ED 052 327

AUTHORTITLEINSTITUTION

SPONS AGENCY

BUREAU NOPUB DATECONTRACTNOTEAVAILABLE FRCM

EDRS PRICEDESCTIPTONS

ABSTRACT

DOCUMENT hESUME

08 VT 013 122

Eichards, F. L.

Outlines of Courses in Ornamental Horticulture.PennE.ilvania State Univ., University Park. Dept. ofAgricultural Education.Office of education (DHEW) , Washington, C.C. riv. ofAdult and Vocational Research.BR-5-002271OEC-5-85-01455p.Pennsylvania State University, U-Lversity Park, Pa.16802, Department of Agricultural Education ($1.00)

EDRS Price ME-$0.65 HC-2:3.29*Agricultural Education, *Curriculum Guides, HighSchools, Landscaping, Nurseries (Horticulture),*Ornamental Horticulture, *Post Secondary Education,*Technical Education, Turf Management

Intended to suggest subject matter content ofcourses or programs in ornamental horticulture for high school andpostsecondary vocational-technical programs, this curriculum guidewas prepared by staff members of the Agricultural EducationDepartment at the Pennsylvania State University, and tested in aworkshop with vocational agriculture teachers. Contents are: (1)

Outlines of Courses in Ornamental Horticulture, (2) OrnamentalHorticulture Programs for Grades 10, 11, and 12, (3) NurseryProduction, (4) Greenhouse Crop Production, (5) LandscapeContracting, (6) Retail Flower Shop Operation and Management, (7)

Turfgrass Maintenance and Establishment, (8) Retail Garden StoreOperations, (9) Arboriculture, and (.0) Horticultural Mechanics. Thecontent is presented in outline form under each topic, and isapplicable to the United States and lover Canada. (GB)

- iN cry

Outlines of Courses inOrnamental Horticulture

4 ys

LI S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,EDUCATION & WELFAREOFFICE OF EDUCATION

1PHS DOCTAIHNT HAS MN REPRODIKED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM1,E PERSON CR ORGANIZATION UFIGiNATIAG II POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILYREPRESENT OF FILIAL OFT,CE CF ECUCATION POSITION OR POLICY

The Pennsylvania State UniversityCollege of Agriculture

Agricultural Experiment Station(\l Department of Agricultural Education

University Park, Pennsylvania 168021.4

Teacher Education SeriesVolume 12, Number 1

1971

PREFACE

The primary purpose of this publication is to suggest subject matter

content of courses in ornamental horticulture wh'.ch might ba offered in

high school and post-high school vocational-technical programs. A secondary

purpose of the publication is to suggest ways in which courses might be

organized into programs. Schools having or planning occupational courses

in floriculture, nursery or greenhouse production, landscaping, and turf-

grass management will find this booklet useful in comparing course content

planned or taught with the courses outlined herein.

The research raportad herein was performed pursuant to a contract withthe Office of Education, U.S. Department of Health, Education, andWelfare. Ccntractors undertaking such projects under Government sponsor-ship are encouraged to express freely their professional judgment in theconduct of the project. Points of view or opinions stated do not, there-fore, neces,,arily represent official Office of Education position orpolicy.

2

3

MEMO ANDUMTO: The ERIC Cleariinlionsc on Vocational and Technical Education

The Ohio State tniversity960 Fsinnear RoadColtrribus, Ohio 43212

FROM: (Person) Samuel M. Otirtif: (Agency) De_atQi_tglicuituun_EAucation

(Address) Pennsyl van ta 1;1_'1ts P.3r.1.., PA 16 02

DATE: April 29, 397i

(Author, Title, Publisher, Date) Richards. 1:- Mcflay,_____

RE,__Slisam.__Olttlirss 0 ' O0'1Ug.5_-tD-Orilanluit-a_bior ti cu Iure, Teacher

EducAli9t1_51,__12. No, 1,_1971,_Dept_..of 4g, FRI,___Ecorka.5t, U.,

Supeplementay Information on Instructional Material University Park, PA16802

Provide information below which is not included in the publication. Mark N/Ain each blank for which information is not available or not applicable. MarkP when information is included in the publication. See reverse side for furtherinstructions.

(1) Source of Available Copies:Agency Depar_tvent__af 4grieuJtural lineationAddress Pennsy]vania State University, Univers_y Park, PA 16802Limitation on Available Copies None Price/Unit $1.00

(quantity prices) None

(2) Means Used to Develop Material:Development Croup Teacher EducatorsLevel of Group SlateMethod of Design, Testing, and TrialL.2Aignd by teacher educatorb___tested in workshop, with 12 vocational agriculture teachers

(3) Utilization of Material:Appropriate School Setting /Ugh School and Post High SchoolType of Program Vocational AgricultureOccupational Focus Ornamental HorticultureGeographic Adaptability, Contiguous United States, Lower CanadaUses of Mat arial__Lourse_PreparationUsers of Material_Tru=kanKI_Agx_isultijse Teachers Administrators

Teacher Educators(4) Requirements for Using Material:

Teacher Competency, teacherpf ornamental ItaalUlture nigh School levelStudent Selection Criteria iWil_diclica_andIost High School

Time Allotment

Supplemental Media --Necessary_Desirable_

(Check Which)

Describe

Source (agency)(addrers)

re\r\i1.11OLL./

INTRODUCTORY STATEML.NT

Outlines of Courses in Ornamental Horticulture, is one of a series

of instructional aids being prepared and edited by the Department of

Agricultural Education through a ccntractual agreement between The

Pennsylvania State University and the United States Office of Eancation,

Division of Adult and Vocational Research.

This publication was prepared and edited by the following staff

members of the Department of Agricultural Education, College of. Agri-

culture, The Pennsylvania State University: Freddie I. Richards,

Graduate Assistant; David R. McClay, Professor; and Richard F. Stinson,

Associate Professor.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

I Outlines of Courses in Ornamental Horticulture 1

Introduction 1

Program Organization 2

II Ornamental Horticulture Program for Grades 10, 11, and 12 . 9

Grade 10 - Introduction to Ornamental Horticulture 9

Grade 11 - Nursery Production and Landscaping Option . 9

Grade 12 - Nursery Production and Landscaping Option . . . 10Grade 11 - Floriculture Option 11

Grade 12 - Floriculture Option 12

Grade 11 - Turf Maintenance OptionGrade 12 - Turf Maintenance Option 13

III Nursery Production 17

Kinds of Nurseries 17

Occupations in Nursery Production 17

The Physical Plant 18

Dow Nursery Plants Grow 19

Propagation of Nursery Stock 19

Growing Nursery Stock in the Field 19

Growing Nursery Stock in Containers 20

Marketing 20

Nursery Calendar of Operations 20

Understanding Management 2]

IV Greenhouse Crop Production 23

Occupational Opportunities in Greenhouse Crop Production . 23

Greenhouse Location, Structures, and Equipment 23

Environmental Control 24Potted Plant Productior 24Cut Flower Production 26Vegetable Production 26

