RAJIVE GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HELTH AND SCIENCEKARNATAKA BANGALORE

1. NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND ADDRESS

ROHINI .H. NAIK#2345/32, 2nd Main, 4th Cross, Lenin Nagar,Nittuvalli New Extn.,Davangere.

2. NAME OF THE INSTITUTION

Vivakananda College of Nursing, Chitradurga.

3. COURSE STUDY AND SUBJECT

Master in Nursing Pediatric Nursing

4. DATE OF ADMISSION 11-07-2008

5. TITLE OF THE STUDY Assess observation of structured teaching

programme on prevention of scabies among

mother residing in selected slums of

Chitradurga

6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK

“ GOD BLESS THE CHILDREN WITH GENTLE

HEART WHO FIND THE BEAUTY OF THIS

WORLD ”

-William and James Craig

Scabies is a disease caused by parasite

called as sarcoptes which is teny organisms.

the female organisms burrows the upper most

layer of the skin, lays eggs after burrowing

skin the eggs has hatch the young mites one

released which move freely over the surface of

the skin.

The name sarcasptes scabies is derived

from the greek word “Sark”[flesh] and koptein

[tocut] and the latin word “Scabene”[to

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scratch]. Scabies was first described more than

2500 year ego.

An appraisal of the relative frequency of

diseases responsible for admissions in Indian

hospitals revealed the various interrelated

conditions to the ill health and poor growth of

children. The major problem is due to poor

education and knowledge. knowledge can be

enhanced through mothers. To ensure good

and healthy development of people, meeting

the basic health needs at younger age is a

must. To improve the health status, health

education is needed.

Preventing the disease is more important

as the disease spread in the community. Over

crowding which enables easy contact of the

unaffected person with those effected. This is

established by the fact that the disease is more

common in the under developing country.

The Scabies spreads rapidly in the poor

class, because of lack of personal hygiene and

mal nutrition and over crowding. Close contact

for 15 to 20 minutes with an infection person

adequate for the transmission of disease.

Prolonged intimate, personal contact

especially within a hose hold is significant

factor in the trans mission -5.

Teaching health aspects can include

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various areas like personal and environment

hygiene lifestyle, habit formation etc., Among

these the basic need is personal cleanliness.

Many of the common infections like scabies

ascariasis can be prevented by good personal

hygiene by giving of health education to

mothers.

Creating awareness among mothers is

essential to ensure practice of good hygiene.

Health education will bring forth changes in

the lifestyle that are set in children. Prevention

costs less than cure and promotes health. This

can be aided best by impetrating knowledge

under five children are more susceptible to

health problem. Mothers need to be educated

regarding health practices which helps to

promote their children health and health of the

community as a whole.

6.1 NEED FOR STUDY : “ Every child should be taught, early in life,

that to preserve his own life and his own

health and the lives and health of others, is

one of his most important and constantly

abiding duties.”

- Lemuel Shattuex

Scabies is a very common disease seen

among children under 10 years and more so in

children below 5 years. Scabies is more see in

people who are believing in socio-

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economically backward conditions. Scabies

spreads more rapidly in the poor class because

of lack of personal hygiene, mal nutrition and

over crowding, which enables direct contact of

the unaffected person with those who are

affected. This is established by the fact that the

disease is more common in the under

developing and developing countries.

Though it is not possible to improve the

socio-economic status, incidence of scabies

can be brought down by giving proper

education regarding personal hygiene,

nutritional status, prevention of contact with

the effected person.

The role of mother in this regard is

crucial. Hence it is worth wile to make on

attempt in this aspect which can dramatically

reduce the incidence of scabies.

Foundation for proper physicals and

psychological development of children is one

of the stated objectives of Integrated Child

Development Programme. This can not be

achieved unless a positive change in maternal

attitude is accomplished. Majority of the

mothers are fond to be apathetic, towards the

health, education and play of their children.

The prevalence of soil transmitted

helminthic infection, living condition and

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practices relation to personal hygiene were

studied in school girls of Sri Lanka. The

prevalence of ascarias and trichuris infection

was significantly higher in the urban area.

These findings were associated with poor

living conditions and inadequate personal

hygiene.

