Tina Maschi, PhD, LCSW, ACSWAssociate Professor

Fordham University Graduate School of Social ServiceExecutive Director, Be the Evidence Project

President, National Organization of Forensic Social Work

Caregiving & Incarceration Caregiving & Incarceration Evidence of Compassion, Mercy, and Redemption in PrisonEvidence of Compassion, Mercy, and Redemption in Prison

OverviewOverview Human Rights

The State of Death, Dying, and Prison Treatment as Usual

Peer Support, Compassion, Service, among the Incarcerated

Peer Support Program Exemplars

Human Rights as a Framework for Care Giving and Receiving

Article 8.Right to an

effective remedyby competent

tribunals

Article 9.No arbitrary

arrest, detentionor exile.

Article 7.All are equal

before the lawand entitled to

equal protection

Article 5.No one subjected

to torture or tocruel, inhuman or

degradingtreatment orpunishment.

Article 3.Right to life,liberty andsecurity of

person.

Article 4.No one shall be

held in slavery orservitude.

Article 2.Entitled to all

rights andfreedoms

THE HUMAN RIGHTS MAP: EIGHT DOMAINS OF WELL-BEING AND THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS

CulturalWell Being

Mental WellBeing

SocialWell Being

SpiritualWell Being

EconomicWell Being

EducationalWell Being

PhysicalWell Being

Article 6.Everyone hasthe right torecognition

before the law

Article 11.Right to bepresumedinnocent.

Article 12.Right to privacy,

family, home,correspondence.

Article 10.Right to fair andpublic hearingby an impartial

tribunal.

Article 13.Right to freedom

of movementand residence.

Article 15.Right to a

nationality.

Article 16.Right to marry

and family withthe free consent.Right to family

protection.

Article 14.Right to seek

and enjoyasylum frompersecution.

Article 30.Declaration may

not be interpretedfor destruction of

any rights andfreedoms.

Article 29.Everyone hasduties to the

community forthe full

development ofpersonality.

Article 1.Freedom,

equality, rightsfor all. Act in

spirit ofbrotherhood

Article 27.Right freely to

participate in thecultural life of

the community.

Article 26.Right to

education.

Article 28.Entitled to a social

& internationalorder where rights

& freedoms arerecognized

Article 25.Right to a

standard ofliving adequatefor the health

and well-being.

Article 23.Right to work, ,

good workconditions, equal

pay, form andjoin trade unions.

Article 22.Right to social

security.

Article 24.Everyone has

the right to restand leisure.

Article 18.Right to freedom

of thought,conscience and

religion.

Article 20.Right to freedom

of peacefulassembly andassociation.

Article 19.Right to freedom

of opinion andexpression

Article 21.Right to part ingovernment,

have access topublic service.

Article 17.Right to own

property.

PoliticalWell Being

Individual,Family

List Here

LegalWell Being

Health &Well-Being

IndividualFamily

Community

The Whole Person in the Social Environment

Human RightsValues

Dignity, Respect, Intrinsic ValueDuty to Others

Human Rights• Political• Civil• Economic• Social • Cultural

• Root (basic needs)• Physical• Cognitive• Emotional• Social /Cultural• Spiritual• Participatory

(Maschi, 2011)

The Critical Omega Point:The Critical Omega Point:How Did You Think We Got Here?How Did You Think We Got Here?

U.S-Global Mass Incarcerator (2.3 million in prison, 16% aged 50 and older)

Accelerated aging (i.e., biological vs. chronological age, e.g., early cognitive and physical decline, dementia, early mortality) in prison populations

Record numbers die a year in prison of many causes (e.g., U.S. in 2012; N = 5,000)

Lack of adequate specialized long term and hospice care or use of compassionate release laws

Undignified Practices: Incarcerated person died in shackles chained to his bed in New Orleans hospital (1984)

(BJS, 2012; Finlay, 1998; Marushak,2008 WHO, 2010)

Common Cumulative Individual, Social and Structural Determinants: for

Health, Well-being, and CJ Involvement•Race •Gender•Age•Physical & Mental Disabilities•Empathy and Moral Development•Decision-Making and Problem Solving Skills•Health Histories•Substance Use•Offense History•Trauma/Stress/Victimization•Poverty/Income•Education/Employment•Homelessness•Offense History•Oppression, Stigma, Discrimination•Policies (Therapeutic Jurisprudence)