V Landscape Contracting 29Part One - Landscape Maintenance and Establishment 29Occupational Opportunities in Landscape Horticulture 29Landscape Maintenance 29Landscape Establishment 30

part Two - Landscape Design 31

Occupational Opportunities in Landscape Design 31

Importance of Landscaping 31Analysis of Landscape Requirements 31

Ideas for Solving Landscape Problems 32

Structures and Plants 33

Estimating Landscape Cost 33

Page

IV Retail Flower Shop Operation and Management 35

Exploring Occupational Opportunities in the RetailFlower Business 35

Uses and Characteristics of Flowers, Plants, andDecorative Materials 35

Designing with Flowers and Decorative Materials 36Using Flower Arrangements 31

Merchandising and Selling 37

Retail Flower Shop Management 37

VII Turfgrass Maintenance and Establishment 39

Exploring Job Opportunities in Turfgrass Businesses 39

Kinds of Turfgrasses and Their Use 39

Maintaining Residential and Institutional Lawns 40Maintaining Athletic Fields and Special Turf Areas 41

Maintaining Golf Courses 42

Planning and Establishing New Turfgrass Areas 42

VIII Retail Garden Store Operations 45

Quilifications and Occupational Opportunities in RetailCarden Store Operations 45

The Marketing System 45Retail Garden Store Facilities and Equipment 46Idrntity and Use of Products Sold 46Garden Store Services 46Stocking and Selling '.6

Understanding Management 47Garden Store Manpower Neels 1,7

IX Arboriculture 49

Occupational Opportunities in Arboriculture 49How Trees Grow 49Scil and Tree Growth 49

Application of Fertilizer to Trees 50

Selection of Trees Species for Landscape Use 50Tree Propagation 50

Tree Nursery Operations 50

Planting Trees . 50

Tree Maintenance Equipment 51

Tree Climbing 51

Tree Surgery 51

Diagnosis and Treatment of Unhealthy Trees 51

Personnel Relaticas 51

X Horticultural Mechanics 53

Safety 53Small Engines 53

Agriculture Tractors and Nursery Related Implements 53

Trucks, Pick-up Trucks, and Forklifts 53

Page

Construction 53

Hydraulic Systems and Controls 54

Arc and Gas Welding 54

Plumbing 54

Irrigation and Sprinkling 54

Spraying and Spreading Equipment 54

Steam Generators 54

Electricity 54

Mechanically Controlling Artificial Plant Environments 55

Tree Tools 55

Grass Cutting Equipment 55

Air Compressors and Pneumatic Powered Equipment 55

OUTLINES OF COURSES INORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE

In

In establishing an educational program in ornamental horticulture,

the school or institution should consider the employment opportunities

in the field both locally and in nearby communities for the youth and

adults who complete the program. The majors, options, or courses offered

should be those areas of ornamental horticulture in which the greatest

opportunities for employment are found.

Educational programs that prepare for occupations in ornamental

horticulture will vary in (1) options or courses taught, (2) length,

(3) grade level offered, (4) facilities available for teaching, (5) teacher

competence, (6) student quality, and (7) enrollment. However, it is

hoped this publication will be useful in providing ideas for teachers and

others responsible for courses and programs.

For clarity of understanding in this publication, the one or more

courses in ornamental horticulture offered in a school are identified

here as the school's program in ornamental horticulture. School pro-

grams in ornamental horticulture have been growing in increasing numbers

in the nation in recent years,

Courses most often span one semester or one year in length. The

courses most often found in ornamental horticulture programs are:

1. Nursery Production

2. Greenhouse Production

3. Landscape Contracting

4. Retail Floriculture

5. Turfgrass Maintenance

b. Garden Store Operation

7. Arboriculture

Seldom does a single school program include all seven of the courses

listed above. Courses in Garden Store Operation and Arboriculture are

found less frequently than the others listed.

School programs that have only one teacher obviously have less

flexibility than programs with two or three teachers. Programs usually

are offered for grades 11 and 12 in high school, but programs spanning

- 2 -

three grades are common. In some of the larger cities of the nation,

ornamental horticulture programs are offered in rhe r'_emertary ano junior

high school grades. At the post-high school level in universities,

community and junior colleges, and in technical sC,00ls, programs are

offered which usually span rwo school years and often lead to an

associate degree.

In the types of programs discussed later in ties publication,

emphasis is given to the vocational or occupation.11 phase of a student's

curriculum, P. discussion of tha "academic" courses which make up an

important part of the curriculum is omitted,

Program Organization

The school's ornamental horticulture program might be organized

in many ways. Courses could snan a semester, one year, or longer.

Students in a grade could be taught as a class or combined with another

grade or grades depending upon the local situation.

Some examples of frequently found types of program organization

for ornamental horticulture follow:

X

School Program A (Grades 11 and 12)

Fall Semester Sarin_ Semester

Principles ofPlant Growth

LandscapeContracting

GreenhouseProduction

RetailHorticulture

A school wit" one horticulture teacher could offer this program at

least two different ways;

(1) Teach program "X" to 11th grade students in the morning each

day during the year and teach program "YR to 12th grade students

in the afternoon each day during the year.

(2) Combine both grades and teach program "X" during even years and

program "Y" during odd years.

Even years

Odd years

- 3 -

School Program B (Grades 11 and 12)

Fall Semester Spring Semester

Landscape Design Landscape Establishmentand Maintenance

Greenhouse ProductionNursery Production

Program. B suggests that semester length courses be taught in even

years and two different courses, each spanning the full school year

be taught during odd years. The options for teaching the courses listed

under school Program A would also apply to 'rogram B.

Schools with greenhouses and ornamental nurseries will need to

maintain reasonable production schedules and management practices during

the 'off years" or duriLig semesters when the courses taught make only

very limited use of the greenhouse and nursery facilities.

A school may select the type of program organization shown in

School Program C which follows. In this type of organization, portions

of subject matter content in ornamental horticulture are taught each

year and often each semester. This "cross-section" approach has some

advantages over other plans of program organization; however, it usually

requires more teacher planning than do other types.

11)

- 4 -

School Program C_(Grades 10,11, 12)

First Year

1st Semester

(1st nine weeks)Orientation to A Jicultere ProgramPoinsettia ProductionIdentification of Deciduous TreesTurfgrass EstablishmentSteam Sterilizat'.onOperation of Equipment and Safety

(2nd nine weeks)Carnation ProductionPlant PropagationChristmas DecorationPreparing Materials for MarketCut Flower Preparation and CareCut Mum ProductionSupervised Occupational Experience

Second Year

1st Semester

(1st nine weeks)OrientationPot MumsDried ArrangementsIdentification of Evergreen TreesTree MaintenanceNursery Planning and Operation

(2nd nine wee,:')

Foliage Plant ProductionLiliesDish GardensPermanent ArrangementsSoil Science (Testing Soil)Retail SellingSupervised Occupational Experience

11

2nd Semester

(3rd nine weeks)Rules of DesigningBasic DesignsBedding Plant ProductionMerchandising (Displays)Small Engine MechanicsGeneral Greenhouse CultureCenterpieces

