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TITANIUM and Cu-Ni Properties & Characteristics Titanium’s Comparative Advantages
Regis BaldauffMarket Director, T.I. Industrial9855 – 1 Mining DriveJacksonville, FL 32257
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
PROPERTYTitanium Grade 2 90-10 Cu-Ni 70-30 Cu-Ni
KSI MPa KSI MPa KSI MPa
Tensile Strength (min) 50 345 40 275 52 360
Yield Strength (min) 40 275 15 105 18 125
Yield Strength (max) 65 450 --- ---
Elongation 20% 30% 15%
Performance metal solutions.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIESPROPERTY Titanium Grade 2 90-10 Cu-Ni 70-30 Cu-Ni
Elastic Modulus ( 106 psi ) 16 18 22
Thermal Expansion Coeff. 4.8 9.5 9( Micro in/in 0F)
Thermal Conductivity 150 348 204( BTU/hr-ft2
0F/in)
Density ( lbs/in3 ) 0.163 0.323 0.323
Hardness (HRB) 85 65 70
Thermal Expansion Coefficient for HY 80 Steel = approx. 6.0 Micro in/in 0F(less stress with titanium to steel connections)
CORROSION RESISTANCE
Cu-Ni Titanium
• General R / S R / I• Crevice S R / I < 200 0F• Pitting S I• SCC S I• Fatigue S R• Galvanic S I• MIC (Microbes) S I• Erosion S R• Weld (HAZ) S R / I
S = Susceptible R = Resistant I = Immune
Performance metal solutions.
CONCERNS – Cu-Ni
ErosionReduced Water Flow - Limited to 6–12 ft/sec(Larger Size Pipe & Fittings for Cooling Water Volume)
ToxicityChlorination Used for Cleaning Cu-Ni Systems is Toxic, Forming Cupric Chloride - Poisoning Port Waters (Limits the Ship’s Days in U.S. Ports & EPA Restrictions)
WeightDoubles (& More) for Pipe & Fittings’ Systems
FireLower Melting Point –2065 0F – 2200 0F
Life-Cycle Cost Cu-Ni Requires System Replacements (Tear Down & Replacement Labor & Material Costs)
Service FailuresDe-Salination Units in Mid & Far-East (High Maintenance or Fail / Corrode After Few Years)
Performance metal solutions.
SOLUTIONS - Titanium
Highly Resistant to Erosion Water Velocity~20-100 ft/secAllows Reduced Pipe Sizes & Reduces Weight
Non-Toxic I– Chlorination Has No Effect on Titanium. No Metal Carryover.Immune to Chlorides. High Velocity Water Flow – Option (w/o any Erosion)
Reduced Weight 57% to 72% Using Reduced Pipe Size. Both OD & Wall Factor In Weights. 50% From Density Alone (0.163 lbs/in3 vs. 0.323 lbs/in3)
High Melting Point1660 0C (3020 0F)
Marine/NavyLasts the Life of The Ship & More. Remove, Clean and Re-Use in Another Pipe System
Titanium Tubes Replace Cu-Ni in De-Salination Units
Performance metal solutions.
CORROSION RESISTANCE - TITANIUM Immune to: Seawater/Brackish & Polluted Waters
Immune to: MIC
(Microbiologically Induced/Influenced Corrosion)
Fully Resistant: Crevice Corrosion< 80 0C (175 0F)
SCC (Stress Corrosion Cracking)PittingCavitation
50 Years of Trouble-Free Seawater Service in Chemical, Oil Refining & De-Salination Systems
Titanium Replaced Cu-Ni in Off-Shore Firemain & Service Water Piping Systems
Performance metal solutions.
EROSION RESISTANCE - TITANIUM
Tenacious Stable (ceramic-like) Oxide Film Instantaneous Re-Healing Superior Resistance to:AbrasionImpingement AttackErosionErosion – CorrosionTurbulenceCavitationHigh Fluid Velocities: Seawater: 90 - 120 ft/sec Sand-Laden Seawater: 15 - 20+ ft/sec[ Cu-Ni – Seawater Velocity approx. 6 to 12 ft/sec ]
Performance metal solutions.
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
5" Sch 10 6" Sch 10 8" Sch 10 10" Sch 10 12" Sch 10 14" Sch 10
Lbs / Ft
Pipe Size
Ti Sch 10
Cu‐Ni Class 200
Ti Sch 10 - vs. - Cu-Ni Class 200 Weight of Pipe
Performance metal solutions.
TITANIUM REDUCED PIPE SIZES - PIPE WEIGHTS Ti Sch 10, Cu-Ni Class 200 PT
152 249 323534
7711073
391 583
10581528
2405
3805
05001000150020002500300035004000
2"Ti 3"Cu‐Ni
3"Ti 4"Cu‐Ni
4"Ti 6"Cu‐Ni
6"Ti 8"Cu‐Ni
8"Ti 10"Cu‐Ni
10"Ti12"Cu‐Ni
Ti Sch 10Cu‐Ni Class 200
Lbs. Per 100 ft. of PipeLbs. Per 100 ft. of Pipe
Performance metal solutions.
WEIGHT COMPARISON- TITANIUM VS. COPPER - NICKEL
Performance metal solutions.
