1859 Frenchman douard-Lon Scott de Martinville invents the
first device capable of recording sound. Know as a phonautograph,
the machine captures sound by tracing the vibrations of a bristle
onto a sheet of soot-covered paper. These recordings, called
phonautograms, were never intended to be played back Martinvilles
purpose in making the device was to simply see what sound waves
looked like.
Slide 4
FEBRUARY 19, 1878 The patent for Thomas Edisons novel
phonograph is issued. A product of his previous work with the
telegraph and the telephone, the phonograph is the originator of
all sound recordings. The phonograph consisted of a hand
crank-powered metal cylinder wrapped in tin foil upon which either
a recording or reproducer stylus, or needle, would record or
playback a recording. Edison recited Mary Had a Little Lamb as the
very first sound recording.
Slide 5
PHONOGRAPH CONT. Although bulky and expensive, Edisons goal of
having "a phonograph in every American Home would be met with
jubilant reply as the very first home audio movement sweep through
the nation.
Slide 6
PHONOGRAPH CONT. In addition to sound recording and playing,
Edison also had these purposes in mind for the phonograph:
Phonographic books, which will speak to blind people without effort
on their part. The "Family Record"--a registry of sayings,
reminiscences, etc., by members of a family in their own voices,
and of the last words of dying persons. Educational purposes; such
as preserving the explanations made by a teacher, so that the pupil
can refer to them at any moment, and spelling or other lessons
placed upon the phonograph for convenience in committing to
memory.
Slide 7
MAY 4, 1886 Alexander Graham Bell and his apprentice, Charles
Sumner Tainter, are awarded a patent for the graphophone. A
modified version of Edisons phonograph, the device uses a wax disc
and a floating stylus to record sound, thus producing a product of
both better quality and durability.
Slide 8
GRAPHOPHONE CONT. Before making their enhancements, Bell and
Tainter sought working with Edison to improve the phonograph.
Edison refused, and Bell and Tainter were forced to work in secret.
In order to protect the rights to their modifications, they packed
all [of] their work on the graphophone into a tin box, dated and
sealed the box, and placed it in a vault in the Smithsonian
Institution.
Slide 9
NOVEMBER 8, 1887 Emile Berliner is granted a patent for the
gramophone. Surpassing both the phonograph and the graphophone in
size convenience and sound quality, the gramophone is the first
instrument to use flat discs, known as records, as its only medium.
The records, originally made from glass, were the first recordings
capable of being mass produced. Later formed from zinc and
ultimately plastic, the records were made by the hundreds from
pressing molds.
Slide 10
NOVEMBER 23, 1889 The Nickel-in-the-Slot machine, otherwise
known as the jukebox, debuts in the Palais Royale Saloon located in
San Francisco, California. The jukebox consisted of an Edison Class
M Electric Phonograph that had been fitted into an oak cabinet. A
coin mechanism, previously patented by Louis Glass and William S.
Arnold, served as the machines operating system.
Slide 11
JUKEBOX CONT. One could listen to their choice of music through
individual stethoscope-like tubes connected to the phonograph. The
device was extremely popular, earning over $1,000 in its first six
months of operation.
Slide 12
MAY 22, 1900 Edwin Scott Votey is awarded the patent for the
pianola, a piano attachment capable of playing the instrument
automatically. Using perforated paper rolls and foot-powered pedals
to play the piano, the device was the first instrumental machine to
be mass produced.
Slide 13
1901 The 78 debuts. The record, named for its 78 rotations per
minute (or rpm ), has a diameter of 10 inches and remains highly
popular until 1974. Although they continue to exert a 78 rpm,
records become available in 7, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 21-inch formats
by 1910.
Slide 14
1906 The Victor Talking Machine Company introduces its line of
compact cabinet phonographs known as victrolas. Consisting of a
turntable with an amplification horn, the victrolas volume was
easily adjusted with the opening and closing of the wood cabinets
doors. The victrola was specifically designed to fit within the
home, and quickly became the best-selling record player of its
time.
Slide 15
1920S DECADE Commercial radios start to be mass produced by the
Radio Corporation of America (RCA). First popularized by the
broadcasting of presidential elections, commercial radios air live,
in-studio music performances until the development of more advanced
radio technology. The need for broadcasting improvement leads to
the rapid refinement of radio transmissions, causing record sales
to fall.
Slide 16
1928 The RCA buys the Victor Talking Machine Company and forms
RCA Victor. Looking to revolutionize the radio industry, radio
production houses begin producing transcription discs meant to play
pre- recorded music over the air. Vitrolac discs, vinyl records
made out of a sturdy plastic resin, with an rpm of 33 1/3 are
created as a result of this movement.