(4th nine weeks)Bedding Plant ProductionIdentification of Deciduous

ShrubsCorsage ConstructionGarden Center OperationPlanting Landscape MaterialBed Production of NurseryMaterial

Supervised OccupationalExperience

2nd Semester

(3rd nine weeks)AzaleasEaster LiliesGreenhouse Constru-,tionDisplay with Foliage PlantsSpring Arrangements

(4th nine weeks)Bedding PlantsIdentification of Evergreen

ShrubsGround CoversTurfgrass MaintenanceAthletic FieldsFertilizing Shrubs and TreesSupervised Occupational

Experience

- 5 -

Third Year

1st Semester

(1st nine weeks)OrientationPot RusesSnapdragonsPruning and ShearingConservationPersonnel Relations

(2nd nine weeks)

Cut RosesPes' Control in the GreenhouseFuneral DesignsRecreation (Park Maintenance, etc.)Landscape DesignSupervised Occupational Experience

2nd Semester

(3rd nine weeks)

Hydrangea ForcingWedding DesignsChurch ArrangementsLandscape Design PracticeMarketing Horticultural

Products

(4th nine weeks)Bedding PlantsPutting Green and TeeMaintenance

Disease, Insect, WeedControl (shrubs and trees)

Field LinersGrounds MaintenanceSupervised Occupational

Experience

Program C provides time at the beginning of each year for limited

orientation of the new students enrolled in the program for the first

time. The program should also provide fur the organization of a youth

club of students enrolled such as the FFA, Horticulture Club, etc.

1"

- 6 -

Schools which have two teachers might offer a program like the one

which follows. For illustrative purposes, it is assumed the school':.

ornamental horticulture facilities include two classrooms, greenhouse,

headhouse, horticultural shop, and a land laboratory of several acres

which contains a nursery and turf plots. It is also assumed that each

student is assigned to ornamental horticulture classes for one-half day

each day of the s '-hoof year. In this example, four options or majors are

offered, each spanning one school year. A student enrolled could complete

one option per year.

School Program D (Grades 11 and 121

1st Year - Fall Semester

Teacher Class Option and Emphasis

A a.m. Landscape Contractingp.m. (Design)

a.m. Turfgrass Maintenancep.m. (Establishment of Turf)

1st Year - Spring Semester

A a.m. Landscape Contractingp.m. (Installation)

B a.m. Turfgrass Maintenancep.m. Maintenance of Turf)

- 7 -

2nd Year - Fall Semester

Teacher Class Option and Emphasis

A a.m. Retail Floriculturep. (Design)

B a.m. Nursery Productionp.m. (Fall and Winter Manage-

ment and Operation)

2nd Year - Spring Semester

A a.m. Retail Floriculturep.m. (Sales and Operation)

B a.m. Nursery Productionp.m. (Spring and Summer

Management and Operation)

School Program D provides for each teacher to have a morning

class and an afternoon clas. s in th.: same option and subject. If

borl years of Program D were combined, School Program E would be

the result.

- 8 -

School Program E (Grades 11 and 12)

Teacher Semester Class Option and Emphasis

A Fall a.m. Landscape Contracting( Design)

Fall p.m. Retail Floriculture(Design)

B Fall a.m. Turfgrass(Establishment)

Fall p.m. Nursery Production(Fall and Winter ,Ianage-ment and Operation)

A Spring a.m. Landscape Contracting(Installation)

Spring p.m. Retail Floriculture(Sales and Operation)

S Spring a.m. Turfgrass(Maintenance)

Spring p.m. Nursery Production(Spring and SummerManagement and Operation)

- 9 -

ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE PROGRAMFOR GRADES 10, 11, AND 12

COURSE OUTLINES

The suggested course outline presented here is based on threeassumptions. These are: (1) that the school offering this programhas established a vocational agriculture curriculum for grades 10, 11,and 12; (2) that the program will afford the student an opportunity toselect any one of the options or a combination of these options thatwill fill his needs; and (3) that the weeks of instruction suggestedfor each area are based on two periods per day, five days per week.Should the periods of instruction offered differ from the assumed10 period week, adjustment in the course materials would be needed tocompensate for the different scheduling.

INTRODUCTION TO ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE

GRADE 10

Subject Area Weeks

A. Program Orientation, Occupa- 12

tional Information, andLeadership Training

1. Program Orientation2. Occupational Information:

Nursery - Landscape,

Floriculture Productionand Retailing,Turfgrass,Arboriculture, Propagation,Other Specialties

3. Leadership and CitizenshipTraining

4. Supervised OccupationalExperience

B. Plant Science 6

1. EcologyZ. Taxonomy3. Physiology

1`

Subject Area Weeks

C. Soil Science 6

1. Soil Types, Texture,Structure, and Capa-bility

2. Acidity-Alkalinity3. Organic Materials4. Soil Microbiology5. Soil Testing

D. Mechanics 12

1. Safe Operation, Use,Basic Maintenance arriStorage of Tools and..:quipment

2. Small Gasoline Engines3. Reading and Interpreta-

tion of Blue Prints,Diagraws, and SchematicDrawings

Total 36

- 10-

NURSERY PRODUCTION AND LANDSCAPING OPTION

GRADE 11

Subject Area Weeks Subject Area Weeks

A. Program Orientation, Occupa- 4

tional Information, SupervisedWork Experience, LeadershipTraining

1. Orientation to Program forthe Year

2. Occupational Information3. Supervised Work Experience

Program4. FFA or Ornamental Horti-

culture Club

D. Growing Nursery Stock

1. Lining-Out2. Fertilizing3. Pruning4. Weed Control5. Transplanting6. Field Culture7. Container Growing8. insect and Disease

Control in the Nursery

8

B. Identifying Plant Materials 6

1. Identifying Commonly UsedShrubs and Trees, GroundCovers, and FloweringPlants

2. Physical Characteristics,Environmental Requirements,and Habits of Growth ofTrees, Shrubs, GroundCovers, and Flowering Plants

C. Propagating Nursery Stock 7

1. Structures, Equipment,and Supplies

2. Cuttings3. Seeds4. Grafting5. Layering6. Cultural TechAiques

E. Marketing Nursery Stock 7

1. Digging: Bare-Root,Balled and Burlapped

2. Storing3. Packing4. Grading5. Shipping and Grading

F. Mechanics 4

1. Tractor and EquipmentService, Repair, andOperation

2. Installation and Main-tenance of Water Systems

3. Basic Electricity4. Basic Carpentry5. Mixing, Placing, and

Curing Concrete

Total 36

GRADE 12

Subject Area Weeks

A. Program Orientation, Occu- 2

pational Information,Supervised Work Programs,Leadership Training

1. Orientation to Programfor the Year

2. Occupational Information3. Supervised Work Experience

Program4. FFA or Ornanental Horti-

culture Club

B. Landscape Design 14

1. Site and Family NeedsAnalysis

2. Organization and Layoutof Landscape Designs

3. Symbols and Plant Formsfor Design Drawing

4. Plant and StructuralMaterials in LandscapeDesign

5. Characteristics of Plants(mass, texture, size, andform)

6. Design and Drawing Practice

C. Establishing a Landscape 12

1. Construction

a. Drainageb. Grading

1r

Subject Area Weeks

c. Soil amendmentd. Irrigation systemse. Lighting systemsf. Pavement - drives,

walks, terracesg. Steps

h. Dry walls

i. Fences and screensj. Special structures -

pools, play equipment,etc.

