Presented at IFPAC 2011, Baltimore, MD Jan 17-21, 2011 © Chevron 2010

Conventional GC’s – Where are you?

Carl Rechsteiner and Don Nettles

Chevron Energy Technology Co.

Presented at IFPAC 2011, Baltimore, MD Jan 17-21, 2011 © Chevron 2010

Talk Outline

• Gas Chromatography Instrumentation Process

Research

Mini

• Process GC Opportunities Production & Distribution

Refining and Chemicals

• Opportunities

• Questions

Presented at IFPAC 2011, Baltimore, MD Jan 17-21, 2011 © Chevron 2010

Conventional Process GCs

Pictures from Vendor Web Sites

ABB PGC5000

Yokogawa GC1000

Ametek ta 3000

Siemens MicroSAM ABB PGC1000

Emerson 700 Siemens Maxim II

Presented at IFPAC 2011, Baltimore, MD Jan 17-21, 2011 © Chevron 2010

Research Grade GCs

Pictures from Vendor Web Sites

Agilent 7690

PE Clarus 680

Bruker 400

Shimadzu 2010

Thermo ProGC

Leco GCxGC

Presented at IFPAC 2011, Baltimore, MD Jan 17-21, 2011 © Chevron 2010

Small Size (Mini and Micro) GCs

Pictures from Vendor Web Sites

Falcon Calidus

Forston MiniGC

C2V - 200

Verniern Mini GC

Inficon 3000 Photovac Handheld GC-FID

SLS Micro Dual Column

Presented at IFPAC 2011, Baltimore, MD Jan 17-21, 2011 © Chevron 2010

Upstream Process GC Opportunities

Presented at IFPAC 2011, Baltimore, MD Jan 17-21, 2011 © Chevron 2010

Upstream Production Sites

Older Platform

FPSO – Floating Production-Storage-Offloading

Facility

Presented at IFPAC 2011, Baltimore, MD Jan 17-21, 2011 © Chevron 2010

Production Platform Labs

Older Platform Lab

FPSO Lab

Presented at IFPAC 2011, Baltimore, MD Jan 17-21, 2011 © Chevron 2010

Gas Blender Ready To Travel

Presented at IFPAC 2011, Baltimore, MD Jan 17-21, 2011 © Chevron 2010 C Rechsteiner/M Boduszynski

J 10 2007

Several Refinery Views

Presented at IFPAC 2011, Baltimore, MD Jan 17-21, 2011 © Chevron 2010

Process GC Applications

Gas composition (incl. BTU value)

Speciation of small hydrocarbon molecules

Stream Fingerprints Hydrocarbon

Heteroatom (S, N)

Yield Curves

Presented at IFPAC 2011, Baltimore, MD Jan 17-21, 2011 © Chevron 2010

Crude Oil Composition MapTBP Curves

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Cumulative Yield from Crude, Wt%

Tru

e B

oilin

g Po

int,

°F

Naphtha

Middle Distillates

Deep-cut Vacuum Gas Oil

Deep-cut Vacuum Residue

Attainable Product Yield

G S

F

Y

F

Y

F

Y

Su

l

fur

Presented at IFPAC 2011, Baltimore, MD Jan 17-21, 2011 © Chevron 2010

Gas Applications Streams

Flares, Recycle Streams, Green House Gases, …

Components of Interest (Detectors) H2, N2, CO2, O2 (TCD)

H2S, COS, CH3SH, CS2, … (FPD)

CH4, C2H6, C2H4, …, C6H6, … (FID)

Other Comments Complex ancillary equipment may be needed.

Multiple columns can be advantageous.

Presented at IFPAC 2011, Baltimore, MD Jan 17-21, 2011 © Chevron 2010 C Rechsteiner/M Boduszynski

J 10 2007

Typical Fuels Refinery

Gasoline

VGO Distillate

Resid

LPG

Stream Color Key G

G

Presented at IFPAC 2011, Baltimore, MD Jan 17-21, 2011 © Chevron 2010

Species Applications

Streams Crude Fractions

Alkylate, Reformate, Isomerate, FCC gasoline,

Motor Gasoline

Components of Interest (Detectors) CnH2n+z where z = 2,0, -2, …) (FID, TCD)

CnH2n+zS where (z = 2,0, -2, …) (FPD, SCD, TCD)

Other Comments Key component measurement

High resolution GC columns needed.

