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TIRFE - TOTAL INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE AND FOSSIL ENERGY AIMING TO A CLEAN AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SYSTEM
DALTRO GARCIA PINATTI ROSA ANA CONTE
MATERIALS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT - DEMAR LORENA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING - EEL
SÃO PAULO UNIVERSITY – USP SÃO PAULO – SP - BRAZIL
BIT'S 2ND ANNUAL WORLD CONGRESS OF BIOENERGY APRIL 25-28, 2012, XI'AN, CHINA
EEL-USP DEMAR
EEL-USP DEMAR WCBE - 2012
PETROLEUM RESERVES
CONSUMPTION
H2 FROM BIOMASS GASIFICATION IN SCW
(FROM STEM) AT COMPETITIVE PRICES
C RETENTION AND ENERGY
SECURITY
TREATED BIOMASS STOCKPILE
(FROM RESIDUES)
LIGHT AND CLEAN OIL PRODUCTS AT PETROLEUM REFINERY AND
METHANOL FROM COAL, + EE
REFORESTATION
EEL-USP DEMAR WCBE - 2012
EE-ELECTRIC ENERGY
APDC-AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DEVICE MSW-MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
H2-SF - H2 PRODUCED FROM STEM OF FAR H2-PR/COAL - H2 HYDROCRACKING AND HYDROTREATMENT AT PR (51.5 kg H2/b), AND H2 TO SUPPLEMENT DEFICIENCY FOR METHANOL FROM COAL
C-FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTION RLT-FOSSIL FUEL RESERVE LIFETIME E-FOSSIL FUEL EMISSIONS RE-FOSSIL FUEL RESERVE ENERGY
C+L V-CELLULOSE+LIGNIN VOLUME C+L SP-CELLULOSE+LIGNIN STOCKPILE
FAR-FOREST AREA FOR RESIDUE PRODUCTION = 1.3 X 109 ha = 13.0 X 106 km2
CELLULOSE + LIGNIN VOLUME AND FAR
C+L V = 5.16 X 109 m3/y FAR = 0.50 X 109 ha
C+L V =6.22 X 109 m3/y FAR = 0.61 X 109 ha
C+L V = 1,96 X 109 m3/y FAR = 0.19 X 109 ha
FOREST RESIDUE 16 TDB/ha.y
UNCLEAN BIOMASS (COAL, PETCOKE, MSW, ETC.)
CLEAN BIOMASS STEM (GROUND) 24 TDB/ha.y
PR-PETROLEUM REFINERY (H2/PR)
RE= 11.51 X 1015 MJ
C= 31.0 X 109 b/y
RLT= 64.5 y E= 3.56 X 109 tC/y
H-BIO PROCESS OLEAGINOUS BIOMASS
COAL (H2/COAL) RE= 25.73 X 1015 MJ C= 5.5 X 109 t/y RLT= 165.3 y E= 4.29 X 109 tC/y
NG RE= 7.85 X 1015 MJ C= 2770 X 109 m3/y RLT= 65.0 y E= 1.35 X 109 tC/y
CONVENTIONAL + FUTURE USES NH3, COMPRESSED H2, FUEL CELL, ETC.
H2 (100 kg/TDB)
H2 ENERGY FROM STEM OVER FOSSIL FUEL LIFETIME HHV 142.90 MJ/kg H2
LHV 119.55 MJ/kg H2
FOREST RESIDUE ACIDIC TREATMENT
ROASTING, ETC.
H2/PR-1597x109 kg/y (51.5 kg H2/b)
H2/COAL-953x109 kg/y
(222.2 kg H2/tC)
NO H2
PELLETS AND NOBLE APPLICATIONS
BGSCW TEU
EE
APCD
CO2 (Algae photobioreactor)
TOTAL RE 45.11 X 1015 MJ
(FUTURE)
PRESENTLY ~ 50 x 109 kg/y
BRINE
TOTAL
H2-PR/COAL-2550 x109 kg/y
H2-SF-2667x109 kg/y CELLULOSE + LIGNIN STOCK PILE
=1250 kg/m3, LHV=18.4 MJ/kg NR. OF C+L SP ~ 30,000 (1 km2 X 50 m HIGH), 55.2C % m/m
TOTAL C+L V = 13.34 X 109 m3/y
TOTAL C+L SP ENERGY 34.00X1015 MJ
49.88 X 1015 MJ
H2-SF-1457x109 kg/y
H2-SF-1210x109 kg/y
H2 FROM BIOMASS TO CLEAN FOSSIL FUELS, AND CONVERSION OF FOSSIL INTO RENEWABLE CARBON
EEL-USP DEMAR WCBE - 2012
MAIN TIRFE FEATURES
FOREST AREA FOR RESIDUE PRODUCTION (16 TDB/ha.y) TO GENERATE CELLULOSE + LIGNIN
STOCKPILES FOR RETENTION OF GHG OF ALL FOSSIL FUELS IS 13.0 X 106 km2 AS COMPARED TO
36.4 X 106 km2 OF NATIVE FOREST, AND 8.5 X 106 km2 OF PLANTED FOREST AS PREDICTED BY
UNEP’S GREEN SCENARIO FOR 2050*
17% OF WORLD'S NON AGRARIAN OCCUPABLE AREA OF 76.5 X 106 km2
WORLD'S AGRARIAN LAND IS 13.5 X 106 km2 (EXCLUSIVELY FOR FOOD PRODUCTION)
COGENERATION OF H2 AND ELECTRIC ENERGY (EE) BY BIOMASS GASIFICATION IN
SUPERCRITICAL WATER - SCW INTEGRATED WITH A THERMOELECTRIC UNIT
(H2-BGSCW/TEU; 100 kg H2/TDB)
ALLOWS PROFITABLE BIOMASS REMUNERATION
(40 TDB/ha.y, USD 3.00/ t H2, USD 12,000/ha.y)