2. Planting

a. Turf - seeding, soddingb. Trees - bare root,

balled and burlappedc. Shrubsd. Ground coverse. Flowers

D. Maintaining Landscaped 8

Plantings

1. Turf Maintenance2. Pruning - Corrective,

Hedges

3. Fertilizing4. Using Mulches5. Applying Water

6. Controlling Weeds

7. Wintcr Protection

Total 8

- 12 -

FLORICULTURE OPTION

GRADE 11

Subject Area Weeks Subject krea Weeks

A.

B.

Frogiam Orientation,Occupational Information,Supervised Work Experience,and Leadership Training

1. Orientation to Programfor the Year

2. Occupational Information3. Supervised Work Experience

Programs4. FFA or Ornamental Horti-

culture Club

Soils 4

1. Mediums for GrowingPlants

2. Mixing and Preparing3. Testing Greenhouse

Soils - Nutrients, pH,Soluble Salts

E.

F.

Insect and Disease Control

1. Sanitation2. Sprays and Dusts3. Applying Sprays and

Dusts4. Fumigation

Managing Production in theGreenhouse

1. Watering2. Ventilating3. Heating4. Controlling Diseases

and Insects5. Storage of Supplies6. Organization of Pro-

duction for a Year7. Preparing Products

3

8

C.

D.

Fertilizers

1. Formula2. Mixing3. Applying4. Storage and Handling

Propagation of HorticulturePlants

1. Sturctures, Equipmentand Supplies

2. Seeding3. Cuttage4. Lryering5. Dividing6. Budding7. Grafting8. Cultural Techniql

3

10

G. Mechanics

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

4

Repair and Maintenanceof Water SystemsDesign and Constructionof Frames and StandsGreenhouse FacilityMaintenance and RepairRepair and Service ofElectric MotorsRepair and Maintenanceof Heating and VentilatingSystems

Total 36

1 '1

- 13 -

GRADE 12

Subject Area Weeks Subject Area Weeks

A. Program Orientation,Occupational InformationSupervised Work ExperienceProgram, and LeadershipTraining

2 D. Arranging Flowers and 8

Plants

1. Orientation to Program forthe Year

2. Occupational Information3. Supervised Work Experience

Programs4. FFA or Ornamental Horti-

culture Club

B. Cut Flower Production

I. Cut Flower Industry2. Chrysanthemums3. Carnations4. Snapdragons5. Other Crops6. Grading and Handling

7

C. Production of Pot Plants, 7

Foliage Plants, and BeddingPlants

1. Pot Plants

a. Poinsettiasb. Pot chrysanthemumsc. Easter lilies

2. Foliage Plants3. Bedding Plants and

Geraniums

1. Uses and Characteristicsof Flowers, Plants, andDecorative Materials

2. Designing with Flowersand Decorative Materials

3. Using Flower Arrangements

E. Retail Flower Shop Opera- 8

tion and Management

1. Merchandising and Selling2. Purchasing Flowers and

Supplies3. Storage of Flowers and

Greens4. Packaging of Flowers

and Plants5. Handling and Delivery of

Packaged Flowers andPlants

6. Records and Accounts

F. Directed Laboratory Work 4

1. Flower Crop Productionand Marketing

2. Floral Design andRetailing

Total 36

- 14 -

TURF MAINTENANCE OPTION

GRADE 11

Subject Area Weeks

A. Program Orientation, Occupa-tional Information, andLeadersh5p Training

1. Program Orientation2. Occupational Information3. Supervised Work Experience

Programs4. FFA or Ornamental Horti-

culture Club

B. Identifying Turf Grasses

Subject Area Weeks

4 6. Liming and Fertilizing7. Seeding and Seed Mixtures;

Laying Sod8. Protecting the Seeded

Areas

9. Special Construction;Greens, Bunkers, Traps,Tees, Banks

1O. Cultural Practices forYoung Turf

6 D. Mechanics

1. Identifying Turf Grasses2. Use and Types of Turf3. Growth Characteristics4. Characteristics of Good Turf

C. Lawn and Turf Establishment 18

1. Planning: Golf CoursesAthletic Fields, Highways,Institutional Turf,Residential Turf

2. Grading the Site3. Drainage Systems4. Irrigation Systems5. Preparing the Soil

21

1. Repair and Maintenanceof Water Systems

2. Operation, Service,and Repair of Tractors,Mowers, FertilizerSpreaders, Sprayers,Dusters, and Sweepers

3. Care and Maintenanceof Aerifiers, VerticalMowers, and Other Reno-vation Equipment

8

Total 36

Subject Area

A. Maintaining Home Lawns

- 15 -

GRADE 12

Weeks

8

1. Fertilizing, Irrigating,Mowing, and Edging

2. Identification and Controlof Lawn Weeds,Diseases, and Insects

3. Renovating Practices

B. Maintaining Athletic Fields 8

and Special Turf Areas

1. Use Requirements ofAthletic Fields andSpecial Turf Areas

2. Assessment of Growthand EnvironmentalConditions

3. FerLIlizing, Mowing,Aerating, and Irri-gating

4. Controlling Pests

) I

Subject Area Weeks

C. Maintaining Golf Courses 12

1. Fertilizing Fairways,Tees, and Greens

2. Irrigating, Mowing, andAerating Fairways, Tees,and Greens

3. Wear Distribution forTees and Greens

4. Controlling Pests on Fair-ways, Tees, and Greens

5. Maintenance of Trees,Shrubs, and Flowers

D. Managing a Turf Service 8

Business

1. Salesmanship and Cus-tomer Relations

2, Estimat.ng Bids forCustom Work

3. Purchasing Supplies andEquipment

4. Handling and Storing Sod,Sprigs, Plugs, and Seals

5. Accounts and Records

Total 36

NURSERY PPODUCTION COURSE

COURSE OUTLINE

A. Kinds of Nurseries

1. The Wholesale Nursery2, The Retail or Specialist Nursery3. The Propagation Nursery4, The Grower-Landscaper Nursery5. The Nursery Brokerage Firm6. The Mail Order Nursery

B. Occupations in Nursery Produftion

1. The Nursery Business as a Career2, Nursery Produ-tion Occupations

a. l,ursery worker

h. Nursery clerk-typistc. Nursery salesmand. Stock mane, Nursery foremanf. Sales managerg. Physical plant managerh. Storage rannger

- 18 -

i. Plant breederj. Nursery techniciank. Propagator1. Nursery production managerm. Nursery superintendent.n. Nurseryman