•Social Support• Family, Peers, Community

•Access to Services or Legal Assistance•Prior Service Use•Environment (Prison, Violence, Inadequate Healthcare)

The Critical Omega (End)

Point-Age, Death and

Dying Human Made

DisasterAlpha-the Beginning

Understanding the Problem From A Heightened Understanding the Problem From A Heightened Global Historic Consciousness PerspectiveGlobal Historic Consciousness Perspective

Trajectory of Care Giving Systems Trajectory of Care Giving Systems That Influence Aging, Longevity, That Influence Aging, Longevity, and Justiceand Justice

The Pathway to the Black Box of Prison for Older and Social Disadvantaged Populations

Why the Rise of the Seriously Why the Rise of the Seriously Ill and Dying in Prison?Ill and Dying in Prison?

General growth in global aging population

Ebb and flow of stricter punitive approaches vs. compassionate/restorative approaches 1980s U.S. stricter sentencing policies (e.g., violent

crimes), disproportionate and unjust sentences and and then adopted worldwide

Created rapidly growing international human made disaster of the mass incarceration of elderly and other socially disadvantaged groups

Additional Lack of Prison Restorative Justice Practice and Fair Parole and Compassionate Release Laws and Practices

(ACLU, 2012; Aday, 2003; HRW, 2012; Maschi et al., 2011; in press; UNDOC, 2009; Wahidin, 2004; WHO, 2011; Williams et al., 2011, 2012)

Problem: Multisystemic Problem: Multisystemic BarriersBarriers

Corrections is ill-prepared to address the problem alone:Providing holistic long-term health and social care; or Addressing the cumulative determinants of disadvantage (‘social determinants of health’) Multi-system service and large scale policy reform that infuses compassion and restorationTraining interdisciplinary professionalsEmpowering individuals, families, and communities adversely affectedEffectively addressing negative public attitudes towards stigmatized groups and sensitive topics

attitudes towards aging, death and dying, crime and victimization, public safety counter arguments

(ACLU, 2012; Aday, 2003; HRW, 2012; Maschi et al., 2011; in press; UNDOC, 2009; WHO, 2011; Williams et al., 2011, 2012)

Heterogeneity of Aging in Place: The Heterogeneity of Aging in Place: The Intersection of Sentence Length & Intersection of Sentence Length & Comorbid Special NeedsComorbid Special Needs

Prison Sentence Length

Life Course Older Adults in Prison (Long-termer Incarcerated early in life)-serving long sentences (20+ years) often for violent offenses

Acute and Chronic Older Person with Recidivism History-cycle in and out of prison

Late Onset Older Adult in Prison-incarcerated later in life and serving various sentence lengths

Possible Special Needs Comorbidities

Older Prisoners

Ethnic and Racial Minorities and Indigenous Peoples

Prisoners with Mental Health Care Needs

Prisoners with Disabilities

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Persons

Foreign National Persons

Persons Under Sentence of Death

Women(may have one or more special needs-

implications for access to justice)

(e.g.,Goetting, 1983; HRW, 2012; Maschi et al., 2012; Williams et al. 2012)

Age and Sentence Length-US Age and Sentence Length-US State PrisonsState Prisons

(HRW, 2012, p. 26; National Corrections Reporting Program Note: Based on 24 states reporting year-end prison population data for 2009.

