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http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0009891.html. http://www.talktofrank.com/uploadedImages/Drugs/LARGE%20PHOTOS_ALCOHOL.jpg. Introducing Alcohol. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0009891.html
Intr
od
uci
ng
Alc
ohol
http://www.talktofrank.com/uploadedImages/Drugs/LARGE%20PHOTOS_ALCOHOL.jpg
In chemistry, any member of a group of organic chemical compounds characterized by the presence of one or more aliphatic OH (hydroxyl) groups in the molecule, and which form esters with acids. The main uses of alcohols are as solvents for gums, resins, lacquers, and varnishes; in the making of dyes; for essential oils in perfumery; and for medical substances in pharmacy. The alcohol produced naturally in the fermentation process and consumed as part of alcoholic beverages is called ethanol. When consumed the effects of alcohol include poisoning at high concentrations, and changes in the functioning of human nerve cells.
general formula Cn H2n+1 OH
methanol
ethanol
propanol
butanol
pentanol
hexanol
write their formulae and draw structures
http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=7388&rendTypeId=4
highlighted items increase by CH2
http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=7388&rendTypeId=4
Discuss
Any obvious trends in this data?
secondary alcohol
primary alcohol
Alcohols may be liquids or solids, according to the size and complexity of the molecule. A monohydric alcohol contains only one hydroxyl group in each molecule. The five simplest alcohols form a series in which the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in the molecule increases progressively, each one having an extra CH2 (methylene) group: methanol or wood spirit (methyl alcohol, CH3OH); ethanol (ethyl alcohol, C2H5OH); propanol (propyl alcohol, C3H7OH); butanol (butyl alcohol, C4H9OH); and pentanol (amyl alcohol, C5H11OH). The lower alcohols are liquids that mix with water; the higher alcohols, such as pentanol, are oily liquids immiscible with water; and the highest are waxy solids – for example, hexadecanol (cetyl alcohol, C16H33OH) and melissyl alcohol (C30H61OH), which occur in sperm-whale oil and beeswax, respectively. Alcohols containing the CH2OH group are primary; those containing CHOH are secondary; while those containing COH are tertiary.
http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0009891.html
Checked + correct, Mr G
Functional group isomerism
http://ehs.fullerton.edu/Safety4Students/images/IMAGE105.JPG
2-butanol
http://home.att.net/~cat6a/images/Organicchem_40d.gif
1-butanol
Functional group isomerism
http://dl.clackamas.cc.or.us/ch106-03/nomenc3.gif 2-pentanol
http://www.hamm-chemie.de/images/j11/strukturformeln/Alkanole/3-Pentanol.GIF
3-pentanol
http://www.tennoji-h.oku.ed.jp/tennoji/oka/OCDB/HydrocarbonOxygen/3-pentanol-b.gif
alcohol burning
http://au.answers.yahoo.com/answers2/frontend.php/question?qid=20080403133339AA1YVte
combustion of alcohol
CH3OH
C2H5OH
H2O
CO2O2
C3H7OH
C4H9OH
http://au.answers.yahoo.com/answers2/frontend.php/question?qid=20080403133339AA1YVte
combustion of alcohol
CH3OH
C2H5OH
H2O
CO2O2
C3H7OH
C4H9OH
http://au.answers.yahoo.com/answers2/frontend.php/question?qid=20080403133339AA1YVte
sodium + alcohol
CH3OH
C2H5OH
H2 ONa
Na
C3H7OH
C4H9OH
http://au.answers.yahoo.com/answers2/frontend.php/question?qid=20080403133339AA1YVte
sodium + alcohol
CH3OH
C2H5OH
H2 ONa
Na
C3H7OH
C4H9OH
acid + alcohol
CH3OH
C2H5OH
C3H7OH
C4H9OH
CH3COOH
HCOOH
CH3COOC2H5
H2O
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Ester.png/781px-Ester.png
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/catalysis/esterify.html
The mechanism for the formation of ethyl ethanoateA reminder of the factsEthanoic acid reacts with ethanol in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid as a catalyst to produce the ester, ethyl ethanoate. The reaction is slow and reversible. To reduce the chances of the reverse reaction happening, the ester is distilled off as soon as it is formed.
Notice, the acid OH group marked in green ends up as the free water molecule
DO NOT LEARN THIS...TOO COMPLEX
But its interesting! YES?