3. Nursery Organization4. Relat,d Occupations5. Addliional Information

C. The Physical Plant

1. Nursery Site Selectiona, Marketing areab. Climatic zonec. Topographyd. Watere. Soil

f. Overhead costs(1) Labor(2) Utilities(3) Fuel(4) Taxes

2, Nursery Arrangement, Layout, Provision for Expansion

3. Facilitiesa. Propagation greenhouses

(I) Propagation benches(2) Mist systems(3) Grafting cases

b. Outdoor seedbeds

c. Coldframes and hotbeds

d. Lathhousee. Sashhousef. Storage buildingsg. Office buildingsh. Irrigation systemsi. Access roads

4. Equipmenta. Large equipment

(1) Tractors, discs, plows, harrows

(2) Power diggers, root pruners

(3) rucks(4) Fork lifts(5) Tillers

b. Small equipment(1) Soil steamer(2) Irrigation systems

(a) Field

(b) Greenhouse

(3) Sprayers and dusters(4) Fertilizing equipment

(5) Hand tools

5. Suppliesa. Plant materials - seeds, cuttings, etc.

- 19 -

b. Plant containers - pots, flats, etc.c. Fertilizerd. Herbicidese. Soil and soil amendmentsf. Insecticides and fungicidesg. Burlap and twineh. Shipping supplies

D. How Nursery Plants Grow

1. How Stems and Roots Become Longer2. Functions of Tissues3. Functions of Organs4. How Stems and Roots Get Larger5. How Plants Make the Food They Use6. How Plants Absorb Water and Nutrients7. How Plants Lose Water8. Effect of Environment on Plants and How Nurserymen

Adjust the Environment to Grow Good Plants Rapidly

E. Propagation of Nursery Stock

1. Specialized Equipment2. Vegetative Propagation

a. Cuttings - softwood, greenwood, hardwoodb. Graftingc. Buddingd. Layeringe. Division

3. Seed Propagationa. Seed collecting, cleaning,and storingb. Greenhous_ propAgationc. Outdoor seedbed propagation

4. Care of Rooted Cuttings and Seedlings

F. Growing Nursery Stock in the Field

1. Crop Rotation Plans2. Fitting Soil for Planting3. Plowing, Discing, Smoothing4. Transplant Beds5. Lining-Out6. Transplanting7. FertilizingB. Watering9. Controlling Pests, Insects, Diseases, Weeds

10. Pruning and Supportirg11. Root Pruning12. Winter Protection13. Digging - Bare-Root,and Balled and Burlapped14. Holding for Short Periods

-20-

15 Cold Storage Over Winter16 Specific Crops

a. Deciduous shrubsb. Narrow leaf evergreensc. Broadleafevergreensd. Shade treese. Fruit trees, grapes, etcf. Rosesg. Ground coversh. Vinesi. Perennialsj. Christmas trees

G. Growing Nursery Stock in Containers

1. Crop Succession Plans2. Growing Surface3. Growing Medium4. Planting5. Mechanical Planting6. Setting Out7. SpacingS. Watering9. Fertilizing

10. Pest Control11. Pruning and Supporting12. Winter Protection13. Harvesting14. Crop Schedules15. List of 2lants Commonly Grown in Containers

H. Marketing

1. Inventory Control2. Freshly Dug Stock3. Cold Storage Stock4. Container-Grown Plants5. U.S.A. Standard for Nursery atock6. Pricing7. LabelingB. Packing9. ShippingO. Promotion

11. Quarantine Laws, Federal and State, also Local Ordinances

I. Nursery Calendar of Operations

1. Management Calendar2. Production Calendar3. Marketing Calendar

21

- 21 -

J. Understanding Management

1. What Management Doesa. Decision makingb. Functions of managementc. Successful management

2. Personnel Relationsa. The employee as a person

b. The employee on the jobc. The organization of responsibility

3. Trade Associations and Publications

- 23 -

GREENHOUSE CROP PRODUCTION

COURSE OUTLINE

A. Occupational Opportunities in Greenhouse Crop Production

1. Greenhouse Manager2. Production Manager

3. Physical Plant Manager

4. Sales Manager5. Technician6. Foreman7. Grower8. Grower Assistant

B. Greenhouse Location, Structures, and Equipment

1. Purpose of Greenhouse Structures

2. Location of Greenhouse Ranges3. Parts of a Greenhnose4. The Greenhouse Raw,5. Glazing Materials

a. Glassb. Plastic filmc. Polyethylene film

d. Vinyl filme. Mylar polyester film

f. Fiber glass

6. Coldframes

24 -

7. Lathhouses8. Greenhouse Benches and Beds9. Atmospheric Control10. Importance of Temperature Concrol11. Heating Systems12. Cooling Systems13. Ventilation14. Control of Relative Humidity15. Carbon Dioxide Enrichment16. Use of Combinatiors of Atmospheric Controls17. Refrigerators18. Light Intensity and Duration

C. Environmental Control

1. Watering2. Relationship of Soil and Fertilizer3. Soil Structure and Texture4. Artificial Soil Mixtures

a. Cut flowersb. Potted plantsc. Seedingd. Foliage plantse. Orchids

5. Fertilizer6. Pest Control

a. Importance of pest controlb. Equipment and methods of control

7. Insect Controla. Two-spotted mite or red spider miteb. Aphidsc. Thripsd. Greenhouse white fly

8. Disease Controla. Damping-offb. Powdery mildewc. Botrytis

9. Weed Control

D. Potted Plant Production

1. Chrysanthemuma. Cultiarsb. "Week"groupc. Crop rotationsd. Photoperiod controle. Propagationf. Pottingg. Temperature controlh. Wateringi. FertilizingJ. Pinching

29

- 25 -

k. Disbudding1. Growth regulatorsm. Packing and shipping

2. Poinsettiaa. Cultivarsb. Propagationc. Control of floweringd. Pottinge. Wateringf. Fertilizingg. Temperature controlh. Pinchingi. Regulating poinsettia growthj. Packing and shipping

3. Faster Lilya. Cultivarsb. Propagationc. Bulb sized. Precoolinge. Plantingf. Fertilizingg. Wateringh. Timingi. Straight stemsj. Height controlk. Pests1. Packing and shipping

4. Bedding Plantsa. Propagation scheduleb. Quantitiesc. Mediumsd. Seed sowinge. Moisturef. Temperatureg. Containersh. Fertilizingi. Transplantingj. Purchased seedlingsk. Culture from transplanting to marketing1. Marketing

5. Additional Cropsa, Geraniumb. Potted rosec. Azalead. Hydrangeae. African violetf. Foliage plantsg. Spring flowering bulbs

- 26 -

E. Cut Flower Production

1. Chrysanthemuma. Rotationsb. Bench preparationsc. Plantingd. Wateringe. Fertilizingf. Temperatureg. Carbon dioxideh. Pinchingi. Grading and bunching