Sentence in Months Age ≤ 120 121-240 More than

240

Life without

parole

Life plus

additional

years

Life Death Total

≤20 years 25,890 1,882 786 83 8 529 - 29,178

88.8% 6.5% 2.7% 0.3% 0.0% 1.8% 0.0% 100%

21 – 30 years 196,965 27,815 12,711 1,825 89 8,490 153 248,048

79.4% 11.2% 5.1% 0.7% 0.0% 3.4% 0.1% 100%

31 – 40 years 141,270 33,491 25,299 3,237 434 17,438 471 221,640

63.7% 15.1% 11.4% 1.5% 0.2% 7.9% 0.2% 100%

41 – 50 years 103,552 27,478 29,189 2,562 695 19,119 520 183,115

56.5% 15.0% 15.9% 1.4% 0.4% 10.4% 0.3% 100%

51 – 60 years 36,646 11,556 15,618 1,511 580 12,618 307 78,836

46.5% 14.7% 19.8% 1.9% 0.7% 16.0% 0.4% 100%

61 – 70 years 6,656 2,890 3,721 476 201 4,517 113 18,574

35.8% 15.6% 20.0% 2.6% 1.1% 24.3% 0.6% 100%

71 – 80 years 1,047 539 581 75 28 924 9 3,203

32.7% 16.8% 18.1% 2.3% 0.9% 28.8% 0.3% 100%

> 80 years 108 57 54 9 4 124 1 357

30.2% 16.0% 15.1% 2.5% 1.1% 34.7% 0.3% 100%

Total 512,134 105,708 87,959 9,778 2,039 63,759 1,574 782,951

65.4% 13.5% 11.2% 1.2% 0.3% 8.1% 0.2% 100%

U.S. State Prisoners Statistics on U.S. State Prisoners Statistics on Cause of Deaths by Demographics Cause of Deaths by Demographics (BJS, 2010)(BJS, 2010)

Heart liver Resp ira tory All o ther Drug/a lcohol disease Cancer disease diseases AIDS illnesses Suicide intoxication Accident Hom icide

8,415 7,833 2,442 2,025 1,540 6,086 1,994 3 9 8 290 5 1 5

TABLE 21 Number of state prisoner deaths,by cause of death and selected characteristics,2001-2010

Illness

Characteristic

Tota l

Sex

M ale 8,234 7,500 2,318 1 ,921 1,460 5,739 1 ,8 9 3 3 8 4 278 511 Female 1 8 1 3 3 3 124 1 0 4 8 0 347 1 0 0 1 4 1 2 4

Race/Hispanic origin•

W hite 4,428 4,195 1,299 1 ,101 3 1 8 2 ,8 0 0 1 ,1 5 8 231 1 5 7 234 Black/African Am erican 3,194 2,827 607 711 1,0 4 0 2,384 419 7 2 89 1 7 6 H is panic /Latino 685 661 473 1 8 9 1 6 9 792 3 3 0 7 9 35 8 8 O therb 101 1 2 9 6 0 21 12 97 8 0 1 6 8 1 5

Age

1 7 or younger 0 0 2 9 0 1 8 -2 4 8 0 4 3 8 4 5 16 9 3 2 8 8 2 4 2 2 6 4 2 5 -3 4 4 0 8 200 5 4 1 3 9 204 3 6 8 6 5 6 111 6 4 144 3 5 -4 4 1,296 882 3 8 1 2 7 6 661 1 ,0 7 0 571 1 4 6 7 4 1 4 9 4 5 -5 4 2,366 2,498 1 ,226 4 8 4 512 2,088 341 8 8 7 2 1 0 6

55 or o lder 4,262 4 ,2 0 6 7 7 2 1 ,0 7 8 1 4 7 2 ,4 6 0 1 2 9 29 5 7 5 1 N ote: D ata m ay have been revised from previously published statistics to reflec t upda ted in form a tion .D e ta il m ay not sum to tota l due to m issing data.

' Excludes persons o fH ispanic/La tino orig in unless specified. blncludes A m erican Ind ian or A laska N ative, Asian or Pacific Is landers ,and persons identifying two or m ore ra ce s.

Source: Bureau o f Justice S ta tis tics,D eaths in C ustody R eporting Program, 2 0 0 1 -2 0 1 0 .

Crime Type and Age-US State Crime Type and Age-US State Prisons (2009)Prisons (2009)

Offense Types

Age < 55

Age ≥ 55

Total Percent

≥ 55 in offense group

Percent with

offense in ≥ 55

Percent with

offense in < 55

Violent 436,509

44,924 481,433

9.3% 65.3% 49.6%

Sexual crimes among violent

89,193 16,892 106,085

15.9% 24.6% 10.1%

Property 173,685

8,425 182,110

4.6% 12.3% 19.7%

Drugs 165,594

8,225 173,819

4.7% 12.0% 18.8%

Public offense 95,722 6,678 102,400

6.5% 9.7% 10.9%

Other/unspecified

8,245 512 8,757 5.8% 0.7% 0.9%

Total 879,755

68,764 948,519

7.2% 100% 100%

(HRW, 20120, p. 27; National Corrections Reporting Program Note: Based on 24 states reporting year-end prison population data for 2009.

