Tips on Vegetable Gardening

7/28/2019 Tips on Vegetable Gardening

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By

S ESWARA REDDY


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DIFFERENT TYPES OF VEGETABLES

LEAFY VEGETABLES

Example: pechay, lettuce, cabbage, mustard, sweet potato, alugbati,kangkong.

ROOT OR BULB CROPS

Example: onion, radish, garlic, carrots, sweet potato

BEANS AND LEGUMES

Example: mongo, stringbeans, sweet pea (chicharo)

FRUIT VEGETABLES

Example: eggplant, tomato, sweet pepper

FLOWER VEGETABLES

Example: cauliflower, brocolli

VINE FRUIT VEGETABLES

Example: squash, cucumber, ampalaya

TREE FRUIT VEGETABLES

Example: malungay, camansi


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SOURCES OF PLANTING MATERIALS

Accredited seed growers

Accredited seed suppliers Government experiment stations

NGO, municipal and provincial

agriculturist offices


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PRODUCING SEEDLINGS

PREPARING THE SEED BOXES

Construct seed boxes of uniform size and depths. Use the centimeter

scale in measuring the inside dimensions. Set the width at 50 cm, the

length at 75 cm and the depth at 7 cm-10 cm. Provide the box with

about six holes to serve as drainage. If the pieces of board used for

making the seed box are so laid that they allow water for drain, there

is no need of putting holes on the bottom.


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PREPARING THE SOIL TO USE

Make 1:1:1 mixture of sieved, compost and garden soil. You canmodify the proportion to suit the texture of your soil. If the gardensoil is sandy loam, and less sand, this mixture will provide excellent

drainage and adequate air spaces while holding a significant amountof water.


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PRODUCING SEEDLINGS

1. STERILIZING THE SOIL MIXTURE:

Sterilized the mixture to kill weed seeds, insects and numerous soil

pathogens as those that caused damping off.

THE HEAT METHOD

Heat the soil mixture thoroughly under high temperature. The

steam heat that builds up in a moistened soil mixture is a more

effective sterilant than the dry heat in the dry soil mixture. Place

the soil mixture in a two halves of a large metal barrel that is

supported over a fire pit. Start the fire and make holes in the soil

mixture with a rake handle. Sprinkle water on the soil mix to wet it

thoroughly. Cover the wet soil with galvanized iron sheets to retain

the heat that reaches the top of the soil. Heat the mixture for twohours

Note:An alternative to this method of soil sterilization would be

the application of boiling water to the soil medium. Let the soil

cool before sowing.


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PRODUCING SEEDLINGS

1. Soil is placed up to 1 inch from the top of the seed

box.

2. Make furrows in the seed box with a wood stick.

3. Sow the seeds evenly along the furrows.

4. Cover the seeds lightly with fine soil

5. Water the seeds sown.

6. Cover the seed boxes with banana leaves and open itabout 3 to 5 days after sowing as soon as the seeds

start to germinate.


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PRICKING OF SEEDLINGS

Saturate the seed boxes with water for the first 3 days.

Regulate watering after germination. Approximately 5

days after emergence prick the seedlings. Seedling

trays maybe used as alternative to raise strong and

healthy seedling. A well developed and undamaged

root system will reduce planting shock resulting in

faster recovery and earlier harvest. Fill seedling traysor small pots made out of banana leaves with same soil

mixture as used for sowing.


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LAND PREPARATION

The field should be prepared very well. The soil

should be pulverized and the plot leveled.


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TRANSPLANTING

Three weeks after pricking, transfer the seedlings

into a field at a distance of 75 cm. between rows and

75 cm. between plants. Transplanting should bedone during cloudy days or late in the afternoon.


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IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE

If rainfall is insufficient, irrigation should start

immediately after transplanting and as needed

afterwards. Hilling up should be done one week

later in order to protect the plants from water

logging, provide proper aeration and weed control.


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WEED CONTROL

Control includes light cultivation, spot hand

weeding, tillage and mulching.


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FERTILIZATION

Basal application of organic fertilizer such as chicken

dung, cow or carabao manure, goat manure is

recommended or 25 gm per hill of complete (14-14-14)fertilizer should be applied. First side dressing should

be done 20 to 25 days after transplanting at the rate of

7 gm per hill of urea (46-0-0) mixed with muriate of

potash (0-0-60). It should be repeated every 30 days.


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PEST AND DISEASES

Use of integrated pest management (IPM)

approach is recommended.


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HARVESTING

Harvesting starts 60 to 80 days after transplanting,

harvesting can be done twice a week over a period of 3

to 6 months depending on the variety and thecondition of the crop.


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RAPID COMPOSTING USING

TRICHODERMATRICHODERMAa fungus that is used to hasten decomposition of

crop residues with the help of animal manure.

WHY CHOOSE TRICHODERMA

It is a fastest decomposer

No reports of human diseased caused by it

No side effects such as allergy


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MATERIALS NEEDED FOR COMPOSTING

1. WaterIt is one of the most critical factor that determines therate of decomposting. Dry materials will decompose slowly.

2. Compost pen or platformIt is important that the heap must beraised above the ground by about 1015 cm. for aeration.

3. Substrates for compostingAll crop residues can be composted.Weeds can also be utilized but avoid using weeds with flowersand fruits.

4. CFATrichoderma hastens the process of decomposition since itincreases the population of cellulose decomosers.

5. Cover

The ideal is white, transparent plastic, because theactivator wants a diffused light.

6. Metal fork or shovelThis is needed in turning the compost aftertwo (2) weeks. Don't turn the compost if it is still hot because

plenty of amonia will evaporate.


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RAPID METHOD OF COMPOSTINGSTEP 1 Gather materials

STEP 2 Prepare the area

STEP 3 Add water to bottles ( full) containing trichoderma, mixthoroughly

STEP 4 Wet the materials thoroughly using tap water

STEP 5 Pile the materials about 6 thickSTEP 6 Add animal manure

STEP 7 Pour trichoderma

STEP 8 Repeat the process until 56 layers

STEP 9 Cover the compost heap

STEP 10 Turn the compost heap after 3 weeks

STEP 11 Harvest the compost

STEP 12 Apply the compost


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Tips on Vegetable Gardening