2. Carnationsa. Cultivarsb. Rotationsc. Propagationd. Soil and fertilizere. Plantingf. Temperature controlg. Light intensity controlh. Photoperiod controli. Carbon dioxidej. Pinchingk. Disbudding1. Pest controlm. Diseasesn. Harvesting the flowers

o. Gradingv. Bunching, packing, and storage

3. Snapdragona. Response groupsb. Propagationc. Bench preparation and plantingd. Temperature controle. Wateringf. Fertilizingg. Carbon dioxideh. Pest controli. Quality controlj. Harvesting

k. Grading, bunching, and packing

4. Additional Cropsa. Rosesb. Orchids

F. Vegetable Production

1. Tomatoa. Cultivarsb. Schedules

Soil

d. Propagatione. Transp1antirgf. lcrtilizingg. W,Itcring

h. Temperature controii. Carbon dioxidei. Pollinationk, "No smoking"1. Plant disordersm. Production in plastic greenhousesn. Harvesting and marketing

Lettucea. Cultivarsb. Rotationsc. Soil preparationd. Temperaturee. Seeding and transplantingf. Plantingg. S%'atering

H. Carbon dioidei. Harvestingj. Packingk. Storage1. Pest control

r,I

LANDSCAPE CONTRACUNG

BUTCH PANTRY

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COPRSE OCILI NE

PART ONE MAINTENANCE AND ESIABL1S-ENT

A. Occupational Opportunities in Landscape Uorticulture

1. Landscape Nurseryman2. Garden Center sAanager3. Grounds Superintendenti. Park Foreman5. Nursery SalesmanG. rJarden Center Salesman7. Garden Center I.:orker

S. Landscape i;orker

B. Landscape N:lintenancQ

I. Pruninga. Injured plantsb. Rejuvenationc. Developing form0. Maintaining fcr;-al hedgese. Pruning shade trees

2 Fertilizing Landscape PlantsFertilizing trees, .511rul)S, ground covers, vines,and lawns

- 30 -

3. Mulching Landscape Plants4. Watering Landscape Plants5. Weed Control6. Insect and Disease Control7. Safety Checklist for Applying Herbicides and Pesticides8. Miscellaneous Maintenance

a, Herbaceous plantsb. Lawn maintenancec. Poolsd. Winterizing

C. Landscape Establishment

1. Reading the Blueprint2, Laying Out the Landscape Plan3. Grading the Site4. Installing Drainage Systems5, Constructing Landscape Structures

a. Drives, walks, and patiosb. Retaining w,alls

c. Free standing wallsd. Fencese. Steps and rampsf. Water

6. Soil Modification7. Buying Nursery Stock

Grading nursery stock8. Planting Ornamentals

a. TransplantiAg treesb. Wrapping and stakingc. Transplanting shrubsd. Planting ground coversa. Planting vines and espaliersf. Planting herbaceous plants

-we

- 31

LANDSCAPE CONTRACTING

COURSE OUTLINE

PART TUO LANDSCAPE DESIGN

A. Occupational Opportunities in Landscape Design

1. Landscape Architect2. Landscape Designer3. Ecrticultural Extension Agent4. Landscape Nurseryman

B. Importance of Landscaping

1. Landscaping for Use2. Landscaping for Beauty3. Landscaping Increases Property Value

C. Analysis of Landscape Requirements

1. Site Analystsa. On the site factors

(1) Slopes(2) Soil

(3) Rock outcroppings(4) Water(5) Existing vegetation(6) Structures(7) Climate of site

Utilities(9) Legal aspects

- 32 -

b. Off the site factors(1) Favorable views(2) Unfavorable views(3) Pedestrian traffic(4) Noise(5) Dust(6) Bright lights

2. Analysis of Family Needs' Check-off Lista. Entertainingb. Cookingc. Gamesd. Playinge. Swimmingf. Gardeningg. Bird watchingh. Pets

L. Laundryj. Storage

3. Cost4. Area Layout Plan

a. Public areab. Private areac. Service area

D. Ideas for Solving Landscape Problems

1. Layout of the Landscape Areas2. Ideas for Solving Landscape Problems3. Landscaping the Public Area

a. Establis-ing a focal pointb. Grouping trees and shrubsc. Using texture, color, and contrastsd. Selecting colors to complement structurese. Using flower bedsf. Screeningg. Landscaping the sidewalk area

4. Landscaping the Private Areaa. Planning the terraceb. Screening the private areac. Placing hedges, shrubs, and wallsd. Planning the planting bede. Planning the lawn

5. Landscaping the Service Areaa. Planning the facilitiesb. Screening the service area

6. Placing Plant Materialsa. Using specimen plantsb. Grouping plant materialsc. Thinning and underplanting

7. Planning

- 33 -

E. Structures and Plants

1. Planning Landscape Structuresa. Transport structures

(1) Walks(2) Driveways(3) Steps

b. Retention structureF(1) Fences and walls(2) Pools and fountains(3) Miscellaneous structures

2, Structural Materialsa. Asphaltb. Concretec. T3rick

d. FlagstonesQ. Loose aggregatesf. Woodg. Tanbark

h. Metal fencingi. Copingj. Garden lighting

3. The Structural Plan4. The Kinds of Plants

Habilsof growthb. Hardinessc. Maintenanced. Fruit, flower, foliage, and branching characteristicse. Evergreen and deciduous plant materialsf. Trees

g. Shrubsh. Ground coversi. Espaliers

j. Vines5. The Planting Plan6. The Selection of Plant Material

F. Estimating Landscape Cost

1. Landscape Design2. Installation Cost

35 -

RETAIL FLOWER SHOP OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT

COURSE OUTLINE

A. Exploring Occupational Opportunities in the Retail Flower Business

1. Professional Teacher of Retail Floriculture(Other professional people may be employed in marketing,sales promotion, and advertising)

2. Managerial and Supervisorya. Retail flower shop ownerb. Retail flower shop manager

3. Technical Floral Designer4. Service Workers

a. Salespersonb. Office workerc. Delivery man

B. Uses and Characteristics of Flowers, Plants, ard Du:orative Materials

1. Flowering Pot Plants2. Foliage Pot Plants3. Foliage for Flower Arrange77ents4. Characteristics of Cut '-'lowers

a. Roseh. Chrysantlicunlm

- 36 -

c. Carnationd. Gladioluse. Snapdragonf. Stockg. Astersh, Bulb flowers

i. Orchidj. Gardenia

5. Characteristics of Flowering Pot Plantsa. PoinsettiaO. Azaleac. Easter lilyd, Chrysanthemume. Geraniumf. Hydrangea

g. African violeth. Wax begonia

i. Gloxiniaj. Cyclamen

6, Additional Flowering Pot Plants7. Characteristics Of Foliage Plants8. Characteristics Of Florist Greens

a. Uses

b. Colorsc. Keeping qualityd. Seasone. Prices

C. Designing with Flowers and Decorative Materials

1. Principles of Flower Arrangementa. Design

(1) Line(2) Form(3) Pattern(4) Texture(5) Color(6) Color harmony

b. Balancec. Rhythmd. Scale and proportione. Focal pointf. Harmonyg. Accenth. Repetitioni. Unity

2. folding Devices, Containers, and Suppliesa, Holding devicesb. Containers

c. Florist's supplies3. Designing Home and Hospital Arrangements

a. Basic designsb. The horizontal design

- 37 -

c. The vertical designd. The right anglee. The symmetrical trianglef. The asymmetrical triangle