Slide 17
1929 Although initially invented by Paul Galvin, William Powell
Lear patents the first car radio. Contracted by Galvin
Manufacturing, the product is later introduced as the Motorola and
is one of the first commercially successful car radios.
Slide 18
AUGUST 26, 1930 Philo Taylor Farnsworth receives the patent for
the first television system. With the initiation of picture
telecommunication, the eventual accessibility and popularity of
music would boundlessly grow as the entertainment world became more
involved in broadcasting.
Slide 19
1933 Edwin Armstrong patents frequency-modulated, or FM, radio
transmissions. Producing a higher fidelity sound with less static,
FM radio allows for a more enjoyable radio experience. Although
employed by the RCA, the company sees his developments as a threat
to their affiliations with the AM market, and seeks to annihilate
FM radio. The RCA repudiates his patents and refuses to pay him,
leading to his eventual suicide in which he jumps out of a 13 th
story window.
Slide 20
1936 Konrad Zuse constructs the first Z1 computer unit.
Although originally developed for use as a calculator, the computer
would undergo astronomical enhancements and lead to the eventual
mass distribution and availability of music over streaming
internet.
Slide 21
1964 Although originally thought of my Oberlin Smith in 1878,
the cassette tape finally comes into popularity. Cassettes consists
of a magnetic tape wound between two small reels capable of both
recording and playing back a track.
Slide 22
1966 Lears adaptation of a device known as a 4-track player,
called an 8-track, goes on sale and takes the market by storm. The
portable, reasonably sized player consists of a thinner tape and
[more] compact recording heads that allow for the continuous loop
of tape and thus continuous playing of music.
Slide 23
JULY 1, 1979 Sony introduces the Sony Walkman TPS-L2, a
blue-and- silver portable cassette player with chunky buttons,
headphones, and a leather case. Even more transportable than the
8-track player, the Walkman becomes a pop culture phenomenon. It
was the first device to utilize individual headphones in fact, it
had an additional earphone jack so that two people could listen at
the same time.
Slide 24
AUGUST 17, 1982 The first compact disc, or CD, is produced by
Philips and Sony. Although originally invented by James Russell in
1965, the lightweight plastic platters did not come into popularity
until their mass production in the 1980s. With 74 minutes of
recording or playing capability, the CD is read and written by a
laser compatible with computer files, pictures, and music. James
Russell
Slide 25
CD CONT. The CD is the final addition to the series of disc
sizes and formats used for music production.
Slide 26
NOVEMBER 26, 1996 Fraunhofer-Gesellshaft, a German engineering
company, obtains a US patent for the MPEG Audio Layer III, or MP3.
Unlike any of its predecessors, the MP3 is the first piece of music
technology to be entirely digitalized. Their audio files,
compressed to small sizes with little to no loss of sound quality,
are compatible with many media formats and computer
technologies.
Slide 27
2000S DECADE In October of 2001, Apple releases the first iPod,
a device designed specifically to store and play digital music
files. iPods will undergo a series of size, functionality, and
storage capacity modifications within the next ten years,
eventually having the capability to hold up to 40,000 songs in
addition to video and picture files.
Slide 28
2000S DECADE CONT. On April 28, 2003, Apple launches the iTunes
Music Store, the first legal music download site on the web.
Offering 200,000 songs at 99 each, iTunes sells one million songs
in its first week of operation. By February of 2010, iTunes has
sold over 10 billion songs.
Slide 29
TODAY AND TOMORROW Compared to the days of Edison cylinders and
classic vinyl records, music technology has evolved into a
ubiquitous industry of high performance devices in a myriad of
formats. With the overwhelming popularity of smartphones and
computers, the music industry has grown into a versatile,
long-standing part of human history and modern society.
Slide 30
WORKS CITED Information The Way the Music Died The
Phonautograph and Precursors to Edison's Phonograph The
Phonautograph and Precursors to Edison's Phonograph The History of
the Edison Cylinder Phonograph Photo- and Graphophone Emile
Berliner - The History of the Gramophone The Early Gramophone
Jukebox History Player Piano History First Car Radio Inventor of
the Week: Archive Press Release, 01-36 Cassette-tape | Define
Cassette-tape at Dictionary.com Cassette-tape | Define
Cassette-tape at Dictionary.com A Brief History of The Walkman TIME
Inventors of the Modern Computer History of the Compact Disk or CD
The History Of The Compact Disc The History of MP3 iPod + iTunes
Timeline iPod Classic Pictures/Audio/Information 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
32 33 34 35 36 37 38