qarTuliena da literatura

nino gordelaZe TinaTin kuxianiZe

moswavlis wigni

5

teqstebi Teoria gramatika

bunebis suraTebi

nakaduli, giorgi leoniZeE 12nislebi, giorgi leoniZeE 13WianWvelebi, iakob gogebaSviliE 16spilos moSinaureba, iakob gogebaSviliE 19namdvili ambavi, akaki wereTeli 23Tovli, vaxuSti kotetiSvili 26

epiTeti da Sedareba

22

arsebiT saxelTa jgufebi

14, 24

bavSvi moTxrobebSi

tom soieris Tavgadasavali nawili pirveli mark tveni 28tom soieris Tavgadasavali nawili meore mark tveni 31tom soieris Tavgadasavali nawili mesame mark tveni 34tom soieris Tavgadasavali nawili meoTxe mark tveni 39biWi da ZaRli nawili pirveli arCil sulakauri 42biWi da ZaRli nawili meore arCil sulakauri 46

biWi da ZaRli nawili mesame arCil sulakauri 50biWi da ZaRli nawili meoTxe arCil sulakauri 54biWi da ZaRli nawili mexuTe arCil sulakauri 61

Abiografia da avtobiografia

66

krebiTi arsebiTi saxelebi

37

arsebiTi saxelis bruneba

59

samSoblo

... Sen ise Rrma xar, qarTulo cao ana kalandaZe 68mefe demetre Tavdadebuli iakob gogebaSvili 69cixis sizmari lado asaTiani 74giorgi brwyinvale iakon gogebaSvili 76hoi, sixarulo xalxuri 78

sinonimebi, antonimebi, omonimebi

82

arsebiTi saxelis bruneba

72arsebiT saxelTa brunebis

Taviseburebani

80

ZvelTaZveli ambebi

iavnana xalxuri 84iavnana SemecnebiTi teqsti (moamzada mariam metrevelma) 85lile SemecnebiTi teqsti (moamzada mariam metrevelma) 87lile xalxuri 88iobi da futkari akaki wereTeli 90legenduri akaki wereTeli 95xelosnoba saqarTveloSi SemecnebiTi teqsti (filipe gogiCaiSvili)

I. bunebrivi qsovilebis damzadeba 98II.mcenareuli saRebavis damzadeba 101

mamali ras yivis akaki wereTeli 103modioda nino mTebiT ana kalandaZe 109

leqsikoni

112arsebiT saxelTa brunebis

Taviseburebani

93, 97, 106

Tavi III

Tavi II

Tavi I

Tavi IV

teqstebi Teoria gramatika

bunebis suraTebi

nakaduli, giorgi leoniZeE 12nislebi, giorgi leoniZeE 13WianWvelebi, iakob gogebaSviliE 16spilos moSinaureba, iakob gogebaSviliE 19namdvili ambavi, akaki wereTeli 23Tovli, vaxuSti kotetiSvili 26

epiTeti da Sedareba

22

arsebiT saxelTa jgufebi

14, 24

bavSvi moTxrobebSi

tom soieris Tavgadasavali nawili pirveli mark tveni 28tom soieris Tavgadasavali nawili meore mark tveni 31tom soieris Tavgadasavali nawili mesame mark tveni 34tom soieris Tavgadasavali nawili meoTxe mark tveni 39biWi da ZaRli nawili pirveli arCil sulakauri 42biWi da ZaRli nawili meore arCil sulakauri 46

biWi da ZaRli nawili mesame arCil sulakauri 50biWi da ZaRli nawili meoTxe arCil sulakauri 54biWi da ZaRli nawili mexuTe arCil sulakauri 61

