Title 3 - Public Order 2007

8/11/2019 Title 3 - Public Order 2007

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Title ThreeCRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC ORDER

Chapter One. REBELLION, COUP D ETAT, SEDITIONAND DISLOYALTY

Article 13. Re!elli"n "r in#$rrecti"n % h"&

c"''itte(

Article 13)A. C"$p ( etat % h"& c"''itte(Article 13*. Penalt+ "r re!elli"n, in#$rrecti"n "r

c"$p ( etatArticle 13-. C"n#pirac+ an( pr"p"#al t" c"''it

c"$p ( etat, re!elli"n "r in#$rrecti"nArticle 13. Di#l"+alt+ " p$!lic "/cer# "r

e'pl"+ee#Article 130. Incitin t" re!elli"n "r #e(iti"nArticle 132. Se(iti"n % h"& c"''itte(Article 1. Penalt+ "r #e(iti"nArticle 11. C"n#pirac+ t" c"''it #e(iti"nArticle 14. Incitin t" #e(iti"n

Chapter T&". CRI5ES A6AINST POPULARREPRESENTATION

Secti"n One % Cri'e# aain#t lei#lati7e !"(ie#an( #i'ilar !"(ie#

Article 13. Act# ten(in t" pre7ent the 'eetin" the A##e'!l+ an( #i'ilar !"(ie#

Article 1. Di#t$r!ance " pr"cee(in#

Secti"n T&" % 8i"lati"n " parlia'entar+ i''$nit+Article 1*. 8i"lati"n " parlia'entar+ i''$nit+

Chapter Three. ILLE6AL ASSE5BLIES ANDASSOCIATIONS

Article 1-. Illeal a##e'!lie#Article 1. Illeal a##"ciati"n#

Chapter 9"$r. ASSAULT UPON, AND RESISTANCE ANDDISOBEDIENCE TO, PERSONS IN AUT:ORITY AND

T:EIR A6ENTS

Article 10. Direct a##a$lt#Article 12. In(irect a##a$lt#Article 1*. Di#"!e(ience t" #$''"n# i##$e( !+

the Nati"nal A##e'!l+, it# c"''ittee# "r #$!c"''ittee#, !+ the C"n#tit$ti"nal

C"''i##i"n#, it# c"''ittee#,#$!c"''ittee# "r (i7i#i"n#

Article 1*1. Re#i#tance an( (i#"!e(ience t" aper#"n in a$th"rit+ "r he aent# " #$ch per#"n

Article 1*4. Per#"n# in a$th"rit+ an( aent# "

per#"n# in a$th"rit+ % &h" #hall !e (ee'e( a# #$ch

Chapter 9i7e. PUBLIC DISORDERS

Article 1*3. T$'$lt# an( "ther (i#t$r!ance# "p$!lic "r(er % t$'$lt$"$# (i#t$r!ance "rinterr$pti"n lia!le t" ca$#e(i#t$r!ance

Article 1*. Unla&$l $#e " 'ean# "

p$!licati"n an( $nla&$l $tterance#

Article 1**. Alar'# an( #can(al#Article 1*-. Deli7erin pri#"ner# r"' ;ail

Chapter Si


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&ith "ther# act$all+ ta?in ar'# &ith the"7ern'ent.

It i# n"t nece##ar+that the p$rp"#e " the re!elli"n !eacc"'pli#he(.

6i7in ai( an(c"'"rt i# n"t cri'inal in re!elli"n.

Rebellion Tre&onLe7+in " &ar aain#tthe "7ern'ent ($rinpeace ti'e "r an+ " thep$rp"#e# in Article 13

Le7+in " &ar aain#tthe "7ern'ent, &henper"r'e( t" ai( theene'+ a(herence t"ene'+

Al&a+# in7"l7e# ta?in$p ar'# 7#. the"7ern'ent

5a+ !e c"''itte( !+'ere a(herence t" theene'+, i7in hi' ai( "rc"'"rt

Enrile vs. Salazar

A warrant was issued on an information filed by a panel ofprosecutors, charging Senator Enrile, the spouses Rebecco

and Erlinda Panlilio and Gregorio Honasan with the crime ofrebellion with murder and multiple frustrated murderallegedly committed during the failed coup attempt whichtook place from No! "# to $ec! %&!

