pdf/

DebunkingTheMyths.pdfDebunkingTheMyths.pdf