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Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Cooperative Diversity with Multiple-Antenna Nodes in Fading
Relay Channels
Advisor : Yinman Lee
Speaker : Yen-Nan Chen
(s96325525)
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Outline
• Introduction• Transmission Model• Diversity Gain Analysis• Simulation Results And Discussion• Conclusion
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Introduction
• We investigate the performance of a single-relay cooperative scenario where the source, relay and destination terminals are equipped with multiple transmit/receive antennas.
A. CSI-assisted AaF relaying
B. Blind AaF relaying
C. DaF relaying
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Transmission Model
Fig. 1. Schematic representation of relay-assisted transmission.
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Transmission Model
• The received signals during the broadcasting phase at the receive antenna of the destination terminal are given by
is the STBC-encoded modulation symbol sent from the transmit antenna in time interval k.
,i kxthi
, , , ,1
, 1, 2,..., , 1SM
k i kSDD j SD j i k D j
iS
Er h x n k K
M
1, 2,...,thj j N
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Transmission Model
• The received signals at the receive antenna of the relay terminal are given by
• In matrix notation, we can rewrite (2) as , , , ,
1
, 1, 2,..., , 2SM
k i kSRR m SR m i k R m
iS
Er h x n k K
M
1,2,...,thRm m M
, , , , 3SRR m SR m R m
S
Er H x n
M
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Transmission Model
where is the S → R link channel matrix with size K × Q, denotes the codeword vector, and represents the noise vector.
• During the relaying phase, the received signals processed at the relay terminal are forwarded to the destination terminal.
,SR mH
1 T
Qx x x 1
, , , TK
R m R m R mn n n
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Transmission Model
A. CSI-assisted AaF relaying• The received signals at the destination terminal
are given by
denote the STBC-encoded modulation symbols transmitted from the antenna at time slot .
,m ly
, , , ,1
, 4TM
l m lRDD j RD j m l D j
mT
Er h y n
M
l
thm
1, 2,..., 2 and 1,2,...l K K K j N
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Transmission Model
B. Blind AaF relaying• The received signal at the destination terminal fr
om the antenna is given by
,, ,, , ,
0
5kR mt l t t lRD
D j RD j D jT SR S
rEr h n
M E M N
1,2,...,thTt t M
1,... 1 , and 1,...,l tK t K k l tK j N
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Transmission Model
C. DaF relaying• The received signals at the destination terminal
can be written as
denotes the STBC-encoded modulation symbol transmitted from the relay’s transmit antenna in time slot .
,m lythm
, , ,1
, 6TM
l m lRDD j RD j m l D
mT
Er h y n
M
1,..., 2 , and 1,...,l K K j N
l
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Diversity Gain Analysis
• Defining the transmitted codeword vector from the source and the erroneously-decoded codeword vector at the destination terminal, respectively, as and , the conditional PEP is given by
1,...,T
Qx x x 1ˆ ˆ ˆ,...,T
Qx x x
, , ,
2
0
ˆ, , , , 1,..., , 1,..., ,
ˆ, 1,..., 7
2
i m iSR m RD j SD j S TP x x h h h i M m M
d x xj N Q
N
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Diversity Gain Analysis
assuming ML decoding. Here, Q(.) is the Gaussian-Q function and denotes the Euclidean distance between and . Applying the standard Chernoff bound to (7), we obtain
x
2 ˆ,d x x
x̂
, , ,
2
0
ˆ, , , , 1,..., , 1,..., ,
ˆ, 1,..., exp 8
4
i m iSR m RD j SD j S TP x x h h h i M m M
d x xj N
N
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Diversity Gain Analysis
A. PEP for CSI-assisted AaF relaying
The Euclidean distance for AaF relaying can be written as
2 ˆ,d x x
2 2 2
2 2 2, ,
1 1 1 1
ˆ ˆ ˆ, , ,
, 9S T
S R D S D
M MN Ni mSDSD j j RD j SR
j i j mS
d x x d x x d x x
Eh h
M
0
2 20 , 0
SR RDj
T SR SR S T S RD j SR
E N E
M E N M M M E N
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Diversity Gain Analysis
denotes the eigenvalue of the codeword difference matrix, and
22ˆ ˆ... Q Qv x x v x x
1 221 2,1 1
R SM M iSR SR mm i
v h
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Diversity Gain Analysis
• Scenario 1 (Balanced S → D and R → D links and high SNR in S → R link ):
we find PEP as
diversity order .
0
ˆ, 104
S T
S T
N M M
N M MSDEP x xMN
2S TN M M NM
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Diversity Gain Analysis
• Scenario 2 (Balanced S → D and S → R links and high SNR in R → D link):
we find PEP as
diversity order .
0
ˆ, 114
S R S
S R S
NM M M
NM M MSD
S
EP x x
M N
2S RM N M NM M
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Diversity Gain Analysis
• Scenario 3 (Poor SNR in S → R link):
we find PEP as
diversity order .
0 0
ˆ, 1 124 4
S R SNM M M
SD SR
S S
E EP x x
M N M N
SNM
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Diversity Gain Analysis
• Scenario 4 (Non-fading R → D link):
the diversity order is large and can not be determined by an integer value anymore, i.e., an AWGN-like performance is observed.