HE'$( )he written and oral pleas for the defendants*Enrile et al!+ presented the S with three options( -irst,abandon Hernande. and adopt the minority iew e/pressedin the dissent that rebellion cannot absorb more seriouscrimes, and that under Article 01, rebellion may becomple/ed with common offenses! Second, holdHernande. applicable only to offenses committed infurtherance or as a necessary means for the commission ofrebellion, but not to acts committed in the course of arebellion which also constitute common crimes of grae orless grae character! )hird, maintain Hernande. as

applying to make rebellion absorb all other offensescommitted in its course, whether or not necessary to itscommission or furtherance thereof!

%% members of the S oted against abandoningHernande., while " felt the doctrine should be re2e/amined! 3ecause of this, the ruling remains good law, asno new challenges are presented in this case persuasieenough to warrant a complete reersal!

)his iew is reinforced by the fact that President A4uino,e/ercising her powers under the %#15 -reedomonstitution, repealed P!$! No! #0" of the former regimewhich sought to nullify Hernande. by enacting a newproision in the RP to the effect that 6when by reason, oron the occasion, of any of the crimes penali.ed in thishapter, acts which constitute offenses upon which graer

penalties are imposed by the law are committed, thepenalty for the more serious offense in its ma/imum periodshall be imposed upon the offender!7 )he president hasthen in effect reinstated Hernande. as binding doctrinewith the effect of law by legislatie fiat!

)he court unanimously oted to re8ect the second option!)he consensus was that the arguments were not sufficientto oercome the thrust of Hernande. to rule out thecomple/ing of rebellion with any other offense committedin its course under either of the aforecited clauses ofArticle 01!

9f Art! 01 were applied, and murder were not comple/edwith rebellion and the " crimes were punished separately,the e/treme penalty could be imposed upon him, een inthe absence of a single aggraating circumstance! )hus,said proision, if construed this way, would be unfaorableto the accused!

)hus, Hernande. remains binding doctrine operating toprohibit the comple/ing of rebellion with any other crime!)he S ruled by a ote of %% to : that the information filedagainst the petitioner does in fact charge an offense! )hatindictment is to be read as charging simple rebellion!

Ponce Enrile vs. Amin

)ogether with the information charging Enrile withrebellion comple/ed with murder in the R) of ;,prosecutors filed another information charging him foriolation of P!$! No! %1"# in the R) of

HE'$( ?ES

)he rebellion charges filed against Enrile in ;!! werebased on affidaits e/ecuted by " employees of a hotel whostated that Gringo and some %&& rebel soldiers attendedthe mass and birthday party held at the Enrile residence in$ec %, %#1#! 3ased on this testimony, the prosecution

concluded that Enrile@s talking with the rebel leader Gringoin his house in the presence of %&& armed soldiers, it canbe inferred that they were co2conspirators in the $ecembercoup attempt! )hus, the factual allegations supporting therebellion charge include the ery incident which gae riseto the charge of the iolation under P!$! %1"#!

Necessarily, being in conspiracy with Gringo, Enrile@salleged act of harboring or concealing was for no otherpurpose but in furtherance of the crime of rebellion thusconstituting a part thereof! 9t was motiated by the singleintent or resolution to commit the crime of rebellion! )hedecisie factor in political crimes is the intent or motie!9f Enrile is not charged with rebellion and he harbored orconcealed Gringo simply because the latter is a friend andformer associate, the motie for the act is completelydifferent! 3ut if the act is committed with politicalmoties, then it should be deemed to form part of thecrime of rebellion instead of being punished separately!

9nthis case, the act or harboring or concealing Gringo isclearly a mere component of rebellion or an act done infurtherance of rebellion! 9t cannot therefore be madebasis of a separate charge! All crimes, whether punishableunder special law or general law, which are merecomponents or ingredients, or committed in furtherancethereof, become absorbed in the crime of rebellion and

C2005 Criminal Law 2 Reviewer15


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cannot be isolated and charged as separate crimesthemseles!

People vs. Dasig

ne afternoon, Pfc!


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the killing was committed in furtherance of rebellion,hence, it should be absorbed in rebellion!

