TISSUE INJURIES

AKA WOUNDS

TISSUE TYPES

Epithelial -- skin protects internal organs

regulates body temp (homeostasis)

Connective -- organ frameworkSoft-adipose & fibrous (ligaments & tendons)Hard-Bone & cartilage

TISSUE TYPES Nerve -- Communication pathway

Neurons-carry commands

Muscle -- Contracting fibers (actin & myosin)Skeletal-attach to boneSmooth-organsCardiac-heart

TISSUE PROPERTIESResistance

Load-single force Stress-resistance to load Strain-Internal response/deformation Yield Point-limit (elastic property) Mechanical failure-past limit therefore

damage has occurred

TISSUE STRESSESMechanisms of Injury

Tension-pulls/stretches Stretching-beyond limit Compression-crushes tissue Shearing-rubbing parallel across

tissues Bending-force causing a bend

SOFT TISSUE INJURIES Open vs. Closed Abrasion

Sliding or skidding on groundSuperficial-less bleeding

LacerationTearing of skin-jagged edgeIf deep concerned with other tissue damage

SOFT TISSUE INJURIES Puncture

Pointed object pierces skinBe ware of infection

IncisionsClean cut usually from a knife If deep concerned with other tissue damage

AvulsionsLoss of tissue

SOFT TISSUE INJURIES Calluses

Thickened skin due to friction Blisters

Fluid build up under skin due to friction Bites & Stings

Watch for systemic reaction (allergic)Snakes-DO NOT ICE. Will slow down healing

SOFT TISSUE INJURIES

ContusionBruiseSeverity depends on force & damage

HematomaInternal damage to tissues causing bleedingGoose egg mass appearsBlood blister

SOFT TISSUE INJURIES

Skin Infections Tinea Pedis (athlete’s foot)- Fungus Tinea corporis (ringworm) - Fungus Herpes- Virus Papillomavirus (warts) - Virus Impetigo- Bacteria

MUSCULAR INJURIES

STRAINOverstretching or tearing3 degrees based on severity of tear

MYOSITIS OSSIFICANSCalcium build up due to repeat trauma

MUSCULAR INJURIES

TENDONITISMicro tearing of tendon sheathInflammation of tendonRepetitive Motion Injury

JOINT INJURIES

SPRAINOverstretching of ligaments

CREPITATIONGrating sound heard during movement

JOINT LAXITYAbility of joint to move

JOINT INJURIES

DislocationSeparation of joint. All ligaments torn completely

SubluxationPartial dislocation.

SynovitisInflammation of synovial membrane

BursitisInflammation of bursa (fluid filled sac to decrease friction)

SKELETAL INJURIES

FRACTURES any “break” in the bone

Greenstick-incompleteClosed-simple, completeOpen-compoundComminuted-shattered fragments

WOUND CARE

Wear Gloves Prevent infection Control bleeding Immobilize injury Ice Be Gentle Refer to M.D.

P.R.I.C.E

Protect Rest Ice Compression Elevation