Global Scabies Control

The obvious first step in global scabies

control is for health authorities to set up

national and international reporting systems,

such has one in “Denmark”. This

epidemiological foundation is a that for the

start of an elimination process. There is a

evidence that health education and improved

diagnosis will help grater reduction of scabies.

According to studies there is an absolute

need for good reporting system, so that the

concerned authorities can take necessary step

to control and eradicate scabies. This opinion

as also been expressed by some health

authorities who fond that this procedure is

followed in “Denmark”.

The African Perspective

The prevalence of scabies in Africa is

different in the various region. Most of the

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patients in Uganda are children, crusted

scabies was frequently diagnosed in mentally

or physically handicapped children who were

neglected by their relatives as well as HIV

patients.

A study on dermatology clinic attach to

the Hamuzu Central Hospital was conducted

with children as its target population. The

study suggest patients living in rural settings

have higher incidence rush of scabies during

the cold season which my effects because of

overcrowding in the house.

An epidemiologic survey was conducted

in a population of 1,727 persons living in 253

households in semi urban area of Goa, India.

The prevalence of scabies 22.5% by

households and 22.8% by families. This was

highly associated with under five age children.

After referring to the above stated

studies the investigator felt that due to so many

causes the scabies is prevalence in large scale

among poor class. It is also felt that some

health education may help these folk to

prevent scabies and to lead a healthy life. In

this background it was felt that there is an

absolute need to study that rate of prevalence

of scabies among slum children and also to

extend health education for these people

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including mothers and other care givers.

6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Literature review refers to the activities

involved in identifying and searching for

information on a topic and developing a

comprehensive picture of the stat of

knowledge on that topic. Related literature,

both research and non-research, was explored

to broaden the understanding and gain an

insight into the selected problems under study.

The present study was aimed to study the

effectiveness of a structure teaching

programme on scabies for mothers under five

children.

Scabies as diseases entity has been

known to man from very dawn of civilization.

Scientific studies on scabies were made only

often 1687 when Bonomo and Cestoni

discovered hitch mite and established its

etiological role in the disease.

Scabies a very common infestation with

the mite sarcopics scabies, can affect large

population. Epidemics of scabies can occur in

hospitals residential institute in school etc.,

Scabies is very particular diseases of

children. Among children the prevalence is

highest in age group below 5 years. There is

decreasing prevalence with increasing age.

Foundation for proper physicals and

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psychological development of children is one

of the stated objectives of Integrated Child

Development Programme. This can not be

achieved unless a positive change in maternal

attitude is accomplished. Majority of the

mothers are fond to be apathetic, towards the

health, education and play of their children.

Over crowding especially with

regarding to sleeping space is an imparted

contribution factor transmission Indirect

spread by clothing bedding are other forments

also are there.

Close contact for 15to20 minits within

infected person adequate for the transmission

of disease. Prolonged intimate personal contact

especially, within a household is significant

factor in the transmission.

A randomly selected sample of 7,445

persons from north –west rural area of kasmir

were examined to assess the incidence of

scabies by Bandary, Shas, Ali, Ganjoo, Ganai

Mattoo (1985). The sample were subjected to

physical and microscopic examination

technique. Out of the total samples 322

confirmed cases of scabies amounting to a

prevalence rate of 4.33 percent with male

preponderance (5.24 %) and a sex ratio of

1.3 :1. The diseases was found to be more in

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prevalent among the persons with

unsatisfactory personal hygiene (6.03%).

The reviewed literature indicate that

children are more susceptible to get infection

like scabies. These infection are mostly due to

poor personal hygiene over crowding. Studies

also showed that mothers under five poor

knowledge and practice on personal hygiene.

Structure teaching programme are necessary to

make them aware about healthy practices to

lead a better life and prevent infectious

diseases.

Significant in Australian Indigenous

Communities

Scabies is major problems in Aboriginal

communities in Australia, relating primarily

to levels of poverty and overcrowding.

According to Carapetis et al. prevalences for

scabies of 25% in adults from these

communities. Higher rates in schoolchildren

were he recorded, with prevalence rates of 30

to 65%. Scabies is increasingly recognized as

in children in these communities.