HE'$( lias contention that he should hae been chargedwith and tried for rebellion lacks factual and legal basis,hence, bereft of merit! )rue, one can be conicted only ofrebellion where the murders, robberies and kidnappingwere committed as a means to or furtherance of rebellion!

orollarily, offenses which were not committed infurtherance of the rebellion, but for personal reasons orother moties, are to be punished separately een ifcommitted simultaneously with the rebellious acts! 9n theinstant case, there was no eidence at all to show that thekilling of Cacinto


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" it# c"''"n character i perpetrate( "ran+ " the p$rp"#e# " re!elli"n.

Article 13. Con(ir&c+ &n% (ro(o&l toco$$it co!( %) et&t

There i# c"n#pirac+ t" c"''itre!elli"n &hen t&" "r '"re per#"n# c"'et" an aree'ent t" ri#e p$!licl+ an( ta?ear'# aain#t "7ern'ent "r an+ " thep$rp"#e# " re!elli"n an( (eci(e t" c"''itit.

There i# pr"p"#al t" c"''itre!elli"n &hen the per#"n &h" ha# (eci(e(t" ri#e p$!licl+ an( ta?e ar'# aain#t the"7ern'ent "r an+ " the p$rp"#e# "re!elli"n pr"p"#e# it# e$ire( that the"en(er ha# (eci(e( t"c"''it the re!elli"n

The per#"n &h" pr"p"#e#ha# (eci(e( t" c"''itre!elli"n

The act " incitin i#("ne p$!licl+

The per#"n &h" pr"p"#e#$#e# #ecret 'ean#

Article 13. Se%ition " ho# co$$itte%

Ele'ent#

1. Oen(er# ri#e p$!licl+ an( t$'$lt$"$#l+4. Oen(er# e'pl"+ "rce, inti'i(ati"n, "r

"ther 'ean# "$t#i(e " leal 'eth"(#3. P$rp"#e i# t" attain an+ " the "ll"&in

"!;ect#

a. T" pre7ent the pr"'$lati"n "re


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The p$rp"#e 'a+ !ep"litical "r #"cial

The p$rp"#e i# al&a+#p"litical

It i# #$/cient that thep$!lic $pri#in '$#t !et$'$lt$"$#

There '$#t !e ta?in $p" ar'# aain#t the"7ern'ent

People vs. Ca'rera

A constabulary soldier died as a result of an encounter witha policeman! His death engendered a desire for reengeagainst the police force on the part of the constabularysoldiers! )he ne/t day, constabulary soldiers escaped fromtheir barracks with rifles and ammunitions and diided intogroups for an attack upon the city police force! )hey firedindiscriminately along the streets of alle Real, killing apoliceman and wounding ciilians, including seeralpassengers of a passing streetcar! )hey attacked the 'unetaPolice Station and the office of the secret serice!

HE'$( )he crime committed was sedition! Sedition, in itsmore general sense, is the raising of commotions ordisturbances in the State! )he Philippine law on the sub8ectmakes all persons guilty of sedition who rise publicly and

tumultuously in order to obtain by force or outside of legalmethods any one of fie ob8ects, including that of inflictingany act of hate or reenge upon the person or property orany official or agent of the 9nsular Goernment or of aProincial or


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Se(iti"$# $tterance# arepr"hi!ite( !eca$#e the State #h"$l( n"t !ec"'pelle( t" &ait $ntil the apprehen(e((aner !eca'e certain, !e"re it canpr"tect it#el.

Unla&$l r$'"r '"nerin C"''itte( !+ an+

per#"n &h" #hall "er, p$!li#h, (i#tri!$te,circ$late an( #prea( r$'"r#, al#e ne an(in"r'ati"n an( "##ip, "r ca$#e thep$!licati"n, (i#tri!$ti"n, circ$lati"n "r#prea(in " the #a'e, &hich ca$#e "r ten( t"ca$#e panic, (i7i#i7e eect# a'"n the pe"ple,(i#cre(it "r (i#tr$#t "r the ($l+ c"n#tit$te(a$th"ritie#, $n(er'ine the #ta!ilit+ " the6"7ern'ent an( the "!;ecti7e# " the Ne&S"ciet+, en(aner the p$!lic "r(er, "r ca$#e(a'ae t" the intere#t "r cre(it " the #tate.P.D. N". 2J