MethodsMethods Funder: John A. Hartford Foundation and Gerontological

Society of America-Geriatric Social Work Faculty Scholars Award

Principal Investigator: Tina Maschi, PhD, LCSW, ACSW

Design: Cross-Sectional Correlational Mixed Methods Design

Sample: 677 older adults in prison

654 men; 24 women

Measures: Life Stressors Checklist-Revised, open-ended questions

Data Collection: Mailed Survey (Dillman 4 step method)

Quantitative Analysis: Descriptive AnalysisQualitative Data Analysis: Grounded Theory Approach

Holistic Portrait: Participants’ Self Reported Personal Histories (N = 667)

Holistic Portrait: Participants’ Self-Reported Health Histories (N = 672)

Personal and Professional Contacts Personal and Professional Contacts (past 3 months)(past 3 months)

Method of Contact (N =632)

 Personal ContactNo Contact

 Phone

ContactVisits Phone Contact

& VisitsLetters

• Marital or Life Partner67.5 14.1 9.2 8.7 0.5

• Children59.8 17.6 12.9 8.2 1.6

• Grandchildren77.4 10.3 7.5 3.9 0.9

• Siblings48.5 27.8 13.6 7.6 2.5

• Parents69.8 12.3 9.0 5.2 0.7

• Friends64.1 19.7 10.2 3.8 2.2

Professional Contact No Contact Phone Contact

Visits Phone Contact and Visits

Letters

• Teachers 92.1 1.1 6.5 .4 X

• Social Workers 63.3 2.5 33.7 .5 X

• Medical Staff 33.9 2.8 62.7 .7 X

• Psychologists 68.9 1.3 29.8 X X

• Psychiatrists 74.7 1.1 24.2 X X

• Other Incarcerated Persons 57.3 2.1 39.8 .6 .2

• Probation/Parole Officers 89.6 1.1 9.1 .2 X

• Religious Volunteers/Staff 57.0 .9 41.4 .5 .2

Life and Death in Life and Death in PrisonPrisonQuote from ‘Mary’, 66 year old woman in prison-Served 5 years

Prison is a hard place. Pure Hell! As long as you are in khaki, you are considered non-human. I miss my family and want to go home so bad. I don't feel there is enough mental health available on a regular basis or the comfortable feeling of just expressing yourself without the fear of being put in lockdown. The elder suffer the most because there isn't much for them, us. The medical here makes no sense. Until you have an ailment, you are put off and time holds you back. I have the starts of osteoporosis and seeing how some people young and old are treated makes me suffer and deal with it. I look at it that I will deal with it when I get home. In the meantime I hurt and deal with it. Prayer and God is what gets me through every day, moment, second I am here. Overall it's horrible and wouldn't wish this on my worst enemy.

From T. Maschi (2010) John A. Hartford and Gerontological Society of America Geriatric Social Work Scholars Funded Project

Life and Death in Life and Death in PrisonPrisonQuote from ‘Joseph’, 57 year old man in prison

I was assigned to a job in the Prison Infirmary (E.C.U.) as a porter. The infirmary job was often very depressing. They have a couple of padded cells there and the screams of tormented souls could be heard throughout many shifts. There were also what we called the "death rooms". These were a row of 5-6 cells which housed terminally ill inmates. They had been brought in from prisons throughout the state. Many were fairly young. The medical "professionals" working here had minimal interaction with them; they were largely cared for by-care inmate volunteers. When one of the terminal cases passed away, and ambulance would eventually arrive to take the body out of the prison. The guards and medical staff would not help "bag and tag" the body, so it was left to us porters to assist in it.