4. Wedding Designa. The rose corsageb. The cattley orchid corsagec. The cymbidium orchid corsaged. The carnation corsagee. The wedding bouquetf. The boutonniere

5 Funeral Designsa. The funeral basketb. The funeral spray

6. Decorating a Flowering Pot Plant7. Design Ideas

D. Using Flower Arrangements

1. Flowers in the Home2. Flowers in Business3. Flowers for Weddings4. Flowers for Funerals5. Flowers for Special Dates6. Flowers for Other Occasions

Merchandising and Selling

1. Merchandisinga. Buyingb. Pricing

(1) Supply and demand(2) Wholesale price(3) Total cost(4) Prices used by competing florists(5) Tirices based on volume

c. Advertising and sales promotiond. Advertising budgetc, Preparing advertisingf. Other means of merchandising

2. Sellinga, Greeting the customerb. Identifying customer needs and desiresc. Showing the flowersd. Completing the salee. Selling by phone

F. Retail Flower Shop Management

1. Flc:cr Shop Management2. Locating the Shop3. Management of Finances4. Personnel Management5. Shop Layout

- 38 -

6. Handling Flowers

7. Packaging for Protection and Sales Appeal

8. Packaging Material

9. Delivery Services

10. Record Keeping

4 i

3

TURFGRASS MAINTENANCE AND ESTABLISHMENT

COURSE OL!TLINE

A. Exploring Job Opportunities in Turfgrass Businesses

I. Professionala. Extension agronomist (Urfgrass specialist)b. Agronomist

2. Manageriala. Golf course superintendentb. Athletic field superintendentc. Landscape contractor

3. Technicala. Assistant golf course superintendentb. Turfgrass salesman

4. Service Workersa. Greensworkerb. Landscape gardnerc. GroundskeeperJ. Athletic field groundskeeper

B. Kinds of Turfgrasses and Their Use

1. Identifying ar.d Determining the Cse of Turfgrasscs2. VogetJtive characteristics of Turfgrass(s

a. Loafb. Bud loaf

- 40 -

c. Stemd. Bluegrassese. Fescuesf. Bentgrassesg. Ryegrassesh. Crownvetchi. Kentucky bluegrassj. Merion Kentucky bluegrassk. Rough bluegrass1- Annual bluegrassm. Tall fescuen. Creeping red fescueo. Chewing fescuep. Colonial bentgrassq. Creeping bentgrassr. Redtops. Ryegrass

C. Maintaining Residential and Institutional Lawns

1. Maintaining Soil Fertilitya, Taking a soil sampleb. Interpreting soil test recommendationsc. Lime requirementsd. General lawn fertility recommendationse. Selecting and purchasing fertilizersf. Applying fertilizers and lime

2. Mowing the Lawna. Selecting the lawn mowerb. Mowing heightc. Frequency of mowingd. Mowing practicese. Clippingf. Thatchg. Edging and trimmingh. Aerating the lawn

3. Watering Lawnsa. Amount and frequency of wateringb. The time to waterc. Rate of applying water to the lawnd. Equipment used to water the lawn

4. Controlling Lawn Pests5. Turfgrass Weeds

a. Annual bluegrassb. Buckhornc. Common chickweedd. Mouse -eared chickweedc, White cloverf. Crabgrassg. Ox-eye daisyh. Dandelioni, Curly dock

- 41 -

3. Wild garlic speciesk. GoosegrassI. Heal-allm. Henbitn. Ground ivyo. Knot weedp. Nimblewillq. Nutgrassr. Oxaliss. Blackseed plantaint. Purslaneu. Quackgrassv. Sorrelw. Speedwellx. Bullthistley. Yarrow and yellow rocket

6. Turfgrass Diseasesa. Leafspotb. Rustc. Pythium blightd. Dollar spote. Fairy ringf. Brown patchg. Slime moldsh. Snow moldsi. Powdery mildewj. Nematodes

7. Turfgrass Insects and Suggested Controlsa. Antsb. Grubs

c. Cinch bugsd. Sod webworms

8. Using Pesticidesa. Safety guidesb. Guides for maintaining sprayers and dustersc. Guides for applying sprays and dustsd. Types of sprayers used on lawns

D. Maintaining Athletic Fields and Special Turf Areas

I. Athletic Fieldsa. Cooperation for good turfb. Fertilityc. Mowingd. Aeratione. Wateringf. Pest controlR. Repairh. Marking playing fields

2. Special Turfsa, Fertility proble:rs

b. Mowingc. Herbicides

- 42 -

E. Maintaining Golf Courses

1. Fertilitya. Fairwayb. Tees

c. Greens2. Mowing

a. Roughsb. Fairwaysc. Teesd. Greense. Clipping

3. Aeration4. Thatch5. Watering

a. Fairwaysb. Tees

c. Greens6. Pest Control7. Wear Distribution

F. Planning and Establishing New Turfgrass Areas

1. Planning New Turfgrass Areas2. Planning the Grade, Drainage,and Irriid', n

a. Gradingb. Drainagec. Grading and drainage of athletic fieldsd. Drainage of golf tees and greense. Irrigation systems

3. Selecting and Applying Fertilizersa. Fertilizer mlterialsb. Meeting soil fertility requirementsc. Limingd. Liming materialse. Applying limef. Applying basic fertilizer

'.. Using Physical Conditioners in Soilsa. Home lawnsb. Athletic fieldsc. Golf greens and tees

5. Preparation for Seedinga. Applying starter fertilizerb. Finish grading

6. Selecting Kinds of Grasses and Grass Mixturesa. Regulations governing grass seed seL2:,

b. Selecting seeding dates7. Seeding

a. Covering seedb. Rollingc. Mulching

4 .5

- 43 -

8. Vegetative Plantinga. Spriggingb. Sodding

9. Caring for New Grass

10. Renovating Old Turf Areas

RETAIL GARDEN STORE OPERATIONS

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ES

rLawn & Garden Center

COURSE OUTLINE

A. Qualifications and Occupational Opportunities in Retail GardenStore Operations

1. Garden Store Stockman2. Garden Store Salesman3. Garden Store rlook-:eeper

4. SupervisorS. Assistant Xanagev6. Garden Store Manager7. Studying Occupations Through Visit to Garden Stores

B. The Marketing System

1. The Business Enterprise Systema, What it ish. Advantages and disadvantagesc. Types of ownershipd. Nature and value of corpeticione. Types of partnership

2. Retailinga. The local marketb. Nature and purpose of retailing (product, service, information)

4r

- 46 -

C. Retail Garden Store Facilities and Equipment

1. Location2. Buildings and Structures

3, Parking4, Utilities5, Equipment

D. Identity and Use of Products Sold

1. Plants

a. Woody plants (trees, shrubs, vines, groundcovers)

b. Flowering plants, (perennials, bulbs, roses, bedding plants)

c. Indoor plantsd. Seeds, (grass, flowers, vegetable)

e. Cut Christmas trees and greens

2. Suppliesa, Fertilizersb. Pesticides and herbicides

c. Soil, sand, peat, mulching materials

d. Fencing, stakes, supports

e. Containers, tubs, pots

f. Patio tile, paving stones, etc.

g. Dried and artificial flowers

h. Christmas decorations

i. Bird and pet food

j. Books, pamphlets

3. Equipmenta. Garden furniture and decorations

b. Irrigation equipment

c. Garden lighting equipment

d. Lawn mowers

e. Wheelbarrows, carts, wagons, spreaders

f. Garden tractors and attachments

g, Snow removal equipment

h. Garden tools (spades, rakes, hoes, pruners, etc.)

i, Pest control equipment, (sprayers, dusters, etc.)