)S vs. *olen+ino

A theatrical work entitled FDahapon Ngayon at 3ukas@,written by Aurelio )olentino, was presented by him andothers on


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Ele'ent#

1. There i# a pr";ecte( "r act$al 'eetin" C"nre## "r an+ " it# c"''ittee# "r#$!c"''ittee#, c"n#tit$ti"nal c"''i##i"n#"r c"''ittee# "r (i7i#i"n# there", "r "

an+ pr"7incial !"ar( "r cit+ "r '$nicipalc"$ncil "r !"ar(4. Oen(er, &h" 'a+ !e an+ per#"n,

pre7ent# #$ch 'eetin# !+ "rce "r ra$(.

Article 144. Dit!rb&nce o, (rocee%in2

Ele'ent#

1. There i# a 'eetin " C"nre## "r an+" it# c"''ittee# "r #$!c"''ittee#,c"n#tit$ti"nal c"''i##i"n# "r c"''ittee#"r (i7i#i"n# there", "r " an+ pr"7incial!"ar( "r cit+ "r '$nicipal c"$ncil "r !"ar(

4. Oen(er ("e# an+ " the "ll"&inact#

a. :e (i#t$r!# an+ " #$ch'eetin#

!. :e !eha7e# &hile in thepre#ence " an+ #$ch !"(ie# in #$ch a'anner a# t" interr$pt it# pr"cee(in#"r t" i'pair the re#pect ($e it.

The c"'plaint "r(i#t$r!ance " pr"cee(in# 'a+ !e Fle( !+a 'e'!er " a lei#lati7e !"(+.

One &h" (i#t$r!# the

pr"cee(in# " C"nre## 'a+ al#" !ep$ni#he( "r c"nte'pt !+ #$ch C"nre##.

Article 14*. 7iol&tion o, (&rli&$ent&r+i$$!nit+

Act# p$ni#ha!le

1. U#in "rce, inti'i(ati"n, threat#, "rra$(# t" pre7ent an+ 'e'!er " C"nre##r"' atten(in the 'eetin# " C"nre## "r" an+ " it# c"''ittee# "r #$!c"''ittee#,c"n#tit$ti"nal c"''i##i"n# "r c"''ittee#"r (i7i#i"n# there", "r r"' e


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Inten%e% to be Ue% in the M&n!,&ct!re o,8ire&r$ or A$$!nition % an+ per#"n &h"#hall $nla&$ll+ 'an$act$re, (eal in, ac>$ire,(i#p"#e, "r p"##e## an+ lo# (o#ere% :re&r$,#$ch a# ri'Fre han($n, .30 "r .34 an( "therFrear' " #i'ilar Frep"&er, part " Frear',a''$niti"n, "r 'achiner+, t""l "r in#tr$'ent$#e( "r inten(e( t" !e $#e( in the 'an$act$re

" an+ Frear' "r a''$niti"n. Pr"7i(e( that n""ther cri'e &a# c"''itte(.

:iher penalt+ #hall !e i'p"#e( i the Frear' i#cla##iFe( a# hi2h (o#ere% :re&r$ &hichincl$(e# th"#e &ith !"re# !ier in (ia'eterthan .30 cali!er an( 2 'illi'eter #$ch a#cali!er ., .1, ., .* an( al#" le##er cali!ere(Frear'# !$t c"n#i(ere( p"&er$l #$ch a#cali!er .3* an( cali!er .44 center)Fre 'an$'an( "ther Frear'# &ith Frin capa!ilit+ " $lla$t"'atic an( !+ !$r#t " t&" "r three.Pr"7i(e(, h"&e7er, that n" "ther cri'e &a#c"''itte( !+ the per#"n arre#te(.

I h"'ici(e "r '$r(er i# c"''itte( &ith the $#e

" an $nlicen#e( Frear', #$ch $#e " an$nlicen#e( Frear' #hall !e c"n#i(ere( a# anara7atin circ$'#tance.

I the 7i"lati"n " thi# Secti"n i# in $rtherance ""r inci(ent t", "r in c"nnecti"n &ith the cri'e "re!elli"n "r in#$rrecti"n, #e(iti"n, "r atte'pte(c"$p (tat, #$ch 7i"lati"n #hall !e a!#"r!e( a#an ele'ent " the cri'e " re!elli"n, "rin#$rrecti"n, #e(iti"n, "r atte'pte( c"$p (tat.