Abiografia da avtobiografia

66

krebiTi arsebiTi saxelebi

37

arsebiTi saxelis bruneba

59

samSoblo

... Sen ise Rrma xar, qarTulo cao ana kalandaZe 68mefe demetre Tavdadebuli iakob gogebaSvili 69cixis sizmari lado asaTiani 74giorgi brwyinvale iakon gogebaSvili 76hoi, sixarulo xalxuri 78

sinonimebi, antonimebi, omonimebi

82

arsebiTi saxelis bruneba

72arsebiT saxelTa brunebis

Taviseburebani

80

ZvelTaZveli ambebi

iavnana xalxuri 84iavnana SemecnebiTi teqsti (moamzada mariam metrevelma) 85lile SemecnebiTi teqsti (moamzada mariam metrevelma) 87lile xalxuri 88iobi da futkari akaki wereTeli 90legenduri akaki wereTeli 95xelosnoba saqarTveloSi SemecnebiTi teqsti (filipe gogiCaiSvili)

I. bunebrivi qsovilebis damzadeba 98II.mcenareuli saRebavis damzadeba 101

mamali ras yivis akaki wereTeli 103modioda nino mTebiT ana kalandaZe 109

leqsikoni

112arsebiT saxelTa brunebis

Taviseburebani

93, 97, 106

teqstebi Teoria gramatika

igavis ena

Zunwi da oqro sulxan-saba orbeliani 114viri, vefxvi, mela da mgeli sulxan-saba orbeliani 117mefe da mWedeli sulxan-saba orbeliani 120ZaRli da cxvrebi akaki wereTeli 122Ramura akaki wereTeli 126

mosazreba, argumenti

128

zmna

115zmnis dro

124zmnis drois amocnoba

125

danaSauli da sasjeli

saSineli sasjeli moRalatisa iakob gogebaSvili 130melotebi akaki wereTeli 133mesarke akaki wereTeli 138gaxarebuli mze revaz inaniSvili 140

diskusia

146

zmna da zmniswini

136zmnis kilo

144

TanagrZnoba da sinanuli

ia nawili pirveli vaJa-fSavela 148ia nawili meore vaJa-fSavela 151qarTlis tyve xalxuri 153muxa revaz inaniSvili 156

Canaxati

159

zmnis kiloebi da warsuli dro

150brZanebiTi kilo

154

vaJkacsa _ guli rkinisa

sagmiro leqsebi qarTuli xalxuri poeziidan 162daTuna gociriZe nawili pirveli akaki wereTeli 165daTuna gociriZe nawili meore akaki wereTeli 167

pirdapiri da iribi naTqvami

171

zmnis Taviseburebani

164, 169zmnis formebi kiloebisa da

droebis mixedviT

170

Tavi VII

Tavi VI

Tavi V

Tavi VIII

teqstebi Teoria gramatika

igavis ena

Zunwi da oqro sulxan-saba orbeliani 114viri, vefxvi, mela da mgeli sulxan-saba orbeliani 117mefe da mWedeli sulxan-saba orbeliani 120ZaRli da cxvrebi akaki wereTeli 122Ramura akaki wereTeli 126

mosazreba, argumenti

128

zmna

115zmnis dro

124zmnis drois amocnoba

125

danaSauli da sasjeli

saSineli sasjeli moRalatisa iakob gogebaSvili 130melotebi akaki wereTeli 133mesarke akaki wereTeli 138gaxarebuli mze revaz inaniSvili 140

diskusia

146

zmna da zmniswini

136zmnis kilo

144

TanagrZnoba da sinanuli

ia nawili pirveli vaJa-fSavela 148ia nawili meore vaJa-fSavela 151qarTlis tyve xalxuri 153muxa revaz inaniSvili 156

Canaxati

159

zmnis kiloebi da warsuli dro

150brZanebiTi kilo

154

vaJkacsa _ guli rkinisa

sagmiro leqsebi qarTuli xalxuri poeziidan 162daTuna gociriZe nawili pirveli akaki wereTeli 165daTuna gociriZe nawili meore akaki wereTeli 167

pirdapiri da iribi naTqvami

171

zmnis Taviseburebani

164, 169zmnis formebi kiloebisa da

droebis mixedviT

170

5

10

15

20

25

teqstebi Teoria gramatika

sicili gadamdebiao!

ra ufro sakvirvelia zRapari 174WaSi Cavardnilis igavi nawyveti, `vefxistyaosani~ 178daTvi da monadireni sulxan-saba orbeliani 180ambad gagonilni ilia WavWavaZe 184razed icinodnen yvavilebi? revaz inaniSvili 187

iumori, ironia

194

zedsarTavi saxeli

182zedsarTavi saxelis

xarisxis formebi

191

da me vigoneb...

