Tissue Healing and Repair

Introduction

Bodies protective measures to prevent injury skin & mucosae activity of cilia in the respiratory tract chemical barriers in the stomach etc.

Tissue injury -barriers are broken down which stimulates inflammatory (nonspecific) & immune responses (specific).

Inflammation helps to limit damage, eliminate harmful agents and repair tissue.

Inflammation does not equal Infection!!!!

Inflammation

The classic signs of inflammation are: Swelling Redness Hot

Stages of Inflammation-initial response to injury1. Vasoconstriction-hemorrhage, then

vasodilation (Histamine/heparin trigger) to allow O2 and nutrients

2. Increase capillary permeability

3. Fluid from plasma1. Enzymes, antibodies, proteins

2. Irritate nerve endings and swelling from fluid

= PAIN

Inflammation:

4. Clot formation

Platelets Fibrin Scab

5. Clean up cells

Neutrophils (Pus), then macrophages

6. Capillaries permeability back to normal

Repair

Organization of wound-granulation tissue formation Collagen layers form underneath scab New capillary growth

Nutrients, oxygen to healing tissue Bacterium inhibiting substances Macrophages and fibroblasts

“Proud Flesh”-exaggerated granulation tissue

Regeneration

Epithelialization New cells grow in from edges of wound Scab starts to lift on the edges Fibrous bridge over wound-contracture

Scar tissue and Adhesions

Amount of scar tissue depends on severity of wound.

Heart, esophageal tissue Abdominal adhesions

Wound Healing First Intention

Healing Sutured wound-no

granulation tissue formed

Second Intention Healing Granulation tissue Scar tissue

Factors Affecting the Repair Process 1) Type of tissue injured

2) Type of injury and immediate care given 3) Nutrition 4) Adequate blood supply 5) State of health 6) Age Skin, mucous membranes & bone-regenerate well Smooth muscle, cartilage and dense regular connective

tissue -Do not regenerate well. Cardiac muscle, brain & spinal cord can only be

replaced with scar tissue.

This workforce solution was funded by a grant awarded under the Workforce Innovation in Regional Development (WIRED) as implemented by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration working in partnership with the Colorado Department of Labor and Employment, the Metro Denver Economic Development Corporation, and the City and County of Denver's Office of Economic Development.  The solution was created by the grantee and does not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Labor.  The Department of Labor makes no guarantees, warranties, or assurances of any kind, express or implied, with respect to such information, including any information on linked sites and including, but not limited to, accuracy of the information or its completeness, timeliness, usefulness, adequacy, continued availability, or ownership.  This solution is copyrighted by the institution that created it. Internal use by an organization and/or personal use by an individual for non-commercial purposes is permissible.  All other uses require the prior authorization of the copyright owner.