The #a'e penalt+ #hall !e i'p"#e( $p"n the"&ner, pre#i(ent, 'anaer, (irect"r "r "therre#p"n#i!le "/cer " an+ p$!lic "r pri7ate Fr',c"'pan+, c"rp"rati"n "r entit+, &h" #hall&ill$ll+ "r ?n"&inl+ all"& an+ " the Frear'#

"&ne( !+ #$ch Fr', c"'pan+, c"rp"rati"n "rentit+ t" !e $#e( !+ an+ per#"n "r per#"n#"$n( $ilt+ " 7i"latin the pr"7i#i"n# " theprece(in pararaph# "r &ill$ll+ "r ?n"&inl+all"& an+ " the' t" $#e $nlicen#e( Frear'# "rFrear'# &ith"$t an+ leal a$th"rit+ t" !e carrie("$t#i(e " their re#i(ence in the c"$r#e " theire'pl"+'ent. 1J

4. Unl,!l M&n!,&ct!re- S&le- Ac9!iition-Di(oition or Poeion o, E;(loi6e Qan+ per#"n &h" #hall $nla&$ll+ 'an$act$re,a##e'!le, (eal in, ac>$ire, (i#p"#e "r p"##e##han( rena(e#J, ri=e rena(e#J, an( "there


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,irearm.)herefore, the trial court then committed anerror in holding the accused2appellant guilty thereof!

People vs. De 9racia 1((4"

)he rule is that ownership is not an essential

element of illegal possession of firearms and

ammunition! :-a+ +-e law re8/ires is merel3possession w-ic- incl/des no+ onl3 ac+/al p-3sicalpossession '/+ also cons+r/c+ive possession or +-es/'6ec+ion o, +-e +-ing +o one;s con+rol andmanagemen+.)his has to be so if the manifest intentof the law is to be effectie! )he same eils, the sameperils to public security, which the law penali.es e/istwhether the unlicensed holder of a prohibited weaponbe its owner or a borrower! )o accomplish the ob8ectof this law the proprietary concept of the possessioncan hae no bearing whatsoeer!

But is the mere fact of physical or constructive

possession sufficient to convict a person for unlawfulpossession of firearms or must there be an intent topossess to constitute a violation of the law? )his4uery assumes significance since the offense of illegal

possession of firearms is a malum prohibitumpunishedby a special law, in which case good faith and absenceof criminal intent are not alid defenses!

Bhen the crime is punished by a special law, as a

rule, intent to commit the crime is not necessary! + iss/,,icien+ +-a+ +-e o,,ender -as +-e in+en+ +operpe+ra+e +-e ac+ pro-i'i+ed '3 +-e special law.9ntent to commit the crime and in+en+ +o perpe+ra+e+-e ac+must be distinguished! A person may not haeconsciously intended to commit a crimeI but he didintend to commit an act, and that act is, by the erynature of things, the crime itself! 9n the first *intentto commit the crime+, there must be criminal intentIin the second *intent to perpetrate the act+ it isenough that the prohibited act is done freely andconsciously!

A distinction should be made between criminal

intent and in+en+ +o possess! Bhile mere possession,without criminal intent, is sufficient to conict aperson for illegal possession of a firearm, i+ m/s+ s+ill'e s-own +-a+ +-ere was animus possidendi or anin+en+ +o possess on +-e par+ o, +-e acc/sed. Suchintent to possess is, howeer, without regard to anyother criminal or felonious intent which the accusedmay hae harbored in possessing the firearm! riminalintent here refers to the intention of the accused tocommit an offense with the use of an unlicensedfirearm! )his is not important in conicting a personunder Presidential $ecree No! %155! Hence, in orderthat one may be found guilty of a iolation of thedecree, i+ is s/,,icien+ +-a+ +-e acc/sed -ad noa/+-ori+3 or license +o possess a ,irearm and +-a+-e in+ended +o possess +-e same even i, s/c-

possession was made in good ,ai+- and wi+-o/+criminal in+en+.

oncomitantly, a +emporar3 inciden+al cas/al

or -armless possession or con+rol o, a ,irearmcanno+ 'e considered a viola+ion o, a s+a+/+epro-i'i+ing +-e possession o, +-is 7ind o, weapon,such as Presidential $ecree No! %155! )hus, al+-o/g-+-ere is p-3sical or cons+r/c+ive possession ,or aslong as +-e animus possidendiis a'sen+ +-ere is noo,,ense commi++ed.