Semodioda CvenSi kalanda ana kalandaZe 196nikoloz gostaSabiSvili nawili pirveli ilia WavWavaZe 199nikoloz gostaSabiSvili nawili meore ilia WavWavaZe 203xelosnoba saqarTveloSi SemecnebiTi teqsti (filipe gogiCaiSvili) 206

werili

197

zedsarTavisa da arsebiTi saxelis

erTad bruneba

202martivi da rTuli sityvebi

210

dedaenis Zala

iavnanam ra hqmna? iakob gogebaSvili

samSoblo Rvinisa 214sofeli vaSlovani 214lekebi kaxeTSi 217qeTos itaceben 217mdevari 222qeTos naibi yidulobs 224qeTo lek qalad iqca 225amao cda qeTos mamisa 227qeTos mama itacebs 228qeTo saSinlad itanjeba 233iavnanam ra hqmna? 237qeTo da misi dedobil-mamobili 242qeTos bedniereba 243

mxatvruli filmi `iavnana~

246

zmnizeda

220qarTuli zmnis Taviseburebani

231, 241

gulidan amoZaxili

qari hqris galaktion tabiZe 248gazafxulis saRamo terenti graneli 249patarZeulis iebi giorgi leoniZe 254

saxelmZRvanelos leqsikoni 256

poezia da proza

250kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxeli

252

Tavi XI

Tavi X

Tavi IX

Tavi XII

30

35

40

45

50

teqstebi Teoria gramatika

sicili gadamdebiao!

ra ufro sakvirvelia zRapari 174WaSi Cavardnilis igavi nawyveti, `vefxistyaosani~ 178daTvi da monadireni sulxan-saba orbeliani 180ambad gagonilni ilia WavWavaZe 184razed icinodnen yvavilebi? revaz inaniSvili 187

iumori, ironia

194

zedsarTavi saxeli

182zedsarTavi saxelis

xarisxis formebi

191

da me vigoneb...

Semodioda CvenSi kalanda ana kalandaZe 196nikoloz gostaSabiSvili nawili pirveli ilia WavWavaZe 199nikoloz gostaSabiSvili nawili meore ilia WavWavaZe 203xelosnoba saqarTveloSi SemecnebiTi teqsti (filipe gogiCaiSvili) 206

werili

197

zedsarTavisa da arsebiTi saxelis

erTad bruneba

202martivi da rTuli sityvebi

210

dedaenis Zala

iavnanam ra hqmna? iakob gogebaSvili

samSoblo Rvinisa 214sofeli vaSlovani 214lekebi kaxeTSi 217qeTos itaceben 217mdevari 222qeTos naibi yidulobs 224qeTo lek qalad iqca 225amao cda qeTos mamisa 227qeTos mama itacebs 228qeTo saSinlad itanjeba 233iavnanam ra hqmna? 237qeTo da misi dedobil-mamobili 242qeTos bedniereba 243

mxatvruli filmi `iavnana~

246

zmnizeda

220qarTuli zmnis Taviseburebani

231, 241

gulidan amoZaxili

qari hqris galaktion tabiZe 248gazafxulis saRamo terenti graneli 249patarZeulis iebi giorgi leoniZe 254

saxelmZRvanelos leqsikoni 256

poezia da proza

250kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxeli

252

11

`dRem daixura pirbade,

mTebma daxuWes Tvalebi~...

vaJa-fSavela

bunebis suraTebiTavi

1

nakaduli (leqsi) ..........................................................................................12

nislebi (leqsi) .............................................................................................13

arsebiT saxelTa jgufebi (gramatika) ....................................................14

WianWvelebi (SemecnebiTi xasiaTis teqsti) ............................................ 16

spilos moSinaureba (SemecnebiTi xasiaTis teqsti) .............................19

epiTeti da Sedareba (literaturis Teoria) ......................................... 22

namdvili ambavi (mwerlis dRiuridan) .....................................................23

arsebiT saxelTa jgufebi (gramatika) ....................................................24

Tovli (leqsi) ...............................................................................................26

upasuxe SekiTxvas

1. Seni azriT, ra msgavsebis safuZvelze Seadara poetma nakaduli irems? SearCie pasuxi:

a) siswrafis gamo

b) feris gamo

ipove

2. romeli striqonebi STaagona mas dRisiT, mzis naTelSi nanaxma nakadulma? ipove leqsSi ori aseTi striqoni.