E. Garden Store Services

1. Equipment Repair and Service

2. Landscape Designing

3. Landscape Planting

4. Consulting Service

F. Stocking and Selling

1. Stockinga. Seasonal demand and stock control

b. Labeling and marking

c. Stock placement and replacement

2. Sellinga. Approach

b. Information and suggestions

- 47 -

c. Customer relationsd. Cash handling, receipts, sales recordse. Wrapping and delivery

G. Understanding Management

1. Management Decisionsa. Policyb. Product and stock controlc. Pricingd. Profit planninge. Personnel needs

2. Management Functionsa. Management of capital, products, personnelb. Lines of responsibility

3, Personnel Relationsa. The employee as a personb. The employee on the jobc. Training on the jobd. Grievances and benefits

H. Garden Store Malpower Needs

1. Employment Needs in Local Area2. Locating a Job3. Applying for a Job4. The Interview5. Gaining Success as a Garden Store Employee

-

ARBORICULTURE

COURSE OUTLINE

A. Occupational Opportunities in Arboriculture

1. Importance of Arboriculture2. Occupational Opportunities

a. Tree workerb. Tree pruner

c. Tree surgeond. Tree propagatore. Tree nurserymanf. Tree foremang. Arborist (city forester)

B. How Trees Grow

1. How Stems and Roots Become Longer2. Functions of Tissues and Organs3. How Stems and Roots Become Larger4. How Trees Make the Food They use

5. How Trees Absorb Water and Nutrients6. How Trees Lose Water

7. The Effect of Environ7lent on Trees

C. Soil and Tree Growth

I. Soil Composition2. Soil Structure and Te\ture

- 5o -

3. Nutrients and pH4. Soil Temperature, Moisture,and Aeration5. Soil Improvement for Trees

D. Application of Fertilizer to Trees

1. Importance of Nutrients2. Materials, Analyses, and Ratios3. Application Rates4. Application Methods

a. Dry formulationsb. Liquid formulationsc. Foliar application

E. Selection of Tree Species for Landscape Use

1. General Criteriaa. Hardinessb. Adaptabilityc. Aesthetic appeald. Growth rate and sizee. Low maintenancef. Safety

2. Specific Sitesa, Street treesb, Trees for residencesc. Trees for institutional and industrial sitesd. Trees for parkse. Trees for highway planting

F. Tree Propagation

1. Structures, Areas, and Equipme.nt2. Seed Propagation3. Cutting Propagation4. Grafting5. Cultural Techniques

G. Tree Nursery Operations

1. Lining-Out Stock2. Cultural Techniques3. Digging and Preparing for Shipment

H. Pl5nting Trees

i. Spacing and Site Preparation2. Season for Planting3. Placement and Support4. Pruning, Wrapping, Watering, Mulching5. Use of Anti-Transpirants6. Follow-Up Care

- 51 -

I. Tree Maintenance Equipment

1. Kinds and Their Selectiona. Tractors, trucksb. Pneumatic equipmentc. Hydraulic equipmentd. Small engine equipmente. Hand tools

2. Safe Operation3. Maintenance and Adjustment4. Minor Repairs

J. Tree Climbing

1. Safety2. Rope Work, Knots, Techniques, Skills3. Use of Ladders, "Cherry Pickers"

K. Tree Surgery

1. Corrective Pruning2. Care of Wounds3. Cavity Work4. Bracing and Cabling5, Tree Removal

L. Diagnosis and Treatment of Unhealthy Trees

1. Mechanical Injury2. Nutritional, Moisture, and Soil Aeration Disorders3. Air Pollution Disorders4. Disease and Insect Disorders

M. Personnel Relations

1. The Team Concept2. How Management Thinks3. Customer Relations

FORTICULTURAL MECHANICS

4 ar2:-11

zeithl.a.!Z.

e

COURSE OUTLINE

A. Safety

1. Shop Safety Reguiatioas2. Use of Fire Extinguishers3. First Aid Demonstration

P. Small Engines

1. Application2. Repair3. Maintenance and Storage

C. Agriculture Tractors and Nursery Related Implements

1. Maintenance2. Repair and Adjustment3. Safe Use and Driving Instructions4. Maintaining and Adjusting Pc..-er Trains and Drive Systems

D. Trucks, Pick-up Trucks,and Forklifts

1. Maintenance ana Miaor Repairs2. Safe Use and Driving Fracticum

E. Construction

1. Concrete Constrdttion 1volt:ding Figuring Quantities

- 54 -

2. Constructing Forms3. Forming Mixes4. Placement and Curing5. Masonry Construction

a. Brick

b. Blockc. Stone layering

6. Carpentry Skillsa. Figuring bill of materialsb. Fabrication of wooden buildingsc. Glues and fasteners

F. Hydraulic Systems and Controls

1. Principles and Theories2. Application and Uses3. Safe Use and Practicum in Using Hydraulically Operated Equipment

G. Arc and Gas Welding

1. Operation and Maintenance2. Skills in Metal Fabrication

H. Plumbing

1. Selection and Use of Copper2. Selection and Use of Steel3. Selection and Use of Plastic Pipe4. Practice in Fabrication of Plumbing Systems

I. Irrigation and Sprinkling

1. Pumps and Pumping Equipment Selection2. Mathematical Skills in Pumping and Irrigation Problems3. Selection, Care,and Maintenance of Water Delivering

Devices for Greenhouse and Outdoor Irrigation Systems

J. Spraying and Spreading Equipment

1. Care, Repair, and Adjustment of Equipment2. Safety3. Application of !ry and Liquid Chemicals

K. Steam Generators

1. Principles of Operation2. Maintenance3. Safety and Practical 1'8C

L. Electricity

1. Basic Circuitry and Safety2. Outdoor Power Supply

- 55 -

M. Mechanically Controlling Artificial Plant Environments

1. Principles of Heating and Cooling2. Use of Electrical and Mechanical Controlling Systems3. Operation and Maintenance of CO

2Generators

N. Tree Tools

1. Operating Skills2. Sharpening and Storing Chain Saws3. Care and Safe Use of Tree Climbing Equipment

0. Grass Cutting Equipment

Adjustment, Minor Repair and Maintenance in Using Turfand Lawn Cutting Machines

P. Air Compressors and Pneumatic Powered Equipment

1. Principles and Operation of Air Compressors2. Operation and Care of Pneumatic Power Equipment

U. Ed.1-630

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