People vs. 9arcia 2002"

)ioleco was kidnapped while he was 8ogging alone in themorning! His abductors took him to a house in -airiew,where the accused Rogel and 'ariba were assigned towatch oer him! Bhen the police discoered the hideout,Rogel and 'ariba immediately ran to a room in the housewhere seeral unlicensed firearms were stored! 3oth were

conicted of Didnapping for Ransom AN$ 9llegal Possessionof -irearms!

HE'$( Rogel and 'ariba cannot be held liable for illegalpossession of firearms and ammunitions there beinganother crime 2 kidnapping for ransom 2 which they wereperpetrating at the same time!

nder R!A! 1"#0, if an unlicensed firearm is used in thecommission of any crime, there can be no separate offenseof simple illegal possession of firearms! )he language of thenew law demonstrates the legislatie intent to faor theaccused! )he law is clear( the accused can be conicted ofsimple illegal possession of firearms, proided that noother crime was committed by the person arrested! 9f theintention of the law in the second paragraph were to referonly to homicide and murder, it should hae e/pressly saidso, as it did in the third paragraph! Bhere the law does notdistinguish, neither should we!

People vs. Cas+illo 2000"

Bilhelmina was kidnapped by persons pretending to beinterested buyers of real estate! She was brought to asafehouse in ;ue.on ity, where the accused Gon.ales wasassigned to watch oer her at all times! Gon.ales carriedan unlicensed firearm while watching oer Bilhelmina!Bhen the police discoered the safehouse, Gon.alesimmediately threw his firearm away from him! )he policefound more unlicensed firearms in another room in thehouse! Gon.ales was conicted of 9llegal Possession of-irearms, with penalty deried from P!$! %155!

HE'$( )he penalty imposed on him by the trial courte/ceeded that prescribed by law! nder Republic Act No!1"#0, amending P! $! No! %155, the penalty for illegalpossession of firearm classified as high powered isprisionmayor minimum or si/ *5+ years and one *%+ day to eight *1+years and a fine of thirty thousand *P:&,&&&!&&+ pesos!Here, the offense was committed on Noember "M, %##"!Since the amendatory law is faorable to the accused, itshall be gien retroactie application!

People vs.


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ara7atin circ$'#tance &hen the"en(er Mi# a p$!lic "/cer "r e'pl"+ee.

Kn"&le(e " theacc$#e( that the 7icti' i# a per#"n ina$th"rit+ "r hi# aent i# e##ential. Thein"r'ati"n '$#t allee #$ch ?n"&le(e.

It i# n"t nece##ar+

that the per#"n in a$th"rit+ "r hi# aent !ein the act$al per"r'ance " "/cial ($t+&hen attac?e( "r #eri"$#l+ inti'i(ate(.

Attac? 'a+ !e ("ne!+ rea#"n " the per"r'ance " ($t+ %'ean# !+ rea#"n " the pa#t per"r'ance" "/cial ($t+, e7en i at the ti'e " thea##a$lt n" "/cial ($t+ &a# !ein(i#chare(.

E7i(ence " '"ti7e i#i'p"rtant &hen the per#"n in a$th"rit+ "rhi# aent i# n"t in the act$al per"r'ance" ($t+ &hen attac?e(.

Direct a##a$lt " the

#ec"n( "r' i# >$aliFe( &heno The a##a$lt i#

c"''itte( &ith a &eap"n, "ro The "en(er i# a

p$!lic "/cer " e'pl"+ee, "ro The "en(er la+#

han(# $p"n a per#"n in a$th"rit+. The cri'e " #liht

ph+#ical in;$rie# i# a!#"r!e( in (irecta##a$lt, !eca$#e it i# the nece##ar+c"n#e>$ence " the "rce "r 7i"lence $#e(.Seri"$# ph+#ical in;$rie#, '$r(er "rh"'ici(e 'a+ !e c"'ple


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p"&er " in>$ir+, &hich i# e##ential t"lei#lati7e $ncti"n#.