3. rogor gamoixata leqsSi is, rom nakaduli mcenareTa macocxlebelia? ipove Sesabamisi striqonebi.

4. leqsis romeli striqonebia mTvariT STagonebuli? ra unda iyos am STagonebis safuZveli?

5. ganmarte sityvebi ankara da wanwkara saxelmZRvanelos leqsikonis daxmarebiT. Seadgine winadadeba am sityvebis gamoyenebiT.

imsjele

6. ratom adarebs poeti nakaduls swored brolsa da margalits?

7. adamianTa ra Tvisebis anareklad, saxed miiCnia poetma nakaduli? upasuxeT bolo striqonebis mixedviT.

waikiTxe gamoTqmiT

8. waikiTxe leqsi ise, rom msmenels kargad gadasce poetis ganwyoba.

imsjele

9. Seni azriT, ratom qmnis poeti mokle, Svidmarcvlian striqonebs?

gramatika

10. a) amoiwere leqsidan zedsarTavi saxelebi, romelTac poeti nakadulis aRsawerad iyenebs;

nimuSi: rogori? – pirnaTela, ankara...b) Seni azriT, amaTgan romlebia uCveulo, anu TviT poetis mier gamogonili?

TvisiZveli forma – Tavisi

minariigulisxmeba gamWvirvale

warmoidgine poeti, romelic Tavisi qveynis bunebis cqeriT tkbeba dilaobiT, saRamo xans; mis Tvals itacebs mTidan momdinare nakaduli da am leqss qmnis...

12

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aTeb

iT

av

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savarjiSoebi

nakaduli morboda,viT iremi qorbuda.nakaduli moqroda,gadamdnari oqroda.

kokorgaxsnil venaxebs,yanebs eCqroleboda,pirnaTela, mzeTvala...zRvisken eCqareboda.

mTvaris sxivs Tu Camohyva,broltana da minari,margalitis nawveTi,brolis danadinari.

dalieT, SeiSxefeTSemrgo, tkbili, ankara*;Tvisi wminda gulidanxalxma aawanwkara!..

nakaduli

giorgi leoniZe

4

8

12

16

mTidan SavxevSi nislebi,netavi, risTvis Cadian?iqneb, wylis amosatanad,iqneb, sxva rame dardi aqvT?

ara! miwas rom akocon,kacis danaxva swyuriaT; xeebs emTxvion, riyis qvas,sad kacis nafexuria!

nislebi

giorgi leoniZe

4

8emTxvevamokrZalebiT hkocnis,

eamboreba

kaci(aq) adamianis sinonimi

imsjele

1. romel mxatvrul xerxs iyenebs poeti am leqsSi?

a) Sedarebas

b) gapirovnebas (gasulierebis xerxs)

sakuTari arCevani daasabuTe.

2. raa saerTo giorgi leoniZis am leqsebs Soris? oriveSi Cans:

a) adamianisa da bunebis dafaruli, uxilavi kavSiri;

b) bunebis sasargeblo, sasikeTo Zala.

airCie pasuxi da ganmarte, ratom fiqrob ase.

3. naTqvamia, rom poetebs sCveviaT mkiTxvelis gaoceba moulodneli striqonebiT; rogor daadasturebdi am mosazrebas giorgi leoniZis `nislebis~ magaliTze?

waikiTxe gamoTqmiT

4. waikiTxe leqsi ise, rom sworad gadmosce poetis ganwyoba.

gaixsene

5. gaixsene da aRwere bunebis suraTi, romelmac Seni aRtaceba gamoiwvia.