Poverty, Over crowding, and Poor Hygiene

The relationship between the prevalence

of scabies and the relative levels of poverty,

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crowding, and hygiene within a community is

complex. This evidence is Shows that scabies

is not influenced by hygiene practices or the

availability of water. Where there is high

standards of hygiene are observed there will

not be a scabies. Furthermore, scabies is

known to affect people from all socioeconomic

levels, including over crowding population if

exposure occurs. This can be believed to have

significant effect on the spread of scabies is

reflecting the fundamental role of physical

contact in person to person. Poverty also leads

to other associated problems, such has poor

nutritional status, which may in turn contribute

to the immune status of the individual and the

levels of disease within the community. The

Author says that nutritional status is a

significant risk factor in a scabies in an Indian

village.

Because of poverty may people do not

take good nutritional diet this condition lead to

cracking of skin over which the dust with

microorganism can accumulate, further

leading to scabies.

6.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

1) To assess the level of knowledge regarding

prevention of scabies among mothers by pre-

test.

2) To determine the effectiveness of structure

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teaching programme.

3) To find out the association between socio-

demographic variable.

6.4 HYPOTHESIS 1. There is significant difference in scores of

pretest on knowledge course on prevention of

scabies among mothers.

2. There significant relationship between

knowledge on prevention of scabies and

socio– demographic variable among mothers.

6.5 OPERATION DEFINITIONS

1) Mothers who are having under 5 childrens

residing in urban slum areas;

2) The level of knowledge on prevention of

scabies.

3) Reason given by mother on prevention of

scabies by structure teaching knowledge.

6.6 DELIMITATION The sample size may delimit according to the

consequences during post– test data collection.

7 METERIALS AND METHODS

7.1.1 SOURCE OF DATA Mothers having younger children under five

living in urban slum areas of Chitradurga.

7.2 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

Structure knowledge questioner done by interview schedule

7.2.1 TYPE OF STUDY Quasi Experimental

7.2.2 RESEARCH DESIGN Pre and post test

7.2.3 VARIABLES Independent Variable: Structure teaching

programme.

Dependent Variable: Knowledge on

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prevention of scabies.

7.2.4 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

Simple random sampling

7.2.5 SAMPLE SIZE 50 mothers of under – five children.

7.2.6 INCLUSION AND EXCULSION CRITERIA

Inclusion Criteria :

i) Mothers having children under - five.

Exclusive :

i) Mother who are not co-operation

7.2.7 DURATION OF STUDY

1 month.

7.2.8 INSTRUMENTS Sec A-attribute variable

Sec B-structure knowledge questioner on

prevention of scabies.

8. REFERENCE 1) Marples M.J. : The ecology of human skin,

Spingfied C-C Thomas 1964 -3.

2) Lane A.T. : Scabies as head lice paediatric

Ann 1987, 16-51-4

3) Nair Bkti, Joseph, A, Kanadamthan

4) M, Epidermic Scabies, Indian Jurnal

Medical Res. 1977, 65: 1-6 (5)

5) Atukotala and Lanerolle, 1999

6) Johannes K. Kristensen et al.

7) Gulati PV, Braganza C, Singh KP, Borker

V.

8) PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE

9) Taplin D, Porcelain SL, Meinking TL, et al.

Community control of scabies : a model

based on use of permethrin cream, Lancet

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1991

10) Heukelbach J, Van Haeff E, Rump B,

Wilck T, Moura RC, Fuldmeier H, Parasiteic

skin disease health care seeking in a slum in

North – East Brazil, Trop made Int health

2003.

11) Heukelbach J, Winter B, Wilcke T, et al.

Bull world Health Organ 2004.

Gupta,2001).

12) [Chathurvadi].

13) (Polit & Hungler, 1999).

14) (Marples M.J. Ecology of human skin,

springfied, C-C Thomas 1964) Hate A.K.,

Tandan.N Bhata Indian dermetol -1976 -A5.

[Lane A.J. scabies head lice paediatric Ann.

1987, 16-5 1-4].

15) [Nair BKH. Joseph, A Kanadmuthan M.

Enidemic Sabies, Ind J. Med-Res-1977, 65.1-

6]

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Signature of Candidate

Remarks of the Guide Feasible for study

Name & Designation

(Block Letters)

Guide Prof.Gajendra Singh.SR

Signature of Guide

Co-Guide (If, Any)

Signature of Co-guide

Head of the Department

Signature of Head of the

Department with

Comments

Remarks of the

Chairmen & Principal Feasible for study

Signature

(Prof.Gajendra Singh.S.R)

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