0 0
ˆ, exp 134 4
S
S
NM
NMSD SD
S
E EP x x N
M N N
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Diversity Gain Analysis
B. PEP for blind AaF relaying
the Euclidean distance for blind AaF relaying can be written as
2 22, ,
1 1 1
2
,1 1
ˆ,
14
ST
S
MMNt t i
RD j RD j SR tj t i
MNiSDSD j
j iS
d x x E h h
Eh
M
2 ˆ,d x x
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Diversity Gain Analysis
• Scenario 1 (Balanced S → D and R → D links and high SNR in S → R link ):
we obtain the PEP expressions as
0
ˆ, 154
T S TM M N M
S SDS
N M EP x x N M
N MN
0
ˆ, 164
T S TM N M M
S SDS
M N EP x x M N
N MN
0
0
logˆ, 17
4
S TT
T
M N MMSD SD
SM
E N EP x x M N
MNN
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Diversity Gain Analysis
diversity order .• Comparison to (10) further reveals that CSI-assi
sted AaF and blind AaF relaying yield the same diversity order, provided that .
min ,T S SM M N M N
SM N
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Diversity Gain Analysis
• Scenario 2 (Balanced S → D and S → R links and high SNR in R → D link):
we find PEP as
diversity order .
0
ˆ, 184
S TM N M
SDEP x xMN
S TM M N
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Diversity Gain Analysis
• Scenario 3 (Poor SNR in S → R link):
we find PEP as
it can be easily concluded that the diversity order in (19) is limited to as observed for CSI-assisted case.
i.e., direct transmission.
0 0
ˆ, 1 194 4
S T SNM M M
SD SRE EP x x
MN MN
SNM
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Diversity Gain Analysis
• Scenario 4 (Non-fading R → D link):
we find PEP as
diversity order .
0
ˆ,4
S TS T
T S
M M NM M NSD
M M
EMP x x
N N
S TM M N
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Diversity Gain Analysis
C. PEP for DaF relaying
we can upper bound
ˆ ˆ, , 1 , , for
ˆ,ˆ, for
S R S R SR th
end to end
S D SR th
P x f x P f x x P x f x P x xP x x
P x x
SRˆ ˆ, , 1 , , for S R S R thend to endP x x P x f x P x f x P x x
ˆ,end to end
P x x
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Diversity Gain Analysis
• Scenario 1 (Balanced S → D and R → D links and high SNR in S → R link ):
we find PEP as
diversity order . S TN M M
0
ˆ,4
S T
S T
N M M
N M MSDend to end
EP x x
MN
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Diversity Gain Analysis
• Scenario 2 (Balanced S → D and S → R links and high SNR in R → D link):
we find PEP as
diversity order .
i.e.,non-cooperative.
MN
0
ˆ,4
S
S
NM
NMSDend to end
EP x x
MN
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Diversity Gain Analysis
• Scenario 3 (Poor SNR in S → R link):
we find PEP as
diversity order .
i.e.,non-cooperative.
0
ˆ,4
S
S
NM
NMSDend to end
EP x x
MN
MN
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Diversity Gain Analysis
• Scenario 4 (Non-fading R → D link):
we find PEP as
diversity order is large and provides an AWGN-like performance similar to our observation for CSI-assisted AaF relaying.
0 0
ˆ, exp4 4
S
S
NM
NMSD SDend to end
S
E EP x x N
M N N
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Diversity Gain Analysis
TABLE IDIVERSITY ORDERS OF BLIND AaF,
CSI-ASSISTED AaF, AND DaF RELAYING.
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Simulation Results And Discussion
Fig. 2. SER performance of blind AaF relaying.
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Simulation Results And Discussion
Fig. 3. SER performance of blind AaF relaying assuming M = 2.
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Simulation Results And Discussion
Fig. 4. SER performance of CSI-assisted AaF relaying.
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Simulation Results And Discussion
Fig. 5. SER performance of CSI-assisted AaF relaying assuming M = 2.
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Simulation Results And Discussion
Fig. 6. SER performance of DaF relaying.
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Simulation Results And Discussion
Fig. 7. SER performance of DaF relaying assuming M = 2.
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
Conclusion
• In this paper, we have investigated performance of three relaying schemes in a cooperative scenario in which the cooperating nodes are equipped with multiple antennas and operating over frequency-flat Rayleigh fading channels.
• We have analyzed the diversity gains of blind AaF, CSI-assisted AaF, and DaF schemes
Communication Signal Processing LabGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering
NCNU Tin Studio Established 07. In TAITUNG CITY
References
• [1] S. Alamouti, “A simple transmit diversity technique for wireless communications,” IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 1451–1458, 1998.
• [2] A. Sendonaris, E. Erkip, and B. Aazhang, “User cooperation diversity-Part I: System description,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 51, pp. 1927-1938, Nov. 2003.
• [3] A. Sendonaris, E. Erkip, and B. Aazhang, “User cooperation diversity-Part II: Implemen taion aspects and performance analysis,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 51, pp. 1939-1948, Nov. 2003.
• [4] M. K. Simon and M. S. Alouini, Digital Communication Over Fading Channels: A Unified Approach to Performance Analysis. NewYork: Wiley-Interscience, 2000.