Thi# article &ill n"tappl+ i the paper# 'a+ !e $#e( ine7i(ence aain#t the "&ner, !eca$#e it&"$l( !e c"'pellin hi' t" !e a &itne##aain#t hi'#el. Sel)incri'inati"n i# a

7ali( e


16/19

Article 1*3. T!$!lt &n% other%it!rb&nce o, (!blic or%er " t!$!lt!o!%it!rb&nce or interr!(tion li&ble to c&!e%it!rb&nce

Act# p$ni#ha!le

1. Ca$#in an+ #eri"$# (i#t$r!ance in ap$!lic place, "/ce "r e#ta!li#h'ent

4. Interr$ptin "r (i#t$r!inper"r'ance#, $ncti"n# "r atherin#, "rpeace$l 'eetin#, i the act i# n"tincl$(e( in Article# 131 an( 134

3. 5a?in an+ "$tcr+ ten(in t" incite

re!elli"n "r #e(iti"n in an+ 'eetin,a##"ciati"n "r p$!lic place. Di#pla+in placar(# "r e'!le'# &hich

pr"7"?e a (i#t$r!ance " p$!lic "r(er in#$ch place

*. B$r+in &ith p"'p the !"(+ " aper#"n &h" ha# !een leall+ e


17/19

("c$'ent &ith"$t pr"per a$th"rit+, "r!e"re the+ ha7e !een p$!li#he( "/ciall+

. Printin, p$!li#hin "r (i#tri!$tin "rca$#in the #a'eJ !""?#, pa'phlet#,peri"(ical#, "r lea=et# &hich (" n"t !earthe real printer# na'e, "r &hich arecla##iFe( a# an"n+'"$#.

'a+ en(aner % 'ean# thatact$al p$!lic (i#"r(er "r act$al (a'ae t"the cre(it " the State i# n"t nece##ar+.

The "en(er '$#t ?n"& thatthe ne i# al#e, t" !e lia!le $n(er thi#article.

R.A. 40 pr"hi!it# thereprintin, repr"($cti"n "r rep$!licati"n ""7ern'ent p$!licati"n# an( "/cial("c$'ent# &ith"$t "/cial a$th"rit+.

Article 1**. Al&r$ &n% c&n%&l

Act# p$ni#ha!le

1. Di#charin an+ Frear', r"c?et,Frecrac?er, "r "ther e$ence.

Di#chare " Frecrac?er# "rr"c?et# ($rin Fe#ta# n"t c"7ere( !+ thi#article.

Chari7ari % a 'e(le+ " (i#c"r(ant 7"ice#, a '"c? #erena(e "(i#c"r(ant n"i#e# 'a(e "n ?ettle#, tin#,h"rn#, etc. (e#ine( t" ann"+ an( in#$lt.

I the (i#t$r!ance i# " #eri"$#nat$re, the ca#e all# $n(er Article 1*3.

Article 1*. Deli6erin2 (rioner ,ro$ @&il

Ele'ent#

1. There i# a per#"n c"nFne( in a ;ail "rpenal e#ta!li#h'ent

4. Oen(er re'"7e# therer"' #$chper#"n, "r help# the e#cape " #$ch per#"n.

Applie# t" an+ ?in( " pri#"ner,

&hether (etenti"n pri#"ner "r pri#"ner !+Fnal ;$('ent.

8i"lence, inti'i(ati"n "r!ri!er+ increa#e# the applica!le penalt+.

I the e#cape " the pri#"nerta?e# place "$t#i(e " #ai( e#ta!li#h'ent#!+ ta?in the $ar(# !+ #$rpri#e, thepenalt+ i# the 'ini'$' peri"( " thatpre#cri!e(.

Ghat i# the lia!ilit+ " thepri#"ner &h" e#cape#Ho I he i# a

(etenti"n pri#"ner, #$ch per#"n i# n"tcri'inall+ lia!le. A pri#"ner i#

cri'inall+ lia!le "r lea7in the penalin#tit$ti"n "nl+ &hen there i# e7a#i"n" #er7ice " #entence, &hich can !ec"''itte( "nl+ !+ a c"n7ict !+ Fnal;$('ent.