FID preferred for quantitation

Presented at IFPAC 2011, Baltimore, MD Jan 17-21, 2011 © Chevron 2010 C Rechsteiner/M Boduszynski

J 10 2007

Typical Fuels Refinery

Gasoline

VGO Distillate

Resid

LPG

Stream Color Key

S

S

S S

S

Presented at IFPAC 2011, Baltimore, MD Jan 17-21, 2011 © Chevron 2010

Fingerprint and/or Yield Applications Streams

All except for Coke; Permanent Gases are marginal

Components of Interest (Detectors) CnH2n+Z (FID)

CnH2n+Z Sy (FPD, SCD)

CnH2n+Z Ny (NCD)

Other Comments Routinely done in laboratories, both central and field.

Specific applications are information need dependent.

Presented at IFPAC 2011, Baltimore, MD Jan 17-21, 2011 © Chevron 2010

Typical Fuels Refinery

Gasoline

VGO Distillate

Resid

LPG

Stream Color Key

FY

FY

FY

FY

FY

FY

Presented at IFPAC 2011, Baltimore, MD Jan 17-21, 2011 © Chevron 2010

Additional Refinery GC Needs

Gas Systems Hydrogen Fuel Gas Flares

Water Sour Waste

Environmental Emissions

Green House Gases

Presented at IFPAC 2011, Baltimore, MD Jan 17-21, 2011 © Chevron 2010

Important Petroleum Industry Pollutants

Hydrocarbons

Combustion

Byproducts

Methane (CH4) Non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) Volatile organic compounds (VOC) Sulfur Oxides (SOX) Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Particulate Matter (PM) Products of incomplete combustion (PIC)

Hydrogen Sulfide - H2S Carbon Dioxide - CO2 Total Sulfur

Presented at IFPAC 2011, Baltimore, MD Jan 17-21, 2011 © Chevron 2010

Major Refinery Air Emissions Sources

Source Air pollutants can include . . . FCC and combustion SOX, NOX, PM, CO, H2SO4, NH3,

VOCs, metals, HAPs (e.g., HCN, formaldehyde, PAHs), CO2

SRU SOX, NOX, PM, CO, COS, CS2, H2S, H2SO4, CO2

Tanks VOCs, HAPs Hydrogen plants SOX, NOX, PM, CO2 Waste Water Treatment VOCs Cooling Towers VOCs, PM, HAPs (e.g., benzene) Catalytic Reformers SOX, NOX, CO, HAPs (e.g., HCl,

dioxins), VOCs Cokers VOCs, PM, SOX

PM – Particulate Matter, VOCs – Volatile Organic Compounds, HAPs – Hazardous Air Pollutants, PAHs – Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Presented at IFPAC 2011, Baltimore, MD Jan 17-21, 2011 © Chevron 2010

Auxiliary Refinery Systems Needing GCs

Green House Gases • Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

o Byproduct of Combustion

• Methane (CH4)

o Main component of Natural Gas

• Nitrous Oxides (NOx)

o Combustion Byproduct

Presented at IFPAC 2011, Baltimore, MD Jan 17-21, 2011 © Chevron 2010

Process GC Needs

Shorter Cycle Times Increased Specificity More self correction Increase MTBF Reduced maintenance skill level requirement Increased ambient specifications Enhanced validation techniques

Presented at IFPAC 2011, Baltimore, MD Jan 17-21, 2011 © Chevron 2010

Questions

Conventional GC’s – �Where are you?����Carl Rechsteiner and Don Nettles��Chevron Energy Technology Co.��Talk Outline��Conventional Process GCs��Research Grade GCs��Small Size (Mini and Micro) GCs�Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Production Platform LabsGas Blender Ready To TravelSlide Number 10Process GC Applications Slide Number 12Gas Applications Slide Number 14Species Applications Slide Number 16Fingerprint and/or Yield Applications Slide Number 18Additional Refinery GC NeedsImportant Petroleum Industry PollutantsMajor Refinery Air Emissions Sources Auxiliary Refinery Systems Needing GCs�Process GC NeedsQuestions