From T. Maschi (2010) John A. Hartford and Gerontological Society of America Geriatric Social Work Scholars Funded Project

Life and Death in Life and Death in PrisonPrisonQuote from ‘Joseph’, a 57 year old man in prison (continued)

The apathy of the guards toward dying inmates was unconscionable. We had one inmate about 30 years old whose wife and 2 small children were given permission for a special visit because he was near death. As shift change approached, a nurse entered the room and the family had to stand outside of the door. A female guard yelled to the nurse, "Isn't he dead yet? I don't want to have to stay late to do the paperwork." The two little girls were sobbing in no time. We also had an inmate turn 100 years old there. He was completely bed-ridden. He passed away eventually. I was left wondering how society was being served by that. In the 6 months that I worked there, 6-7 inmates passed away. Hepatitis and diabetes cases abounded, with many amputations.

. From T. Maschi (2010) John A. Hartford and Gerontological Society of America Geriatric Social Work Scholars Funded Project

Qualitative FindingsQualitative Findings

Life Course Trauma and Social Life Course Trauma and Social ContextsContexts

On average, adults aged 50+ report 3 lifetime traumatic or stressful life events and current subjective distress

80% report being witnesses to or victims of family and/or community violence, including war

60% report an unexpected death-someone class

40% report trauma and stress symptoms to being diagnosed with a serious physical or mental illness and retraumatization in healthcare settings

25% caregiver of person with serious illness

28% reported forced separation from a child

5%-have child with a handicap

60% report abuse and stress in prison

From T. Maschi (2010) John A. Hartford and Gerontological Society of America Geriatric Social Work Scholars Funded Project

Serving Life Serving Life DocumentaryDocumentary

"Serving Life" takes viewers inside Louisiana's maximum security prison at Angola, where the average sentence is more than 90 years. The prisoners within its walls are the worst of the worst - rapists, kidnappers and murderers. With prison sentences so long, 85 percent will never again live in the outside world. Instead, the will grow old and die in Angola. "Serving Life" documents an extraordinary hospice program where hardened criminals care for their dying fellow inmates. In doing so, they embark on a journey that may end in personal rehabilitation. " 'Serving Life' reveals the humanity that exists inside each and every one of us," said Whitaker. "In the Angola prison's hospice, we meet inmates who decide to take an opportunity for redemption, reminding us of the connection that exists between each and every human being." The volunteers are trained, pushed and tested. Some fail, but some succeed and discover that the human touch can reach the soul. "I thought maybe if I helped somebody else," one inmate says, "that would help relieve some of the guilt."

From: http://press.discovery.com/us/own/programs/serving-life/

Local to Global Innovations that Incorporate Human Rights

and Compassion in Corrections

IN SMALL PLACES IN SMALL PLACES CLOSE TO HOMECLOSE TO HOME

Findings: Wellness ActivitiesFindings: Wellness ActivitiesPsychosocial Spiritual Empowerment Psychosocial Spiritual Empowerment Medicine: Qualitative FindingsMedicine: Qualitative Findings

Exercise (4) I do yoga all the time

Pray (6) Read (4)

Pray and read the Quran

Anger management (1) Music (1)

Music relaxation are my stress relievers

Meditate (1) Self Reflection (1)

Read, study, work on self, and improvement, attitude, behaviors

Leadership and Social Participation (Participatory) (5)

Programs, exercise, palliative care worker, working with at risk juveniles, etc…

Focus on victim program, exercise, computer workforce, community awareness day, HIV AIDS group

Read my Bible, I am a minister now. I do all things the word way

NA and AA Exercise, work (strip & buff floors),

write letters, talk on the phone

What Kinds of Things Did You Do in the Past Month to Manage Stress?

Promising Practices-Common Promising Practices-Common Factors Factors

Human Rights-Based & Target One or More Domains of Well-Being

[root (basic needs), physical, cognitive, emotional, social/cultural, spiritual, participatory]

1. Geriatric case management (medical, mental health, substance abuse,, family services, social services, housing, educational or vocational training, victim-offender mediation, spiritual counseling, physical exercise, employment or benefits counseling)

2. Culturally responsive-address one or more special needs populations

3. Establishment of safe and peaceful environment

4. Assessment of cognitive and physical capacity to establish service needs (as opposed to chronological age)

5. Availability sensitive environmental modifications (including segregated units, specialized lighting and open shared meeting space)