6. gamoicani sityva, romelzec miganiSne: ... Camowva, daefina, gaifanta.

savarjiSoebi

13

14

gr

am

at

ik

abu

nebi

s su

raT

ebi

Ta

vi

I

14

arsebiT saxelTa jgufebi

davaleba 1:

davaleba 2:

a) daakvirdi `ra~ jgufis svetSi xazgasmul sityvebs da Seadare `vin~ jgufis CamonaTvals.

b) gaixsene da daasrule gramatikuli wesi:

qarTul enaSi kiTxva vin? daesmis mxolod -------------- .

daakvirdi sulierTa da usuloTa saxelebs da maTTan Sewyobil zmnebs:

gaixsene

gaixsene qarTuli enis wesi usulo arsebiTi saxelisa da zmnis ricxvSi Sewyobis Sesaxeb:

usulo arsebiTi saxeli rom mravlobiT ricxvSi CavsvaT, masTan zmna mainc ----------------- ricxvSi darCeba.

es wesi irRveva mxolod maSin, rodesac mwerali gasulierebis xerxs iyenebs.

`vin~ jgufis `ra~ jgufis

adamiani xalxi, poeti, megobari, moswavle, pedagogi, eqimi, mwvrTneli, monadire, mefutkre...

nakaduli, iremi, xevi, nisli, mweri, futkari, ska, ZaRli, cxove-li, nadiri, skola, wigni...

sulierTa usuloTa

adamiani, poeti, xalxi, moswav-le, megobari, mweri, futkari, ZaRli, cxoveli, nadiri, iremi, Citi, eqimi, pedagogi, mefut-kre, mwvrTneli, mevenaxe...

nakaduli, xevi, yana, venaxi, nisli, xe, bude, kenWi, ska, galia, wigni, furceli, kalami, skola, saxli, qva...

skaSi futkrebi moCanan. skaSi fiWebi moCans.

mTaze irmebi dganan. mTaze karvebi dgas.

I jgufi

II jgufi

15

1. daajgufe arsebiTi saxelebi `vin~ da `ra~ jgufebis mixedviT:

zRva, mTa, mxedari, mezRvauri, kaci, miwa, nafexuri, mosaubre, wyali, cxeni, ymawvili, Tevzi, mwevari, mebaduri.

vin? ra?

2. wertilebis nacvlad Cawere gamotovebuli kiTxviTi sityvebi:

a) – baRSi ... galobs? – hkiTxa biWma mamas da xisken TiTi gaiSvira.

b) – wuxel ... Seiwvina sawolSi, isev lekvi? – ikiTxa dedam.

g) – ... dascvivda amdeni balani?! – brazobda bebia da beber katas TvalebiT eZebda.

d) – aivso saxli Seni cxovelebiT! axla ... daadgi Tvali bazrobaze? – mkiTxa Cemma Zmam.

e) – Cito, Cito, nacara, ... ugalob, visa?

– Sen gigalob, patarav, dila mSvidobisa.

3. daakvirdi arsebiT saxelebs da daasrule zmnebi:

a) naxatis marjvena kuTxeSi xazebi erTmaneTs kveT .

b) es naxatebi bavSvis xalisian ganwyobilebas gadmogvcem .

g) garkveul SemTxvevebSi mTamsvlelebi Toks TviTonve kveT .

DDDd) lirikul leqsebSi poetebi sakuTar gancdebs gadmogvcem .

4. ipove winadadebaSi sami arsebiTi saxeli da Semdeg daaxasiaTe nimuSis mixedviT.

mebaRe gaxarebuli iyo, radgan diliT vardi gaSliliyo da bulbuli isev galobda.

nimuSi: dRes mercxali Semofrinda.

mercxali – arsebiTi saxeli, ra jgufis, sulierTa.

