Tintometer GmbH Lovibond ® Product Training: Water Analysis Instrumentation - Reagents - Applications presented by Dipl. Ing. Helmut Reber

Tintometer GmbHLovibond® Product Training: Water Analysis

Instrumentation - Reagents - Applications

presented by Dipl. Ing. Helmut Reber

2© Tintometer GmbH

3© Tintometer GmbH

History 1885 Joseph William Lovibond being in the brewery business started the

foundation of the Tintometer Ltd. in Salisbury/England. He introduced the Lovibond® colour scale and the first colorimeter ever.

1953 Publication of the first edition of the book "Colorimetric Chemical Analytical Methods (CCAM)". Colorimetric Analytical Equipment was

introduced using reagent tablets as an alternative to the liquid chemistry. 1967 Foundation of the Tintometer GmbH Company in Dortmund/Germany

by Cay-Peter Voss. Technical backup and service together with closer contact leading to prompt supply of instrumentation to customers in Continental Europe.

1982 Introduction of the first photometer systems for water analysis. 1985 Centenary of The Tintometer Ltd. in Salisbury England with congratulations by

the Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. 1997 Certification according to DIN ISO 9001 by DQS. 30 years of successful

activities of the Tintometer GmbH in Dortmund/Germany. Today Research, development and equipment production of water analytical systems

and reagents for various applications. Global marketing of Lovibond® products.

4© Tintometer GmbH

Methods and Products

titrimetric methods

colorimetric methods

tablet count method

speedtest

MINIKIT

MINIKIT

visualmethods

photometricmethods

ComparatorCHECKIT®

Test Kit

CheckitDirectMaxiDirect

MultiDirect

SpectroDirect

5© Tintometer GmbH

Principle of Photometric Measurement

I0

I

6© Tintometer GmbH

Electromagnetic spectrum

h

7© Tintometer GmbH

Absorption of light

Green

Red

STOP

Red / Blue light

700 nm

550 nm450 nm

White light

700 nm

550 nm450 nm

Red

Blue Blue

h h

8© Tintometer GmbH

Absorption of light

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

∞ 1.00 0.50 0.30 0.15 0.05 0.00

Transmission [%]

Extinction [Abs]

T[%]

E[Abs]

E = lgI 0

I

I0: Intensitiy of the entering light

I: Intensitiy of the transmitted light

9© Tintometer GmbH

Principle of Photometric Measurement

I0

I

10© Tintometer GmbH

Schematic diagram of a wastewater treatment plant

Oxygen supply

Waste feed

Aeration tankClarifier

Waste sludge

Sludge Return

Effluent

(activated sludge plant)


Wastwater

treatment

plant

COD 700 mg/l

BOD 400 mg/l

Phosphorus 10 mg/l(total)

Nitrogen 50 mg/l (total)

Phosphorus 2 mg/l (total)

COD 100 mg/l

Nitrogen 10 mg/l (total)

BOD 20 mg/l

Total nitrogen means: - organic Nitrogen - Ammonium - Nitrate - Nitrite

EffluentWaste feed

Important Wastewater Parameter

Wastewatertreatmentplant

Nitrogen means:- Ammonia- Nitrate- Nitrite


Principle of MaxiDirect

Detector Detector

LEDLED

LED

Interference filter

Measuring beam

Interference filter


Principle of PoolDirect and MultiDirect


Principle of SpectroDirect

Microprocessor unitTungsten halogen lamp

Monochromator

Movable mirror

Sample chamber

Silicon photodiodeFor checking the optical system the SpectroDirect has an integrated Didymium-filter, which is placed automatically in front of the detector during self

test.


COD-BODBODCOD


COD-BOD Relationship

Characteristics

< 1,7 Easy degradable / nearly complete decomposition

1,7 – 10 Incomplete decomposition / reasons: Some of the material is not degradable Inhibition because of toxic ingredients Slow adaptation of microorganisms

> 10 No decomposition / reasons: Persistent ingredients Complete inhibition because of toxic substances

≈ 20 % non degradable organic material

≈ 80 % degradable organic material

COD/ BOD5

Relation


BOD - Biochemical Oxygen Demand

Corg + O2

BacteriaCO2 + Cell mass

Measurement corresponds to the process during waste water treatment:

Pressure Sensor

Gasket & CO2Absorber

Glass Bottle

Gas Phase

Waste Water

∆ p = BOD

Carbondioxide

Organic OxygenMaterials


BOD5

BOD-graph at 20 °C

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 5 10 15 20 25t [d]

BOD mg/l

C-org %

BODn+1 > BODn (20,6 % p.d.) BOD5 70% degradation of total BOD


BOD-Graph A: Idealised BOD-Graph

B: Nitrification occures (use nitrification inhibitor N-ATH)

C: Measurement is overrange (change measuring range or dillute sample)

D: Measurment system is leaky or anaerobiosis occurs

E: Microorganisms were not pre-adapted; choose a suitable inokulum


Buffer solution pH 7

Metal lead for pH voltage

Metal lead for pH voltage (Reference Ag/AgCl element)

Reference Elektrolyte

Reference diaphragm

pH glas diaphragm

pH-Sensor


pH-Value

SL_2

U_AS

SL_1

pH

mV

pH

mV

pH-value

Pot

entia

lin m

V


Conductivity- Sensor


Oxygen-Sensor

Refillopening

Sensorshaft

O-Ring seal

Membrame cap


Principle of Turbidity Measurement

Documents

Tintometer GmbH Lovibond ® Product Training: Water Analysis Instrumentation - Reagents - Applications presented by Dipl. Ing. Helmut Reber