BASIS : TITANIUM [SCH 10] vs. CU-NI [CLASS 200]Ti Cu-Ni PIPE
Pipe OD WALL Pipe WALL WEIGHT WEIGHT WEIGHTTi Actual Nominal Cu-Ni Nominal Gr. 2 Ti Cu-Ni REDUCTION
in in in lbs/100 ft lbs/100 ft lbs/100 ft %
2" Sch 10 2.375 0.109 2" Class 200 0.083 152 229 77 343" Sch 10 3.500 0.120 3" Class 200 0.095 249 391 142 364" Sch 10 4.500 0.120 4" class 200 0.109 323 583 260 456" Sch 10 6.625 0.134 6" Class 200 0.134 534 1,058 524 508" Sch 10 8.625 0.148 8" Class 200 0.148 771 1,528 757 50
10" Sch 10 10.750 0.165 10" Class 200 0.187 1,073 2,405 1,332 5512" Sch 10 12.750 0.180 12" Class 200 0.250 1,390 3,805 2,415 63
TITANIUM WEIGHT SAVINGS
Titanium Pipe Cu-Ni Pipe Weight Saved
2” Sch 10 3” Class 200 61%
3” Sch 10 4” Class 200 57%
4” Sch 10 6” Class 200 69%
6” Sch 10 8” Class 200 65%
8” Sch 10 10” Class 200 68%
10” Sch 10 12” Class 200 72%Performance metal solutions.
SHOCK RESISTANCE - Sy/√Eρ/386
Sy Yield Stress psi (actual) (used 50,000 psi)√ Square RootE Modulus of Elasticity 14.9 x 106 psiρ Density .163 lbs/in3
386 Constant 1/Sec2____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ti Grade 9 [3 – 2.5] 0.95Ti Grade 2 0.63
Inconel 625™ 0.55Monel 400 0.24316 Stainless Steel 0.2170-30 Cu-Ni 0.15
Performance metal solutions.
SHOCK RESISTANCE [103 in/sec]
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
1
Ti Gr2 90/10 70/30 316 SS 400 625 Ti Gr9
Ti Gr. 290/10 Cu-Ni70/30 Cu-Ni316 SSMonel 400Inconel 625Ti Gr. 9
Performance metal solutions.
TITANIUM VOLUME SAVINGS
Titanium Pipe Cu-Ni Pipe Volume Saved
2” Sch 10 3” Class 200 54% 3” Sch 10 4” Class 200 40%
4” Sch 10 6” Class 200 54%
6” Sch 10 8” Class 200 41%
8” Sch 10 10” Class 200 36%
10” Sch 10 12” Class 200 29%
Performance metal solutions.
TITANIUM ADVANTAGES
Higher Mechanical Strength
Light Weight (Low Density) [Wgt. = 1/2 of Cu-Ni]
Thermal Expansion - Close to Steel [= Lower Stress at Connections]
High Shock Resistance - Over 4X Cu-Ni
Very High Erosion Resistance - High Hardnesswith a Ceramic-Like Stable Surface Oxide
Greater Water Flow Volume & Higher Velocities to 20X Cu-Ni
Compatible with Composites Performance metal solutions.
TITANIUM ADVANTAGES Cont’d.
• Fire Resistant -Ti Melting Point@ 1660 0C (3020 0F)
90-10 Cu-Ni = 1130 0C (2065 0F)70-30 Cu-Ni = 1205 0C (2200 0F)• Corrosion Immunity – All Seawaters; MIC &
Stagnant Waters; Wet Chlorine & No Pitting• Volume Compartment/Space Savings by
Reducing Pipe OD Sizes = 29% to 54%• Life Cycle Cost Savings• Environmentally Friendly – No EPA Issues
Performance metal solutions.
TITANIUM in SEAWATER SERVICEFiremain Systems Pipe, Flanges, Fittings, Pumps & Hydrants -On Board Ship & Off-Shore Oil RigsDe-Salination: Piping for Reverse Osmosis & Multi Stage Flash UnitsInput Service Water Piping: Plant Heat ExchangersCondenser & Heat Exchanger Tubing: SystemSeawater Cooling - Nuclear & Fossil Utility Plants & Ships for Steam, Distillation, Refrigeration, A/C, Heaters & Coolers (Shell & Tube and Plate & Frame)Valves: Butterfly, Globe, BallSprinkler Systems & Nozzles
Performance metal solutions.
TITANIUM in SEAWATER SERVICE cont..
Refineries: Condensing Salt Water from Crude
Navy Shipboard* & Off-Shore Rigs:Emergency Stop Switch Boxes (Weather Deck)Light Boxes (Weather Deck)HVAC – Air Vent Ducting (Under Insulation)H.E. Coolers – Lube Oil / Engine Jacket / Quench Water / Natural Gas / Seawater & Fresh Water Tanks
*On CG 47 (Cruiser); DDG 51(Destroyer); LHA-2;LPD-17, 18, 19, 20, 21; CVN (Carriers) & Subs
Performance metal solutions.
Conclusion
Titanium Advantages
Immune to Seawater
Maintenance Reduction
Increased Water Velocities
Weight Savings
Decreased Structural and Hanger Demand
Space Savings
Life Cycle Cost Savings
Compatible with Composites
High Scrap Value Upon Equipment/Plant Decommissioning
Performance metal solutions.