5. SeurCie zmnebs Semdegi arsebiTi saxelebi: Rrubeli, mdinare, nisli, ca, nakaduli, zRva.

... mowanwkarebs, ... moquxs, ... Relavs, ... ... gaifanta, ... gadaiyara, ... moiwminda.

savarjiSoebi

16

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erT baRSi bevri xili idga. atmiT, kakliT, msxliT sul savse iyo. am baRSi cxovrobda mebaRe: xexilebs gamxmar totebs usxlavda, yvavilebs wyals usxamda da baRis patara saseirno bilikebze wminda qviSas hfenda. baRis axlomaxlo TavianT budeSi cxovrobda aTasobiT WianWvela. amaT Seityves, rom baRSi bevri amaTi sayvare-li xili xarobda. WianWvelebi didi groviT gaemgzavrnen baRisaken. acocdnen erT xeze da mis xils Wama dauwyes. xe WianWvelebiT ise Seifina, rom Savi feri daedo.

mebaRe rom am xesTan gasasxlavad mivida, zed uTvalavi WianWvela dainaxa da xe Zalian daenana. WianWvelebs xidan Camoreka dauwyo; magram isini miesivnen da kbena dauwyes: mebaRem Tavi daaneba da ukan gamobrunda. yovel cismare dRes WianWvelebi gaemgzavrebodnen xolme baRisaken da yovelTvis imave xeze adiodnen.

– ra unda vuyo am WianWvelebs? – hkiTxavda yovel Tavis nacnobs mebaRe, magram gamosadegi rCevis micema veravin SeZlo. Semdeg erTma beberma kacma uTxra: `Tambaqos wveni wausvi xes da WianWvelebi srulebiTac veRar miekare-bian~.

meore dRes, roca WianWvelebi xeze iyvnen, mebaRem aiRo Tambaqos foTlebi da maTi wveniT xis Rero ori TiTis dadebaze garSemo daasvela. „axla ki WianWvelebi samuda-mod xeze darCebian da aq daixocebian~, – ifiqra mebaRem.

rodesac WianWvelebi danayrdnen da Zirs Camococdnen, naxes, rom yvelani datyvevebuliyvnen da veRar dabrun-debodnen TavianT sadgomSi. xidan Camoxtoma WianWvelebs ar SeeZloT; maT arc frena ician, radganac frTebi ara aqvT. ra unda eqnaT?

maT xis kenweroze moiyares Tavi da sja-baasi daiwyes, Tu rogor unda eSvelaT TavisaTvis. gamocdilma WianWvelebma WianWvelur enaze Tqves: – moismineT, mego-brebo! vinc CvenSi ufro guladni arian, isini gavidnen gayviTlebul foTlebze: foTlebi Zirs Cacviva da maTze mjdomareni Tan Cahyvebian. mere isini Seecdebian, qvemo-dan miwis xidi gagvikeTon im Tambaqos wvenis salteze.

im wamsve ufro Ronieri WianWvelebi dasxdnen gayviT-lebul foTlebze da maTTan erTad Cacvivdnen miwaze; imaT maSinve mihyves muSaobas xeli; Tambaqos saltesTan mozides sveli miwis karga mozrdili namcecebi, zed gardigardmo kargad miaglises da patara xidi gamarTes. gaimarTa Tu ara xidi, xeze momwyvdeuli WianWvelebi

WianWvelebi

gardigardmosiganeze, ganivad

wminda qviSawvrili qviSa, anu sila

gasxvlazedmeti Stoebis mocla

SemecnebiTi* xasiaTis teqstebi

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sixaruliT daeSvnen qveviT, mSvidobiT gamoiares gake-Tebuli xidi da Zirs Camovidnen. Semdgom am xidze asvla da Camosvla ise gamarTes, TiTqos Tambaqos wvenis salte sulac ara yofiliyos.

mebaRe yvelafers xedavda, rasac ki WianWvelebi sCadi-odnen, magram aras uSlida: piriqiT, didi siamovnebiT da gakvirvebiT adevnebda Tvals, Tu rogor gonivrulad akeTebdnen TavianT saqmeebs WianWvelebi. magram mas xec Zalian enaneboda. mebaRe daRonda da sul imas fiqrobda, Tu rogor moeSorebina WianWvelebi Tavidan.

erTxel, roca WianWvelebi xeze isxdnen, mebaRem xis garSemo patara Txrili gaakeTa, wyliT aavso da gaifi-qra, axla ki WianWvelebi Sin dabrunebas veRar eRirse-bian, gza xom Sekrulia, garSemo sul wyali dgaso. saRamo-Ti WianWvelebma Zirs Camosvla daiwyes, miadgnen patara Txrils da gaCerdnen. garSemo wyali daxvdaT.