H2 PRODUCED FROM STEM OF FORESTATION AREA IS SUFFICIENT
TO CLEAN OIL AND COAL PRODUCTS
*UNEP 2011, TOWARDS A GREEN ECONOMY: PATHWAYS TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND POVERTY ERADICATION, P. 184. www.unep.org/greeneconomy
EEL-USP DEMAR WCBE - 2012
MAIN TIRFE FEATURES
CELLULOSE + LIGNIN STOCKPILES* FOR CARBON RETENTION AND ENERGY SECURITY
(~ 30,000 STOCKPILES OF 1 km2 x 50 m HIGH)
ACCOUNTS FOR 34.00 X 1015 MJ OF ENERGY SECURITY, CONVERTING FOSSIL INTO RENEWABLE CARBON
*COMPACTED TREATED BIOMASS (1250 kg/m3) HAS COMPRESSION RESISTANCE OF 100 MPa, AND AT pH< 4 (500 wppm SO4-), IT
DOES NOT DETERIORATE FOR < 12% HUMIDITY
H2 ENERGY FROM STEM OF 1.30 X 109 ha REFORESTATION OVER FOSSIL FUEL LIFETIME
ACCOUNTS FOR 49.88 X 1015 MJ
IT DOUBLES THE ENERGY SUPPLYING, PRESERVING FOSSIL FUEL FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS
TOTAL FOSSIL FUEL RESERVES ENERGY IS 45.11 X 1015 MJ
RESPECTING SUN DISTRIBUTION OVER THE GLOBE, BIOMASS PELLETS, THE 4TH FORM OF ENERGY, MAINLY
PRODUCED IN THE TROPICS, WILL BE EXPORTED TO ASIA, EUROPE AND USA
(WORLD DISTRIBUTION OF BIOMASS PELLETS + H2 GENERATION AT THE CONSUMPTION SITES)
EEL-USP DEMAR WCBE - 2012
V3
V2
V1
ST
Cd
SD
Da
P1W1
P3W3
P4W4
Water
WGS2
PSA/
SSFM
WGS1
HE
FR
B
To Air Preheater
and APCD
CT H2
W5
Sh
B2
Ph
CO2/H2/CH4/CO
(Microalgae)
DW
IFS
TJ
P2
W2
Sectors 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Legend:P1, P2, P3, P4 - Water pumps;
W1, W2, W3, W4, W5 - Electric energy consumption;
B1 - Clean biomass; B2 - Contaminated biomass,
petcoke, coal;
F - Furnace; R - SCW Reactor tube;
Ph - SCW Preheater tube;
S - Slurry; TJ - Triple Junction; B - Boiler;
SD - Steam Drum; Sh - Superheater;
ST - Steam Turbine; G - Electric Generator;
Cd - Condenser; CT - Cooling Tower; Da - Deaerator;
DW - Deionized Water; HE - Heat exchange;
IF - Inorganic Filter; V1, V2, V3 - Expansion valve;
WGS1,2 - Water/Gas Separator of high and low pressure;
PSA/SSFM - Pressure Swing Adsorption / Selective Surface
Flow Membrane; CO2/H2/CH4/CO - Residual gas
(microalgae growth in photobioreactor)
PR - Petroleum Refinery; FC - Fuel Cell; GT - Gas Turbine
APCD - Air Pollution Control Device
G
H2-duct
2-10MPa
FCor
GTEE
H2 to PR
and others
Lime
B1
FLOW CHART OF
H2 PRODUCTION BY BIOMASS GASIFICATION IN SUPERCRITICAL WATER
INTEGRATED WITH THERMOELECTRIC UNIT H2-BGSCW/TEU
EEL-USP DEMAR WCBE - 2012
CONCLUSION
TIRFE ALLOWS THE USE OF ANY FORM OF ENERGY, ANYWHERE, AS LONG AS FOSSIL ENERGY PAYS A FEE FOR
ITS CARBON RETENTION IN THE FORM OF CELLULOSE + LIGNIN STOCKPILE (ENERGY SECURITY)
EVEN IF STEM IS USED FOR OTHER NOBLE APPLICATIONS (SOLID WOOD AND PANELS, ETC.), AND NOT TO
PRODUCE TO CLEAN OIL AND COAL DERIVATIVES, C+L SP FOR GHG RETENTION CAN STILL BE ACCOMPLISHED
CELLULOSE + LIGNIN STOCKPILE IS A CONVERSION OF FOSSIL INTO RENEWABLE CARBON, AND CAN CLEAN
PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE GHG FROM DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
(EVERYONE SHOULD PAY FOR CO2 POLLUTION)
THE CONCEPT OF ENERGY SUBSTITUTION SHOULD BE REPLACED
BY ENERGY INTEGRATION
TIRFE - TOTAL INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE AND FOSSIL ENERGY AIMING TO A CLEAN AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SYSTEM
ACKNOWLEGMENTS WCBE 2012 ORGANIZING COMMITTEE FOR THE INVITATION
CNPQ – NATIONAL COUNSEL OF TECHNOLOGICAL AND SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT FOR FINANCIAL SUPPORT
APRIL 25-28, 2012, XI'AN, CHINA
EEL-USP DEMAR
THANK YOU!