Al'er+o vs. Dela Cr/z

$ena4ue escaped while working on the goernor@s fence!Petition to include as defendants Goernor ledera andassistant proincial warden Esmeralda due to the beliefthat they had a hand in the escape of Pablo $ena4ue!Allegedly, the goernor sent a note to Esmeralda asking forfie men to work on his fence!

HE'$( )he Goernor and Esmeralda cannot be prosecutedfor the offense! 9t is necessary that the public officerconsented to or connied in the escape of the prisonerunder his custody! 9f the public officer charged with theduty of guarding him does not connie with the fugitie,then he has not iolated the law and is not guilty of thecrime! Article %5 is usually committed by an outsider! 9fthe offender is a public officer, then Article "": applies!

Article 1*/. E6&ion o, er6ice o,entence

Ele'ent#

1. Oen(er i# a c"n7ict !+ Fnal ;$('ent4. :e i# #er7in #entence &hich c"n#i#t#

in the (epri7ati"n " li!ert+3. :e e7a(e# #er7ice " hi# #entence !+

e#capin ($rin the ter' " hi#i'pri#"n'ent.

@$ali+in circ$'#tance# a# t" penalt+i'p"#e(

I #$ch e7a#i"n "r e#cape ta?e# place )

C2005 Criminal Law 2 Reviewer!0


18/19

1. B+ 'ean# " $nla&$l entr+ thi# #h"$l(!e M!+ #calin i c"rrect Spani#htran#lati"n i# $#e(J

4. B+ !rea?in (""r#, &in(", ate#,&all#, r""# "r =""r#

3. B+ $#in pic?l"c?, al#e ?e+#, (i#$i#e,

(eceit, 7i"lence "r inti'i(ati"n "r. Thr"$h c"nni7ance &ith "therc"n7ict# "r e'pl"+ee# " the penalin#tit$ti"n.

E#cape % =ee r"', t" a7"i(,t" et "$t " the &a+, a# t" =ee t" a7"i(arre#t. Pri#"ner# #een l"iterin a e&'eter# a&a+ r"' the cit+ ;ail are n"tc"n#i(ere( t" ha7e e#cape(.

Thi# article i# applica!le t" a#entence " (e#tierr".

*anega vs. asa7a3an

)anega was found guilty of slander! He failed to show up onthe day of the e/ecution of the sentence imposed!

HE'$( nder Article %M, escape should take place whilesering the sentence! -or prescription of penalty ofimprisonment imposed by final 8udgment to commence torun, the culprit should escape during the term of suchimprisonment! Neer placed in confinement, prescriptionof penalty does not run in )anega@s faor!

People vs. A'ilong

Abilong was sentenced to destierro by irtue of final8udgment for attempted robbery! He iolated this

8udgment by going beyond the limits made against him, andcommitted agrancy!

HE'$( Abilong is guilty of easion of serice of sentence forhaing iolated the 8udgment of destierro against him!$estierro is a depriation of liberty *though partial+ and hemay escape from the restrictions of the penalty!

Article 1*. E6&ion o, er6ice o,entence on the occ&ion o, %ior%er-con&2r&tion- e&rth9!&=e- or otherc&l&$itie

Ele'ent#

1. Oen(er i# a c"n7ict !+ Fnal ;$('ent,&h" i# c"nFne( in a penal in#tit$ti"n

4. There i# (i#"r(er, re#$ltin r"' %a. c"n=arati"n!. earth>$a?ec. e


19/19

"$n( $ilt+ " a #$!#e>$ent "en#e !e"rehe can !e pr"#ec$te( $n(er thi# article.

The ($rati"n " the c"n(iti"n# in a par("n&"$l( !e li'ite( t" the re'ainin peri"( "the pri#"ner# #entence, UNLESS anintenti"n t" e$ire# that the"en(er ha# #er7e( "$t hi# #entence# "rthe pri"r "en#e. In >$a#i reci(i7i#', the

"en(er i# !einnin t" #er7e the #entence"r i# alrea(+ #er7in the #entence.

@$a#i)reci(i7i#' cann"t !e"#et !+ "r(inar+ 'itiatin circ$'#tance,!eca$#e the article pr"7i(e# that the"en(er #hall !e p$ni#he( !+ the'a

Documents

Title 3 - Public Order 2007