– erihaa, ubedureba gvewia, veRar davbrundebiT Cvens saxlSi! – Tqves WianWvelebma da xis garSemo Segrovdnen. gansacdelSi Cavardnilebma sja-baasi daiwyes, Tu rogor daeRwiaT Tavi xifaTisagan.

sami gonieri WianWvela miuaxlovda yrilobas da uTxra: – Cveni saqme jer srulebiT ar aris wamxdari. nu geSi-

niaT, Zmebo, gulmagrad iyaviT. zogi Cvengani unda Sevides wyalSi da daixrCos; magram am gmirobis fasad, danarCeni yvela WianWvela am damxrCvlebze, rogorc karg xidze, ise gaivlis. yvelaze uwin Cven samni mogcemT magaliTs!

rodesac amaT yvela sxva WianWvela daeTanxma, es sami WianWvela pirdapir Sevarda wyalSi, amaT mihyva ukan bevri, Zalian bevri WianWvela; erTi erTmaneTze Sedgnen, gamwkrivdnen gubis meore napiramde da amnairad gamarTes Cinebuli xidi, romelzedac advilad gavidnen danarCeni WianWvelebi da mividnen TavianT binaze.

rodesac mebaRem dainaxa, rom WianWvelebs ise uyvarT erTmaneTi, rom saerTo gaWirvebis dros sicocxles ar zogaven erTmaneTisaTvis, maSin maT Seviwroebas Tavi gaaneba da misca neba, eWamaT imis baRSi imdeni xili, ram-denic undodaT.

iakob gogebaSvili

sja-baasimsjeloba, kamaTi

wamxdarigafuWebuli

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upasuxe SekiTxvebs

1. ganmarte, ras niSnavs xis gasxlva? daixmare saxelmZRvanelos leqsikoni.

2. ra rCeva misca erTma moxucma mebaRes?

moZebne teqstSi

3. me-5 abzacidan amokribe cnobebi, Tu ra sCvevia WianWvelas da ra ar SeuZlia mas.

4. me-7 abzacidan amokribe da Camowere WianWvelebis gonivruli qcevis magaliTebi.

imsjele

5. waikiTxe me-9 abzaci; SesaZlebelia Tu ara am monakveTis dakavSireba qarTul xalxur zRaparTan `rwyili da WianWvela~?

dawere

6. daasrule Txrobis gegma; gamoyavi momdevno 8 sakiTxi (abzacebis mixedviT).

nimuSi (I-IV abzacebi):

1. WianWvelebi baRisaken gaemgzavrnen;

2. mebaRes xe daenana;

3. moxuci kacis rCeva;

4. datyvevebuli WianWvelebi...

imsjele

7. aris Tu ara am SemecnebiT teqstSi gamoyenebuli mxatvruli xerxebi – Sedareba, gapirovneba? sakuTari mosazreba daasabuTe.

8. ra zemoqmedeba moaxdina mebaReze WianWvelebis qcevam? Seafase mebaRis saqcieli; Sen rogor moiqceodi?

moipove informacia

9. sabavSvo enciklopediidan Tu sxva SemecnebiTi xasiaTis wignebidan amokribe masala WianWvelebis Sesaxeb, gaige, rogor gadascemen isini informacias erTmaneTs; naSromi klasis winaSe warmoadgine.

imsjele (wyvilebSi samuSao)

10.imsjeleT, adamianis ra Tvisebebi igulisxmeba am gamonaTqvamebSi?

a) iseTi kacia, WianWvelas fexs ar daadgams.

b) es patiosani kaci WianWvelasaviT cxovrobs.

g) hqonodes mas erTguleba ZaRlisa da Zala WianWvelasi! (ase daloca ufliswuli vezirma sulxan-saba orbelianis nawarmoebSi).

savarjiSoebi