6. Holistic dementia and palliative and end-of-life care

7. Complementary medicine (e.g., arts, pet therapy, massage, folk healing or spiritual practices)

8. Family and peer accessibility

9. Peer support models (in-prison or community)

10. Victim and advocacy services

11. Human, Civil, and Legal Rights

Promising Practices-Promising Practices-ExemplarsExemplars

Prison or Community The Unit for Cognitively Impaired (UCI)

(Fishkill, NY Corrections)-Dementia Unit-innovative, holistic design

Prison Hospices with Peer Support (Prison and Community) Angola State Prison Hospice Unit -Hospice with peer

support component California Men’s Colony-Treatment of serious and

terminally ill with peer support component INFIRM: Community Program in Canada with Human

Rights Framework True Grit Program-Geriatric Structure

Programming in Nevada Prison India-Long Termers Family-Focused Open Prison

(Aday & Krabill, 2012; Harrison, 2006. UNODC, 2009; Maschi et al., 2011, 2012)

What ‘Lifers’ Can Teach Us About What ‘Lifers’ Can Teach Us About Thinking Outside of the Prison Box: Thinking Outside of the Prison Box: ‘Prisons of Peace”‘Prisons of Peace”

Welcome to Prison of Peace Prison of Peace is a pro bono project created by professional mediators Laurel Kaufer, Esq. and Douglas E. Noll, Esq. at the request of life and long term inmates at Valley State Prison for Women in Chowchilla, CA.

Prisoners as Peacemakers? How is it that women, with dark pasts, many of them serving time for murder and manslaughter, could possibly be peacemakers?

It Started With a Letter... The story is one of personal commitment to themselves and the community in which most are destined to live out their lives.“This is an environment filled with conflict and violence. There is a dire need and want for change,” said Susan Russo, one of the fifteen initial peacemakers, serving a life sentence without the possibility of parole at Valley State Prison for Women in Chowchilla, CA. “Mediation interests all of us because we are lifers and long-termers hoping to make a difference in teaching our peers that there is a better way.” Beginning her quest in 2007, Ms. Russo wrote over 50 handwritten letters from prison to mediators all over California. Her letters went unanswered until August of 2009 when one of her letters made it to Laurel Kaufer, Esq., a well-known Southern California mediator and peacemaker and founder of the post-Katrina Mississippi Mediation Project. “As soon as I read the letter, I was hooked, but also knew that I couldn’t do it alone. Still standing at the mailbox, I called my friend and colleague, Doug Noll, the only person I would consider working with on a project like this,” said Ms. Kaufer. “Doug is a superb trainer, mediator, and restorative justice expert. I read the letter to him. He was silent for about a nano-second before he said, ‘I’m in. What’s our next step?’”

The Goals of Prison of PeaceTo teach personal emotional intelligence skills to inmates To teach essential personal problem-solving skills to inmates To introduce and teach the restorative process of peace circles To introduce and teach the principles of moral engagement To teach basic mediation skills as third party neutrals To embed peacemaking, defined as collaborative, respectful problem-solving processes to resolve interpersonal and group conflicts, within the prison. To create capacity to continue the expansion of training and knowledge within the prison by training inmates to be instructors and trainers. To create a sustainable program of peace building within the prison To provide an avenue for continuing education and training for correctional officers and administrators in conflict resolution, peacemaking, and restorative justice.

http://www.prisonofpeace.org/index.html

  Sensei Charles "Chas" Sensei Charles "Chas" RansomeRansome

http://www.manipulatedtrial.de/Chas%20Ransome.htm

President of the Lifers & Long Termers Organization at the Otisville Correctional Facility in New York. The Lifers & Long Termers Organization (LLO)

Lifers & Long Termers Lifers & Long Termers Organization Organization Otisville Correctional Facility, Otisville Correctional Facility, Otisville, New York-1Otisville, New York-1

Current Board consists of:Chas Ransome 85-A-1643 PresidentVacant Vacant Vice PresidentRonnie Bush 85-B-1355 TreasurerAlejo Rodriquez 86-A-0607 SecretaryHaroldCummings 88T1116 Sgt. Of Arms

Lifers & Long Termers Organization Lifers & Long Termers Organization OtisvilleOtisvilleCorrectional Facility, Otisville, New Correctional Facility, Otisville, New York-2York-2

Current Board consists of:Chas Ransome 85-A-1643 PresidentVacant Vacant Vice PresidentRonnie Bush 85-B-1355 TreasurerAlejo Rodriquez 86-A-0607 SecretaryHaroldCummings 88T1116 Sgt. Of Arms

Be the Evidence You Want to See in the World

TAKE AWAY MESSAGETAKE AWAY MESSAGE“To forgive is to set a prisoner free and discover that the prisoner was you.”

-Lewis Smedes

For More Information If you are interested in getting of this presentation

or articles referenced in this presentation:

Visit Be the Evidence Project Aging in the Criminal Justice Project at: http://www.fordham.edu/btep

Contact Tina Maschi at tmaschi@fordham.edu Principal Investigator: Tina Maschi, PhD, LCSW, ACSW

Fordham University Graduate School of Social Service

113 West 60th Street New York, NY   10023/

Tel: (914) 367-3105/Fax: (914) 367-3112

Email: tmaschi@fordham.edu

Resource LinksResource Links Council on Social Work Education

Gero-Ed Center Aging Times Special Issue on Aging in the

Criminal Justice System:

http://www.magnetmail.net/actions/email_web_version.cfm?message_id=2036636&user_id=CSWE

Web links provides bibliography and media resources, and special report links

Select ReferencesSelect References Aday, R. H. (2003). Aging prisoners: Crisis in American corrections. Westport, CT: Praeger. American Civil Liberties Union [ACLU] (2012) At America’s Expense: The Mass Incarceration of the

Elderly. Washington, DC: Author. Chiu, T., (2010). It’s about time: Aging prisoners, increasing costs, and geriatric release. New York: Vera

Institute of Justice. Davidson, L. & Rowe, M. (Davidson, L. & Rowe, M. (2010). Peer support within criminal justice settings:

The role of forensic peer specialists. Retrieved May 9, 2011 from http://gainscenter.samhsa.gov/pdfs/integrating/Davidson_Rowe_Peersupport.pdf

Dawes, J. (2009). Ageing Prisoners: Issues for social work. Australian Social Work, 62(2), 258-271. Falter, R.G. (2006). Elderly inmates: An emerging correctional population. Correctional Health Journal, 1,

52-69. Human Rights Watch [HRW] (2012). Old behind bars. Retrieved January 30, 2012 from

http://www.hrw.org/reports/2012/01/27/old-behind-bars James, D.J., & Glaze, L.E. (2006). Mental health problems of prison and jail inmates. (NCJ Publication No.

213600). Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Justice. Kinsella, C. (2004). Correctional health care costs. Lexington, KY: Council of State Governments. Maruschak, L. M. (2008). Medical problems of prisoners (NCJ Publication No. 221740). Rockville, MD: US

Department of Justice. London, England: Author.

Select ReferencesSelect References Maschi, T., Sutfin, S., & O’Connor, B. (2012). Aging, mental health, and the criminal justice system.

Journal of Forensic Social Work, 2 (2/3), pp. 162-185. DOI:10.1080/1936928X.2012.750254. Maschi, T., Viola, D., & Sun, F. (2012). The high cost of the international aging prisoner crisis: Well-

being as the common denominator for action. Gerontologist. doi: 10.1093/geront/gns125, first published on October 4, 2012.

Maschi, T., & Baer, J.C. (2012). The heterogeneity of the world assumptions of older adults in prison: Do differing worldviews have a mental health effect? Traumatology. doi: 1534765612443294, first published on April 24, 2012

Maschi, T., & Baer, J.C., Morrissey, M.B., & Moreno, C. (2012). The aftermath of childhood trauma on late life mental and physical health: A review of the literature. Traumatology. doi: 1534765612437377, first published on April 16, 2012

Maschi, T., Kwak, J., Ko, E.J., & Morrissey, M. (2012). Forget me not: Dementia in prisons. The Gerontologist, doi: 10.1093/geront/gnr131

Prison Reform Trust (2008) Doing Time: The Experiences and Needs of Older People in Prison, London: Prison Reform Trust.

Also find more resources at: http://www.magnetmail.net/actions/email_web_version.cfm?

message_id=2036636&user_id=CSWE